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1. 发明授权

US06852303B2 Method of using molybdenum carbide catalyst 失效
标题翻译：使用碳化钼催化剂的方法
公开(公告)号：US06852303B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-08
申请号：US10675078
申请日：2003-09-30
申请人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Lin Gao
发明人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Lin Gao
IPC分类号： B01J23/28 , B01J27/22 , B01J27/28 , B01J33/00 , B01J35/10 , B01J38/06 , C01B3/16 , C01B3/40 , C01B3/48 , C01B31/20
CPC分类号： C01B3/40 , B01J23/28 , B01J27/22 , B01J33/00 , C01B3/16 , C01B2203/0238 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1241 , Y02P20/142 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A molybdenum carbide compound is formed by reacting a molybdate with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. By heating the molybdate powder from a temperature below 300° C. to maximum temperature 850° C., a controlled reaction can be conducted wherein molybdenum carbide is formed. A high surface area, nanograin, metastable molybdenum carbide can be formed when the reaction temperature is below 750° C. The metastable molybdenum carbide is particularly suitable for use as a catalyst for the methane dry reforming reaction and the water gas shift reaction.
摘要翻译：通过使钼酸盐与氢气和一氧化碳的混合物反应形成碳化钼化合物。通过将钼酸盐粉末从低于300℃的温度加热到最高温度850℃，可以进行控制的反应，其中形成碳化钼。当反应温度低于750℃时，可形成高表面积，纳米晶粒，亚稳态碳化钼。亚稳态碳化钼特别适用于甲烷干重整反应和水煤气变换反应的催化剂。

2. 发明授权

US5613998A Reclamation process for tungsten carbide and tungsten-based materials 失效
标题翻译：碳化钨和钨基材料的回收工艺
公开(公告)号：US5613998A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-25
申请号：US447383
申请日：1995-05-23
申请人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Li Wu
发明人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Li Wu
IPC分类号： B09B3/00 , C01B32/949 , C01G41/00 , C22B7/00 , C22B34/36
CPC分类号： C22B34/36 , C01B31/34 , C01G41/00 , Y02P10/234
摘要： Tungsten carbide and/or tungsten can be recycled by oxidizing the tungsten composition at a temperature greater than 700.degree. C. to form a water insoluble tungsten trioxide. This is then reduced to form tungsten dioxide. The tungsten dioxide is subjected to a low temperature oxidation which forms monoclinic tungsten trioxide. The monoclinic tungsten trioxide is then dissolved in ammonia to form ammonium tungstate. If present, the binder metal such as cobalt is converted into the soluble ammine complex. This can be spray dried and carburized to form tungsten carbide. If the form composition includes cobalt or other binder metal, the ratio of cobalt to tungsten can be adjusted by adding cobalt salts or ammonium metatungstate to the aqueous solution prior to spray drying to form a precursor composition. This is uniquely suitable for forming a cobalt tungsten carbide composition.
摘要翻译：通过在大于700℃的温度下氧化钨组合物可以再循环碳化钨和/或钨，以形成不溶于水的三氧化钨。然后将其还原形成二氧化钨。对二氧化钨进行低温氧化，形成单斜三氧化钨。然后将单斜晶三氧化钨溶解在氨中以形成钨酸铵。如果存在，则将诸如钴的粘合剂金属转化为可溶的氨络合物。这可以喷雾干燥和渗碳以形成碳化钨。如果形式组合物包括钴或其它粘合剂金属，则可以在喷雾干燥之前通过向水溶液中加入钴盐或偏钨酸铵来调节钴与钨的比例，以形成前体组合物。这独特地适用于形成钴碳化钨组合物。

3. 发明申请

US20090324470A1 Process for Optimizing the Catalytic Activity of a Perovskite-Based Catalyst 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于优化基于钙钛矿的催化剂的催化活性的方法
公开(公告)号：US20090324470A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-31
申请号：US12304697
申请日：2007-06-12
申请人： Houshang Alamdari , Mahbod Bassir , Purnesh Seegopaul , André Van Neste
发明人： Houshang Alamdari , Mahbod Bassir , Purnesh Seegopaul , André Van Neste
IPC分类号： B01D53/94 , B01J23/02 , B01J23/10 , B01J21/02 , B01J21/08
CPC分类号： B01J23/002 , B01D53/945 , B01D2255/402 , B01J23/83 , B01J23/894 , B01J23/8946 , B01J37/0036 , B01J37/0215 , B01J37/0219 , B01J2523/00 , Y02T10/22 , B01J2523/3706 , B01J2523/3712 , B01J2523/845
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for producing an activated perovskite-based washcoat formulation suitable for reduction of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxides emissions from an exhaust gas stream. The process includes the steps of high energy ball milling a fully synthesized perovskite structure to provide an activated nanocrystalline perovskite powder of a given surface area; mixing the activated nanocrystalline perovskite powder with dispersing media and grinding the mixture; removing partially or totally the dispersing media to obtain an activated perovskite-based catalyst washcoat formulation wherein the activated perovskite in the formulation has a specific surface area greater than that of the activated nanocrystalline perovskite powder. The process may further include a step of applying the formulation on a substrate to obtain a catalytic converter. The invention also relates to the activated nanocrystalline perovskite, the activated perovskite-based catalyst washcoat formulation, and the catalytic converter obtained thereby.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于生产适合于从排气流中还原一氧化碳，挥发性有机化合物，颗粒物质和氮氧化物排放的活化的基于钙钛矿的修补基面涂层制剂的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：高能球磨完全合成的钙钛矿结构以提供给定表面积的活化的纳米晶体钙钛矿粉末; 将活化的纳米晶体钙钛矿粉末与分散介质混合并研磨该混合物; 去除部分或全部的分散介质以获得活化的基于钙钛矿的催化剂修补基面涂层制剂，其中制剂中的活化的钙钛矿的比表面积大于活化的纳米晶体钙钛矿粉末的比表面积。该方法还可以包括在基材上施用该制剂以获得催化转化器的步骤。本发明还涉及活化的纳米晶体钙钛矿，活化的钙钛矿型催化剂修补基面涂料配方以及由此得到的催化转化器。

4. 发明授权

US5919428A Method of forming tungsten carbide particles 失效
标题翻译：形成碳化钨颗粒的方法
公开(公告)号：US5919428A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-06
申请号：US759234
申请日：1996-12-05
申请人： Lin Gao , Bernard Kear , Purnesh Seegopaul
发明人： Lin Gao , Bernard Kear , Purnesh Seegopaul
IPC分类号： B23B27/14 , C01B32/949 , C01B31/34
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , C01B31/34 , C01P2002/88 , C01P2004/64 , C01P2006/12 , Y10S977/776
摘要： Nanograined tungsten carbide particles are formed by a controlled, simultaneous reduction carburization reaction wherein the kinetics of the carburization and reduction reactions are controlled to permit simultaneous reduction and carburization. The kinetics are controlled by reacting a reduction carburization gas mixture, preferably hydrogen and carbon monoxide by slowly increasing the reaction temperature by controlling the rate of temperature increase. Preferably, the reaction temperature will be increased less than 25.degree. C. per minute, preferably about 1-2 degrees per minute, which prevents the formation of stable, undesirable species such as W.sub.2 C, which in turn interferes with the reaction efficiency.
摘要翻译：纳米碳化钨颗粒通过受控的同时还原渗碳反应形成，其中渗碳和还原反应的动力学被控制以允许同时还原和渗碳。通过使还原渗碳气体混合物（优选氢气和一氧化碳）反应，通过控制温度升高速率缓慢升高反应温度来控制动力学。优选地，反应温度将增加小于25℃/分钟，优选约1-2度/分钟，这防止形成稳定的不合需要的物质，例如W2C，这又导致反应效率的干扰。

5. 发明授权

US5230462A Method of soldering a sputtering target to a backing member 失效
标题翻译：将溅射靶焊接到背衬构件的方法
公开(公告)号：US5230462A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-27
申请号：US910644
申请日：1992-07-08
申请人： Milan Vascak , Anthony Sica , Purnesh Seegopaul
发明人： Milan Vascak , Anthony Sica , Purnesh Seegopaul
IPC分类号： B23K1/00 , B23K1/08 , C23C14/34
CPC分类号： C23C14/3407 , B23K1/0016 , B23K1/08
摘要： A method of bonding a sputtering target to a backing member or plate for subsequent use in a sputtering operation. A target and a backing plate are first provided and one face of each of the target and backing plate are wetted with solder. The target and backing plate are then submerged in a solder bath, and the wetted faces of the target and backing plate are pressed into contact. The target and backing plate are then removed from the solder bath and while maintaining them pressed together, the solder interface therebetween is cooled directionally by causing cooling to occur from the center of the solder interface radially outwardly toward the periphery. The lowermost of the target and backing plate is provided with a circumferential lip adjacent the periphery of the solder interface. When the target and backing plate are removed from the solder bath the lip acts as a solder collector and provides a solder reservoir for supplying the periphery of the solder interface with solder as the solder interface is cooled.
摘要翻译：一种将溅射靶结合到背衬构件或板上以便随后在溅射操作中使用的方法。首先提供靶材和背板，并且用焊料润湿每个靶材和背板的一个面。然后将目标板和背板浸没在焊料槽中，并且将目标板和背板的润湿面压制成接触。然后将目标板和背板从焊料槽中取出，同时保持它们被压在一起，它们之间的焊料界面通过从焊料界面的中心径向向外周向发生冷却而定向冷却。目标和背板的最下面设置有邻近焊接界面周边的圆周唇缘。当目标板和背板从焊料槽中取出时，该唇部充当焊料收集器，并且当焊接界面被冷却时，提供焊料储存器用于向焊料界面供应焊料。

6. 发明授权

US06524366B1 Method of forming nanograin tungsten carbide and recycling tungsten carbide 失效
标题翻译：形成纳米碳化钨并回收碳化钨的方法
公开(公告)号：US06524366B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-25
申请号：US09668114
申请日：2000-09-22
申请人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Lin Gao
发明人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Lin Gao
IPC分类号： C22B3436
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , C01B32/949 , C01P2004/64 , C22B7/006 , C22B7/008 , C22B34/365 , Y02P10/23 , Y02P10/234 , Y10S977/775 , Y10S977/843 , Y10S977/844 , Y10S977/896
摘要： Tungsten carbide is formed from a tungsten material which is preferably tungsten carbide scrap. If scrap material is used, this is oxidized and acid leached to remove impurities and any binder material. This is then dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide and spray dried to form a precursor compound. A carbon compound such as citric acid can be added to the solution prior to spray drying to provide a carbon source for the tungsten carbide. The powder formed from the spray dried solution is calcined and carburized to form tungsten carbide.
摘要翻译：碳化钨由优选碳化钨废料的钨材料形成。如果使用废料，则将其氧化并酸浸以除去杂质和任何粘合剂材料。然后将其溶解在氢氧化钠溶液中并喷雾干燥以形成前体化合物。在喷雾干燥之前，可将诸如柠檬酸的碳化合物加入到溶液中以提供碳化钨的碳源。由喷雾干燥溶液形成的粉末被煅烧和渗碳以形成碳化钨。

7. 发明授权

US06207609B1 Method of forming molybdenum carbide catalyst 失效
标题翻译：形成碳化钼催化剂的方法
公开(公告)号：US06207609B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US09412175
申请日：1999-09-30
申请人： Lin Gao , Purnesh Seegopaul
发明人： Lin Gao , Purnesh Seegopaul
IPC分类号： B01J2722
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , B01J27/22 , C01B3/40 , C01B32/949 , C01P2004/64 , C01P2006/12 , C01P2006/80 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A molybdenum carbide compound is formed by reacting a molybdate with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. By heating the molybdate powder from a temperature below 300° C. to maximum temperature 850° C., a controlled reaction can be conducted wherein molybdenum carbide is formed. A high surface area, nanograin, metastable molybdenum carbide can be formed when the reaction temperature is below 750° C. The metastable molybdenum carbide is particularly suitable for use as a catalyst for the methane dry reforming reaction.
摘要翻译：通过使钼酸盐与氢气和一氧化碳的混合物反应形成碳化钼化合物。通过将钼酸盐粉末从低于300℃的温度加热到最高温度850℃，可以进行控制的反应，其中形成碳化钼。当反应温度低于750℃时，可形成高表面积，纳米晶粒，亚稳态碳化钼。亚稳态碳化钼特别适用于甲烷干重整反应的催化剂。

8. 发明授权

US5885372A Multi-step process to incorporate grain growth inhibitors in WC-Co composite 失效
标题翻译：在WC-Co复合材料中纳入晶粒生长抑制剂的多步法
公开(公告)号：US5885372A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US733233
申请日：1996-10-02
申请人： Purnesh Seegopaul
发明人： Purnesh Seegopaul
IPC分类号： B23B27/14 , B22F1/02 , B22F9/08 , B22F9/22 , C01B32/949 , C22C1/05 , C22C29/08 , C23C8/20
CPC分类号： C22C1/056 , C22C29/08 , B22F2003/1032 , Y10S977/891
摘要： Grain growth inhibitors including vanadium carbide, chromium carbide, tantalum carbide, and niobium carbide are incorporated into a cobalt/tungsten carbide matrix during the formation of the cobalt/tungsten carbide matrix. A precursor powder is formed by combining in solution a cobalt composition, a tungsten composition and a grain growth inhibiting metal composition, which is then spray dried. The precursor compound is then carburized in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to form cobalt/tungsten carbide matrix. This is then further carburized in a hydrocarbon hydrogen gas at an elevated temperature to cause the grain growth inhibiting metal present to form the carbide. The second carburizing step is conducted with a carburizing gas having a carbon activity greater than about 2 for a relatively short period of time at 900.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C.
摘要翻译：在钴/碳化钨基体的形成期间，将包含碳化钒，碳化铬，碳化钽和碳化铌的晶粒生长抑制剂掺入钴/碳化钨基质中。通过在溶液中混合钴组合物，钨组合物和抑制晶粒生长的金属组合物形成前体粉末，然后将其喷雾干燥。然后将前体化合物在一氧化碳和二氧化碳中渗碳以形成钴/碳化钨基体。然后在烃氢气中在升高的温度下进一步渗碳，以使存在的晶粒生长抑制金属形成碳化物。第二渗碳步骤在900℃至1000℃下在较短时间内具有大于约2的碳活性的渗碳气体进行。

9. 发明授权

US5869019A Synthesis of phase stabilized vanadium and chromium carbides 失效
标题翻译：相稳定化钒和碳化铬的合成
公开(公告)号：US5869019A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-09
申请号：US720635
申请日：1996-10-02
申请人： Purnesh Seegopaul
发明人： Purnesh Seegopaul
IPC分类号： C01B31/30 , C01B31/34
CPC分类号： C01B31/303 , C01P2004/62 , C01P2006/80
摘要： In order to eliminate the oxygen sensitivity of chromium carbide and vanadium carbide particles, vanadium carbide and chromium carbide particles are formed by carburizing a precursor compound at a elevated reaction temperature of about 950.degree. C. Initially, the precursor compound is heated in an inert nitrogen-containing gas to the reaction temperature. Once the reaction temperature is achieved, hydrogen and a carbon-containing gas such as methane or ethylene are used to conduct the carbonization. After the carbonization has been completed, the carbonizing gas is then replaced with an inert nitrogen-containing gas and the product allowed to cool down. The carbonization cycle is adjusted so that the oxygen level is kept to less than 0.35%, while the nitrogen level is kept at about 2%. Powders produced from this process show minimal or no oxygen pickup when exposed to ambient air.
摘要翻译：为了消除碳化铬和碳化钒颗粒的氧气敏感性，通过在约950℃的升高的反应温度下对前体化合物进行渗碳来形成碳化钒和碳化铬颗粒。首先，将该前体化合物在惰性氮气的气体到反应温度。一旦达到反应温度，就使用氢气和含碳气体如甲烷或乙烯进行碳化。碳化完成后，用惰性含氮气体代替碳化气体，使产物冷却。调整碳化循环，使得氧气水平保持在小于0.35％，而氮气水平保持在约2％。从这个过程产生的粉末暴露于环境空气时显示出最小的或没有氧气吸收。

10. 发明授权

US5728197A Reclamation process for tungsten carbide/cobalt using acid digestion 失效
标题翻译：使用酸消解的碳化钨/钴回收工艺
公开(公告)号：US5728197A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-17
申请号：US690148
申请日：1996-07-17
申请人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Li Wu
发明人： Purnesh Seegopaul , Li Wu
IPC分类号： C01B32/949 , B22F9/24 , C22B1/00 , C22B7/00 , C22B23/00 , C22B34/36 , B22F9/00
CPC分类号： C22B1/005 , C22B23/0453 , C22B34/365 , C22B7/007 , Y02P10/23 , Y02P10/234
摘要： Tungsten carbide cobalt and tungsten-containing materials are recycled using a single high-temperature oxidation with standard dilution chemistry. The scrap material is ground, oxidized, and subjected to an acid digestion, preferably in hydrochloric acid. This causes the cobalt to form cobalt chloride while the tungsten remains insoluble. The pH is then increased to about 7.0 which causes the cobalt chloride to form cobalt hydroxide which precipitates out of solution. The cobalt and tungsten are separated and dissolved in a high-pH ammonia solution which can then be spray dried to form a precursor powder for subsequent carburization to form tungsten carbide-cobalt powders.
摘要翻译：碳化钨钴和含钨材料使用标准稀释化学物质的单一高温氧化回收。将废料研磨，氧化并进行酸消化，优选在盐酸中。这导致钴形成氯化钴，而钨保持不溶。然后将pH增加至约7.0，这导致氯化钴形成氢氧化钴，其从溶液中沉淀出来。将钴和钨分离并溶解在高pH氨溶液中，然后将其喷雾干燥以形成用于随后渗碳的前体粉末以形成碳化钨 - 钴粉末。

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