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1. 发明授权

US5197475A Method and apparatus for analyzing material properties using ultrasound 失效
标题翻译：使用超声分析材料特性的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5197475A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-30
申请号：US717025
申请日：1991-06-18
申请人： Peter P. Antich , James E. Dowdey , Robert C. Murry, Jr.
发明人： Peter P. Antich , James E. Dowdey , Robert C. Murry, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61B8/08 , G01N29/07
CPC分类号： G01N29/07 , A61B8/0875 , A61B8/485 , G01N2291/102 , G01N2291/269
摘要： Apparatus is disclosed for investigating the mechanical properties of a solid material such as bone, including means for positioning the apparatus in proximity to a surface of the material, at least one emitting ultrasound transducer, at least one receiving ultrasound transducer positioned to received ultrasound waves that have been emitted and have contacted the surface of the material, means for varying the angle of incidence of the emitted ultrasound wave towards the material, means for determining the alignment of the surface of the material with respect to the emitting and receiving ultrasound transdsucers, and signal analyzer means coupled to the receiving transducer for determining at least one characteristic of the received ultrasound wave which is indicative of a mechanical property of the material. A method is also disclosed of using such apparatus. The present invention permits the quick and efficient evaluation of treatment for osteoporosis, and whether that treatment has in fact reduced the tendency of a patient's bones to fracture.
摘要翻译：公开了用于研究固体材料（例如骨）的机械性能的装置，包括用于将装置定位在材料表面附近的装置，至少一个发射超声换能器，至少一个接收超声波换能器，定位成接收超声波，已经发射并且已经接触材料的表面，用于改变发射的超声波对材料的入射角的装置，用于确定材料的表面相对于发射和接收超声波转换器的对准的装置，以及信号分析器装置，其耦合到所述接收换能器，用于确定所述接收到的超声波的至少一个特性，其表示所述材料的机械特性。还公开了使用这种装置的方法。本发明允许对骨质疏松症的治疗进行快速有效的评估，并且该治疗是否实际上减少了患者骨骼骨折的倾向。

2. 发明授权

US5038787A Method and apparatus for analyzing material properties using reflected ultrasound 失效
标题翻译：使用反射超声分析材料特性的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5038787A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-13
申请号：US230845
申请日：1988-08-10
申请人： Pietro P. Antich , James E. Dowdey , Robert C. Murry, Jr.
发明人： Pietro P. Antich , James E. Dowdey , Robert C. Murry, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61B8/08 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/26
CPC分类号： G01N29/07 , A61B8/0875 , A61B8/485 , G01N2291/02827 , G01N2291/02872 , G01N2291/102 , G01N2291/269
摘要： A method and apparatus which assesses the mechanical properties of a material by launching an ultrasound signal at the material while varying the angle of incidence and analyzing the amplitude of the ultrasound wave reflected by the material. The method and apparatus correlates extrema (maxima or minima inflection points) in the reflected angle with the angle of incidence of the transmitted signal to identify critical angles of incidence. The velocity of the pressure wave in the material has been found to be a function of a first critical angle corresponding to a first maxima as the angle of incidence is increased in the range 0.degree.-90.degree.. The velocity of the shear wave in the material has been found to be a function of a second critical angle corresponding to a second maxima following the first maxima. Young's modulus of elasticity, Poisson's modulus, and density can be approximated using the velocity of the pressure wave and shear wave for isotropic materials. A third critical angle corresponding to a minima after the first critical angle (reflected amplitude approaching o) has been found particularly useful in conjunction with the first and second critical angles in assessing bone density and in determining whether the second critical point is at a maximum or an inflection point. The extension of the method in which the plane of scattering is rotated around the normal to bone while keeping the point of observation fixed has been found particularly useful in assessing the mechanical properties of anisotropic materials such as cortical bone.
摘要翻译：一种通过在材料上发射超声信号同时改变入射角并分析由材料反射的超声波的振幅来评估材料的机械性能的方法和装置。该方法和装置将反射角中的极值（最大值或最小拐点）与发射信号的入射角相关联，以确定临界入射角。已经发现材料中的压力波的速度是对应于第一最大值的第一临界角的函数，因为入射角在0°-90°的范围内增加。已经发现材料中剪切波的速度是对应于第一最大值之后的第二最大值的第二临界角的函数。杨氏弹性模量，泊松模量和密度可以使用各向同性材料的压力波和剪切波的速度近似。在第一临界角（反射幅度接近o）之后，对应于最小值的第三临界角已经被发现在评估骨密度和确定第二临界点是否处于最大值时是否与第一和第二临界角度结合起来特别有用一个拐点。在保持观察点固定的同时，散射平面围绕骨骼正常旋转的方法的延伸已经被发现在评估各向异性材料如皮质骨的机械性能方面特别有用。

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