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1. 发明申请

US20080297772A1 Detecting a Disturbance in the Propagation of Light in an Optical Waveguide 有权
标题翻译：检测光波导传播中的干扰
公开(公告)号：US20080297772A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-04
申请号：US11666939
申请日：2005-11-03
申请人： Alan John Rogers , Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
发明人： Alan John Rogers , Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01M11/3118 , G01M11/3127
摘要： An optical time domain reflectometry apparatus has a laser and light modulator for producing coherent light pulses, each having two sections of higher intensity separated by a gap of lower or substantially zero intensity. As the light pulses propagate along the optical fibre, light is continuously Rayleigh backscattered by inhomogeneities of the optical fibre. A photodetector generates backscatter signals representing the intensity of light Rayleigh backscattered in the optical fibre as each light pulse travels along the optical fibre. The PC uses these backscatter signals to derive a difference signal representing a change dI in intensity between signals generated from two successive pulses. The PC then calculates the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the difference signal averaged over the interval between the two sections of the light pulses. Next, the PC averages the backscatter signal generated from the first of the pulses over the same interval and normalises the RMS difference signal using the averaged signal to obtain a compensated difference signal that depends only on differences in the rate of change of phase of light of the light pulses as they travelled along the waveguide. This is repeated at different wavelengths to allow the compensated difference signal to be adjusted to represent the magnitude of the differences.
摘要翻译：光学时域反射测量装置具有用于产生相干光脉冲的激光和光调制器，每个相干光脉冲具有由较低或基本上零强度的间隔隔开的较高强度的两个部分。当光脉冲沿着光纤传播时，由于光纤的不均匀性，光线连续地被瑞利散射。当每个光脉冲沿着光纤传播时，光电检测器产生表示光纤背面散射光的瑞利强度的反向散射信号。 PC使用这些反向散射信号来导出表示由两个连续脉冲产生的信号之间强度变化dI的差信号。 PC然后计算在光脉冲的两个部分之间的间隔上平均的差分信号的均方根（RMS）。接下来，PC平均在相同间隔上从第一个脉冲产生的反向散射信号，并使用平均信号对RMS差分信号进行归一化，以获得仅依赖于光的相位变化率差异的补偿差分信号沿着波导行进的光脉冲。这在不同的波长下重复，以允许调整补偿差分信号来表示差值的大小。

2. 发明授权

US08264676B2 Detecting a disturbance in the phase of light propagating in an optical waveguide 有权
标题翻译：检测在光波导中传播的光的相位中的干扰
公开(公告)号：US08264676B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-11
申请号：US12312385
申请日：2007-11-08
申请人： Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
发明人： Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01M11/3118
摘要： A partially coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) apparatus has a light source comprising a directly modulated semiconductor Distributed FeedBack (DFB) laser diode for transmitting partially coherent light pulses along a monomode optical fibre. Light Rayleigh backscattered from the light pulses as they travel along the optical fibre is output from the end of the fibre into which the light pulses are transmitted to a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) filter. The FBG filter reduces the supectral width of light received at a photodetector. In one embodiment, the supectral width of the FBG filter is around one fifth of the supectral width of the light pulse after it has travelled around 1 km along the optical fibre. As a consequence of reducing the supectral width of the light received at the photodetector, the FBG filter increases the temporal coherence of the light. So, the FBG filter can ensure that the detected light is sufficiently coherent that a temporal supeckle pattern can be detected at the photodetector. At the same time, the light traveling in the optical fibre can be relatively supectrally broad so that non-linear effects in the optical fibre, such as Brillouin scattering, can be reduced.
摘要翻译：部分相干光时域反射仪（OTDR）装置具有光源，该光源包括用于沿着单模光纤传输部分相干光脉冲的直接调制的半导体分布反馈反射（DFB）激光二极管。从光脉冲沿光纤行进的背光散射的光瑞利从光脉冲的光纤末端输出到光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）滤光片。 FBG滤光器减少了光电检测器的光接收宽度。在一个实施例中，在沿着光纤行进约1km之后，FBG滤波器的平面宽度大约是光脉冲的周长宽度的五分之一。作为减少在光电检测器处接收的光的超宽度的结果，FBG滤光器增加了光的时间相干性。因此，FBG滤波器可以确保检测到的光足够相干，使得可以在光电检测器处检测到时间超亮纹图案。同时，在光纤中行进的光可以相对地超广泛，从而可以减少光纤中的非线性效应，例如布里渊散射。

3. 发明授权

US07872736B2 Detecting a disturbance in the propagation of light in an optical waveguide 有权
标题翻译：检测光波导传播中的干扰
公开(公告)号：US07872736B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-18
申请号：US11666939
申请日：2005-11-03
申请人： Alan John Rogers , Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
发明人： Alan John Rogers , Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01M11/3118 , G01M11/3127
摘要： An optical time domain reflectometry apparatus has a laser and light modulator for producing coherent light pulses, each having two sections of higher intensity separated by a gap of lower or substantially zero intensity. As the light pulses propagate along the optical fibre, light is continuously Rayleigh backscattered by inhomogeneities of the optical fibre. A photodetector generates backscatter signals representing the intensity of light Rayleigh backscattered in the optical fibre as each light pulse travels along the optical fibre. The PC uses these backscatter signals to derive a difference signal representing a change dI in intensity between signals generated from two successive pulses. The PC then calculates the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the difference signal averaged over the interval between the two sections of the light pulses. Next, the PC averages the backscatter signal generated from the first of the pulses over the same interval and normalises the RMS difference signal using the averaged signal to obtain a compensated difference signal that depends only on differences in the rate of change of phase of light of the light pulses as they travelled along the waveguide. This is repeated at different wavelengths to allow the compensated difference signal to be adjusted to represent the magnitude of the differences.
摘要翻译：光学时域反射测量装置具有用于产生相干光脉冲的激光和光调制器，每个相干光脉冲具有由较低或基本上零强度的间隔隔开的较高强度的两个部分。当光脉冲沿着光纤传播时，由于光纤的不均匀性，光线连续地被瑞利散射。当每个光脉冲沿着光纤传播时，光电检测器产生表示光纤背面散射光的瑞利强度的反向散射信号。 PC使用这些反向散射信号来导出表示由两个连续脉冲产生的信号之间强度变化dI的差信号。 PC然后计算在光脉冲的两个部分之间的间隔上平均的差分信号的均方根（RMS）。接下来，PC平均在相同间隔上从第一个脉冲产生的反向散射信号，并使用平均信号对RMS差分信号进行归一化，以获得仅依赖于光的相位变化率差异的补偿差分信号沿着波导行进的光脉冲。这在不同的波长下重复，以允许调整补偿差分信号来表示差值的大小。

4. 发明授权

US07940389B2 Method and apparatus for detecting pressure distribution in fluids 有权
标题翻译：检测流体中压力分布的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07940389B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-10
申请号：US11597777
申请日：2005-05-25
申请人： Alan John Rogers , Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
发明人： Alan John Rogers , Sotiris Emil Kanellopoulos , Sergey Vladimir Shatalin
IPC分类号： G01J4/00
CPC分类号： G01L11/025
摘要： A pressure sensing apparatus has a light source for transmitting pulses of light along a monomode optical fiber. The polarization of light backscattered from the light pulses in the optical fiber is detected by a polarization processing unit (PPU) and a photo detector. The optical fiber is adapted to deform asymmetrically under the influence of applied external isotropic pressure, e.g. from a fluid. The deformation causes the birefringence of the optical fiber to change proportionally to the applied pressure. The change in birefringence can be determined from the detected polarization of the backscattered light, allowing detection of pressure distribution in the fluid. Importantly, the construction of the optical fiber is such that the birefringence beat length of the optical fiber at the wavelength of light propagated by the fiber remains more than twice the spatial length of the light pulses transmitted along the optical fiber. Applications of the invention include detection of fluid flow; location of an interface between two fluids of different density; and tsunami detection.
摘要翻译：压力感测装置具有用于沿着单模光纤传输光脉冲的光源。由光纤中的光脉冲反向散射的光的偏振通过偏振处理单元（PPU）和光电检测器来检测。光纤适应于在外部各向同性压力的影响下不对称地变形。从流体。该变形导致光纤的双折射率与施加的压力成比例地变化。双折射的变化可以从检测到的反向散射光的偏振度确定，从而允许检测流体中的压力分布。重要的是，光纤的构造使得光纤在由光纤传播的光的波长处的双折射拍子长度保持多于沿着光纤传输的光脉冲的空间长度的两倍。本发明的应用包括流体流动的检测; 两种密度不同的液体之间界面的位置; 和海啸检测。

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