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1. 发明专利

GB378866A Improvements in or relating to the production of chlorinated derivatives of toluene 未知
公开(公告)号：GB378866A
公开(公告)日：1932-08-16
申请号：GB1454131
申请日：1931-05-16
申请人： THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , ICI LTD
IPC分类号： C07C17/14
摘要： Chlorinated derivatives of toluene are manufactured by passing a mixture of chlorine and toluene vapour through a reaction zone at 250-600 DEG C., the speed of passage being adjusted in such a manner as to increase from a low space velocity of the order of 2-5 reciprocal minutes at the lower end of the temperature range, i.e. 250-350 DEG C., to a high space velocity of the order of 500-2000 reciprocal minutes at the upper end of the range, i.e. 500-600 DEG C. The permissible amount of chlorine in relation to toluene depends upon the temperature, and at temperatures of 400-600 DEG C. the initial amount of chlorine should not exceed half that of toluene vapour, otherwise the mixture may inflame. The parts of the reaction chamber coming into contact with the hot gases are preferably made of non-metallic material such as glass, silica or firebrick. The reaction zone may be packed with inert material such as pieces of silica. The products consist almost entirely of side-chain chlorinated compounds of toluene, but if desired products chlorinated in the nucleus may be obtained by performing the reaction in the presence of chlorine carriers such as iodine or ferric chloride. In an example, a mixture of one volume of chlorine and 2,2 volumes of toluene vapour is passed through a porcelain tube at 510 DEG C. with a space velocity of 520 reciprocal minutes or at 600 DEG C. and 1000 reciprocal minutes, yielding a mixture of benzyl and benzal chlorides. If the quantity of chlorine is increased, e.g. one volume of chlorine to 1,2 volumes of toluene vapour, treated at 250 DEG C., or a mixture of 1,3 volumes of chlorine and one volume of toluene vapour, at 300 DEG C., the percentage conversion of toluene is increased but the proportion of benzal chloride in the product is larger. If a mixture of one volume of chlorine and 2,2 volumes of toluene vapour, containing 1 per cent, by weight of the toluene, of iodine, is passed at 500 DEG C. and 500 reciprocal minutes, a mixture of benzyl and benzal chlorides and chlortoluenes is obtained.

2. 发明专利

GB342319A Improvements in the treatment of hydrocarbons 未知
公开(公告)号：GB342319A
公开(公告)日：1931-01-21
申请号：GB2543829
申请日：1929-08-21
申请人： ICI LTD , THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , JOHN MCAULAY , WILFRID FRANCIS
IPC分类号： C07C2/00
摘要： Unsaturated hydrocarbons; aromatic hydrocarbons.-Hydrocarbons containing more than one carbon atom are passed in two or more stages through a space heated to 1000 DEG -1200 DEG C. or over, at a space velocity of 50-100 reciprocal minutes or higher. The raw materials may be saturated hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, and butane, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene and acetylene, or mixtures of the above compounds, e.g. natural gas, gases obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of coal, gases from oil cracking plants or mixtures also containing methane such as those obtained by thermal treatment of methane. The products may be unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene, acetylene, or diolefines, e.g. butadiene, or aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene, or oils. The unsaturated hydrocarbons may be used as intermediate products, being further converted into light oils or other saturated hydrocarbons. Preferably the first treatment is performed under such conditions as to prepare the gas for the next thermal treatment. Between each treatment the light oils produced, which consist largely of benzene and homologues, are removed, and the unsaturated hydrocarbons may also be removed; alternatively, the gases remaining after the removal of benzene may be heated in known manner to yield hydrogen. It is better to perform the consecutive treatments in separate furnaces, so that the composition of the mixture, the temperature and the velocity may be more easily controlled. The conditions are chosen so as to avoid blocking of the chamber by carbon. At relatively low space velocity, aromatic hydrocarbons are the main products, while at high space velocity a large proportion of olefines is obtained. The space velocities may be as high as several thousand reciprocal minutes. Usually catalysts are unnecessary and the reaction chamber should not be packed with solid material other than the walls of the reaction vessel. The walls may exert a catalytic influence. The reaction vessel may be of carborundum or of graphite or heat-resisting alloys such as nickel-chromium or chromium steels. By using a reaction vessel whose walls are constructed of or lined with alumino-silicate refractories such as the mineral sillimanite or like material or similar composition, an increased yield of naphthalene is obtained, and in other cases hydrocarbons such as anthracene are formed. The chambers should be very narrow in relation to their length and width. The reaction vessel may be externally heated, but vessels with an inner tube for the heating gases or with an electrically heated member may also be used. Three examples, each describing a three-stage operation, are given. Among the intermediate products specified are butylene, propylene, ethylene, acetylene, with small amounts of butadiene and other diolefines not identified, while the final products are the aromatic light oils, methane and hydrogen together with some ethylene and acetylene. Specifications 264,827, 309,455, 309,488, 324,939, [all in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], are referred to. In the first Provisional Specification, the use of inert gaseous diluents is mentioned. The space velocity most suitable for a maximum yield of ethylene with a methane-ethane mixture is stated to be double that necessary for maximum deposition of carbon and 1 1/2 times that necessary for maximum yield of benzene. Methane is included in the scope of the invention. A mixture is so treated that it is first stripped of its heaviest constituents, then of the next highest hydrocarbons, and so on. In the second Provisional Specification, an example of the treatment of pure propane is given, and it is stated that the ethylene so produced may be treated for the production of ethyl alcohol.

3. 发明专利

GB335947A Improved process of producing hydrogen cyanide 未知
公开(公告)号：GB335947A
公开(公告)日：1930-09-29
申请号：GB982429
申请日：1929-03-27
申请人： ICI LTD , THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , HAROLD ALFRED THOMAS MILLS , JOHN MCAULAY , WILLIAM BALDWIN FLETCHER
IPC分类号： C01C3/02
摘要： 335,947. Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., Wheeler, T. S., Mills, H. A. T., McAulay, J., and Fletcher, W. B. March 27, 1929. Divided on 335,585. Hydrocyanic acid.-In preparing hydrocyanic acid as described in Specification 335,585 by reaction between hydrocarbon gas and ammonia, the reaction mixture may contain one molecular proportion of ammonia to one atomic proportion of carbon, or less, if the mixture also contains hydrogen.

4. 发明专利

GB353913A Process of performing endothermic gas reactions 未知
公开(公告)号：GB353913A
公开(公告)日：1931-07-27
申请号：GB636930
申请日：1930-02-26
申请人： THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , DAVID BINNIE , ICI LTD
IPC分类号： C07C2/76
摘要： The pyrolysis of normally gaseous hydrocarbons, such as methane or other lower members of the paraffin series, olefines, &c. to form acetylene and/or other unsaturated hydrocarbons is carried out at high space velocities and temperature, and the necessary heat is largely supplied by a simultaneous and independent exothermic reaction in situ consisting of the formation of hydrochloric acid from hydrogen and chlorine. Diluent gases may be added, e.g. coke-oven gas can be used in the process. The reacting gases, containing more or less equivalent quantities of hydrogen and chlorine, are led separately into a long, narrow tube, preferably constricted at or just after the point where the gases meet to ensure thorough mixing. The tube may be heated at this point, or the gases preheated, to start the reaction.

5. 发明专利

GB353407A Improvements relating to the production of hydrocyanic acid 未知
公开(公告)号：GB353407A
公开(公告)日：1931-07-21
申请号：GB575630
申请日：1930-02-21
申请人： ICI LTD , THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , HAROLD ALFRED THOMAS MILLS , WILLIAM BALDWIN FLETCHER , JOHN MCAULAY
IPC分类号： C01C3/02
摘要： In the production of hydrocyanic acid by the interaction between gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane and ammonia at a temperature of at least 1150 DEG C. and at high space velocity as described in the parent Specification, the gases are diluted with nitrogen or a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen to minimize the deposition of carbon. Specification 229,973, [Class 1 (ii), Inorganic compounds, other than &c.], is referred to.

6. 发明专利

GB349958A An improved process and apparatus for carrying out gas reactions at high temperatures 未知
公开(公告)号：GB349958A
公开(公告)日：1931-05-27
申请号：GB273030
申请日：1930-01-27
申请人： ICI LTD , THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , WILLIAM BALDWIN FLETCHER
IPC分类号： B01J10/02
摘要： Hydrocyanic acid; benzene and other unsaturated hydrocarbons.--Endothermic gas reactions at temperatures over 1000 DEG C. and at high space velocities are carried out by passing the gas through unpacked reaction chambers which are long, deep and very narrow and are sandwiched between long and deep heating flues. Examples of suitable reactions are the production of hydrocyanic acid from ammonia and hydrocarbons described in Specification 335,947, [Class 1 (ii), Inorganic compounds, other than &c.], and the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons to obtain benzene and other unsaturated hydrocarbons as in Specification 342,319, [Group IV]. In the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the reaction chambers 1, which are only one or two inches wide and several feet high and deep and constructed of or lined with a refractory material such as sillimanite, traverse a combustion chamber 2. A number of walls 6 are built across this chamber which is thus divided into a number of flues which completely surround the reaction chambers and ensure effective heat transfer. The air for combustion is preheated by regenerators 5 and passes into the combustion space 2 through ports 4, the gas for combustion being admitted through ports 3. The gaseous reactants are also preheated in a suitable apparatus by the products of the reaction. Specification 335,411, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], also is referred to.ALSO: The pyrolysis of hydrocarbons to obtain benzene and other unsaturated hydrocarbons as in Specification 342,319 at temperatures over 1000 DEG C. and at high space velocities is carried out by passing the gas through unpacked reaction chambers which are long, deep and very narrow and are sandwiched between long and deep heating flues. In the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the reaction chambers 1, which are only one or two inches wide and several feet high and deep and constructed of or lined with a refractory material such as sillimanite, traverse a combustion chamber 2. A number of walls 6 are built across this chamber, which is thus divided into a number of flues which totally surround the reaction chambers and ensure effective heat transfer. The air for combustion is preheated by regenerators 5 and passes into the combustion space 2 through ports 4, the gas for combustion being admitted through ports 3. The gaseous reactants are also preheated in a suitable apparatus by the products of the reaction. Specifications 335,411, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], and 335,947, [Class 1 (ii), Inorganic compounds, other than &c.], also are referred to.

7. 发明专利

GB346486A Process of producing lactic acid esters 未知
公开(公告)号：GB346486A
公开(公告)日：1931-04-16
申请号：GB262330
申请日：1930-01-25
申请人： ICI LTD , WILLIAM ROBERT HARDY HURTLEY , THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER
IPC分类号： C07C67/03 , C07C69/68
摘要： An alcohol, such as butyl alcohol, is caused to interact with the lactic ester of another alcohol, such as ethyl lactate, and the alcohol displaced is removed by continuous or intermittent distillation, leaving behind the ester. Usually, a slight excess of the alcohol is taken, and the reaction is conducted in the presence of 2-3 per cent of hydrogen chloride, sulphuric acid, or other strong acid. The mixture is refluxed, and then the alcohol produced is slowly and carefully distilled off. The acid catalyst is neutralized or washed out, and the desired ester distilled. In the example the production of butyl lactate from ethyl lactate and butyl alcohol is described. Specification 341,961 is referred to.

8. 发明专利

GB333989A Improvements in the preparation of alkyl cyanides 未知
公开(公告)号：GB333989A
公开(公告)日：1930-08-28
申请号：GB1834029
申请日：1929-06-14
申请人： ICI LTD , THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER
摘要： 333,989. Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., and Wheeler, T. S. June 14, 1929. Aliphatic nitriles are produced by reacting a metal cyanide and an aliphatic halide in the presence of a nitrile, preferably of that nitrile to be produced. In an example, sodium cyanide, ethylene chloride and ethylene cyanide are heated together under a reflux condenser.

9. 发明专利

GB331734A A process for the production of carbon disulphide 未知
公开(公告)号：GB331734A
公开(公告)日：1930-07-10
申请号：GB2543729
申请日：1929-08-21
申请人： ICI LTD , WILLIAM BALDWIN FLETCHER , THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , JOHN MCAULAY
IPC分类号： C01B31/26
摘要： 331,734. Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., Fletcher, W. B., Wheeler, T. S., and McAulay, J. Aug. 21, 1929. Carbon disulphide is made by heating hydrocarbons, such as methane, with sulphur vapour at temperatures above 1100‹ C., at which no carbon oxysulphide is formed. Coal gas, coke oven gas, gases from hydrogenization of carbonaceous materials &c. may be used as the source of hydrocarbon, and may be diluted with hydrogen or other inert gas. The gases may be preheated to a temperature of 600-800‹ C., and sulphur vapour mixed therewith. Molten sulphur may be introduced through a silica tube heated to about 1400‹ C. Sulphur or hydrogen sulphide is recovered from the exit gases by condensation or reaction with hydrogen, and is returned with a fresh supply of sulphur vapour, or the hydrogen sulphide may be absorbed, say. by iron oxide, which may be regenerated by treatment with the inlet gases containing hydrogen and hydrocarbons. According to the Provisional Specification hydrogen sulphide may be used instead of sulphur vapour. Specification 293.172 is referred to.

10. 发明专利

GB324939A Improved method of decomposing hydrocarbons to produce hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight 未知
公开(公告)号：GB324939A
公开(公告)日：1930-02-03
申请号：GB2521828
申请日：1928-09-03
申请人： THOMAS SHERLOCK WHEELER , ICI LTD
IPC分类号： C07C2/00 , C07C2/76
摘要： 324,939. Wheeler, T. S., and Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. Sept. 3, 1928. Aromatic hydrocarbons. - Saturated hydrocarbons such as methane or ethane are decomposed by heat to produce aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene which are removed from the residual gases followed by the removal of hydrogen, for instance by passing the gas over a material which acts upon hydrogen but not on the hydrocarbons, such as copper oxide at 250‹ C. In an example, methane is passed through a heated tube at 1000‹ C. at a high space velocity, the resulting gas being condensed to produce light oils and the hydrogen is then separated either by diffusion or by interaction with added carbon monoxide in presence of a nickel catalyst in known manner. Specifications 211,461 (as open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts), and 264,845 are referred to. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 316,126.

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