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1. 发明授权

US08855942B2 Anode bleed control strategy for improved water management and hydrogen utilization 有权
标题翻译：改善水管理和氢利用的阳极排放控制策略
公开(公告)号：US08855942B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-07
申请号：US11764089
申请日：2007-06-15
申请人： Prasad Gade , Manish Sinha , Jon R. Sienkowski , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan
发明人： Prasad Gade , Manish Sinha , Jon R. Sienkowski , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan
IPC分类号： G01N31/00 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04462 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04761 , H01M8/04992 , Y02E60/50
摘要： A control strategy for bleeding an anode side of fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system that improves water management and addresses durability and performance concerns. The method includes determining when to begin the anode bleed, typically by estimating or measuring the amount of nitrogen in the anode side of the stack. The method also includes determining when to end the anode bleed based on the volume of gas that has been bled. The method determines the mole flow rate of the anode gas flowing through a bleed valve, integrates the mole flow rate to get the number of moles of the gas that have passed through the bleed valve, determines a desired amount of moles to be bled, and ends the bleed when the actual number of moles of the gas equals the desired number of moles of the gas.
摘要翻译：用于在燃料电池系统中排出燃料电池堆的阳极侧的控制策略，其改善水管理并解决耐久性和性能问题。该方法包括确定何时开始阳极渗出，通常通过估计或测量堆叠的阳极侧的氮的量来确定。该方法还包括基于已经排出的气体的体积确定何时结束阳极流出。该方法确定流过放气阀的阳极气体的摩尔流速，将摩尔流量积分得到通过排放阀的气体的摩尔数，确定要排出的所需摩尔数，以及当气体的实际摩尔数等于所需气体摩尔数时，结束渗流。

2. 发明申请

US20090111000A1 Anode Bleed Flow Detection and Remedial Actions 有权
标题翻译：阳极出血流量检测和补救措施
公开(公告)号：US20090111000A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-30
申请号：US11928608
申请日：2007-10-30
申请人： Abdullah B. Alp , Prasad Gade , Jon R. Sienkowski
发明人： Abdullah B. Alp , Prasad Gade , Jon R. Sienkowski
IPC分类号： H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04225 , H01M8/2457
摘要： A system for bleeding the anode side of first and second split fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell system that employs anode flow-shifting, where each split stack includes a bleed valve. The system determines that one or both of the bleed valves is stuck in an open position if there is flow through an orifice and a bleed has not been commanded. A shut-off valve is then used to provide the bleed if the cathode exhaust gas is able to dilute the hydrogen in the bled anode exhaust gas. An outlet valve between the first and second split stacks is used to bleed the anode exhaust gas if the cathode exhaust gas is not significant enough to dilute the hydrogen in the anode exhaust gas. If the first or second bleed valve is stuck in the closed position, then the outlet valve is used to provide the bleed.
摘要翻译：一种用于将燃料电池系统中的第一和第二分离式燃料电池堆的阳极侧排出的系统，该燃料电池系统采用阳极流动变换，其中每个分体堆叠包括排放阀。如果流过孔口并且没有命令出血，则该系统确定一个或两个放气阀被卡在打开位置。然后，如果阴极废气能够稀释排出的阳极废气中的氢气，则使用截止阀来提供渗流。如果阴极废气不足以稀释阳极废气中的氢气，则第一和第二分裂堆叠之间的出口阀用于排出阳极废气。如果第一或第二放气阀卡在关闭位置，则出口阀用于提供出血。

3. 发明申请

US20080182142A1 Hydrogen Emissions Control During Up- Transients and Cathode Pulsing 有权
标题翻译：上变频和阴极脉冲期间的氢排放控制
公开(公告)号：US20080182142A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-31
申请号：US11669890
申请日：2007-01-31
申请人： Prasad Gade , Jon R. Sienkowski , Abdullah B. Alp
发明人： Prasad Gade , Jon R. Sienkowski , Abdullah B. Alp
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0662
摘要： A fuel cell system that controls an anode exhaust gas bleed during power up-transients. The fuel cell system includes a by-pass valve that allows compressor air to by-pass the fuel cell stack and be directly emitted into the cathode exhaust gas stream. The system detects a power up-transient by monitoring the rate of closing of the by-pass valve and the rate of change of an increase in the compressor airflow set-point. If these parameters pass a certain threshold, then the system determines that a power up-transient is occurring, and prevents an anode exhaust gas bleed for a predetermined period of time. If cathode pulsing is occurring where power up-transients come one after another, then the system will continuously reset the time period for preventing the anode exhaust gas bleed until a second time limit is reached, where the bleed is then forced.
摘要翻译：燃料电池系统，其在上电瞬变期间控制阳极废气流出。燃料电池系统包括旁通阀，其允许压缩机空气绕过燃料电池堆并且直接排放到阴极废气流中。该系统通过监测旁通阀的关闭速率和压缩机气流设定点增加的变化率来检测上电瞬变。如果这些参数通过了一定的阈值，则系统确定正在发生上电瞬变，并且防止阳极废气流出一段预定的时间。如果阴极脉冲发生在上电瞬间相继出现的情况下，系统将连续重置时间段，以防止阳极废气流失，直到达到第二个时间限制，然后强制泄漏。

4. 发明申请

US20080091188A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SURGICAL POCKET CREATION AND DISSECTION 有权
标题翻译：手术创伤和切除的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20080091188A1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-17
申请号：US11623158
申请日：2007-01-15
申请人： Prasad Gade
发明人： Prasad Gade
IPC分类号： A61B18/08 , A61B17/00
CPC分类号： A61B18/082 , A61B17/0218 , A61B17/320016 , A61B17/320068 , A61B18/1402 , A61B2017/320056
摘要： A surgical instrument for creation of tissue dissection and creation of space is disclosed. The instrument may be used any place in the body where a physician could or would use finger or instrument dissection to create a tissue pocket or space. The pocket dissector can be used under direct vision, laparoscopically, endoscopically, under fluoroscopic guidance or blindly.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于创建组织解剖和创建空间的手术器械。该仪器可以在身体中的任何地方使用，医生可以或将使用手指或仪器解剖来创建组织袋或空间。口腔解剖器可以在直视下，腹腔镜下，内窥镜下，荧光镜引导下或盲目使用。

5. 发明申请

US20070118260A1 Frequency-weighted vehicle suspension control 审中-公开
标题翻译：频率加权车辆悬架控制
公开(公告)号：US20070118260A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-24
申请号：US11284159
申请日：2005-11-21
申请人： Prasad Gade
发明人： Prasad Gade
IPC分类号： B60G17/018
CPC分类号： B60G17/018 , B60G17/0182
摘要： A procedure for synthesizing a state-feedback gain matrix for a vehicle suspension system including active suspension components such as continuously variable semi-active dampers is disclosed. Sensors and/or estimation schemes provide feedback to the controller concerning the vehicle states. A set of frequency-weighted metrics are first quantified and used as part of a full car 7 degree of freedom vehicle model to construct a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. Using commercially available software, a mixed H2/H∞ problem is iteratively solved to minimize a set of body control objectives subject to a set of physical control and wheel control related constraints to obtain data, preferably in the form of a plot of the trade-off curve between optimum wheel control and optimum body control. An initial design point is selected from the trade-off curve to calculate a state-feedback gain matrix that provides a reasonable balance between body and wheel control objectives. Additional points may be selected from the trade-off curve to iteratively provide an optimal solution.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于合成包括主动悬架部件的车辆悬架系统的状态反馈增益矩阵的过程，所述主动悬架部件例如是连续可变的半主动阻尼器。传感器和/或估计方案向控制器提供关于车辆状态的反馈。首先量化一组频率加权度量，并将其用作全车7自由度车辆模型的一部分，以构建受限多目标优化问题。使用市售的软件，迭代地解决了混合的H 2 / H∞问题，以使经受一组物理控制和车轮控制相关约束的一组身体控制目标最小化以获得数据，优选地以最佳车轮控制和最佳身体控制之间的折衷曲线的曲线图的形式。从权衡曲线中选择初始设计点，以计算状态反馈增益矩阵，从而在车身和车轮控制目标之间提供合理的平衡。可以从权衡曲线中选择附加点，以迭代地提供最优解。

6. 发明申请

US20080145720A1 Online detection of stack crossover rate for adaptive hydrogen bleed strategy 有权
标题翻译：在线检测自适应氢气排放策略的堆叠交叉率
公开(公告)号：US20080145720A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-19
申请号：US11640073
申请日：2006-12-15
申请人： Manish Sinha , Prasad Gade , Daniel Difiore
发明人： Manish Sinha , Prasad Gade , Daniel Difiore
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04432 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04104 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04462 , H01M8/04761 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A system and method for determining when to provide an anode exhaust gas bleed from a fuel cell stack as the fuel cell stack ages. The method determines the amount of nitrogen flowing from a cathode side to an anode side of the fuel cell stack. The method also determines the amount of nitrogen flowing from the anode side to the cathode side by determining a standard deviation of voltage outputs of the fuel cells, and using the standard deviation as a model for determining the leak rate of nitrogen from the anode side to the cathode side. The method determines the concentration of nitrogen in the anode side based on the nitrogen flow between the cathode and anode side, and opens a bleed valve to bleed the anode exhaust gas if the concentration of nitrogen in the anode side goes above a predetermined value.
摘要翻译：一种用于当燃料电池堆老化时确定何时提供来自燃料电池堆的阳极废气流出的系统和方法。该方法确定从燃料电池堆的阴极侧向阳极侧流动的氮的量。该方法还通过确定燃料电池的电压输出的标准偏差来确定从阳极侧到阴极侧的氮的量，并且使用标准偏差作为用于确定从阳极侧到氮的泄漏率的模型阴极侧。该方法基于阴极和阳极侧之间的氮气流量确定阳极侧的氮浓度，并且如果阳极侧的氮浓度超过预定值，则打开放气阀以排出阳极废气。

7. 发明授权

US08057941B2 Comprehensive method for triggering anode bleed events in a fuel cell system 有权
标题翻译：在燃料电池系统中触发阳极放电事件的综合方法
公开(公告)号：US08057941B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US11764074
申请日：2007-06-15
申请人： Jon R. Sienkowski , David A. Arthur , Abdullah B. Alp , Prasad Gade
发明人： Jon R. Sienkowski , David A. Arthur , Abdullah B. Alp , Prasad Gade
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/04462 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04761
摘要： A method for triggering an anode bleed from split fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell system that employs anode flow-shifting. The method requests the bleed if any one of three different conditions are met. Those conditions include that the concentration of nitrogen in the anode side of the split stacks is above a predetermined percentage, the voltage spread between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage of two fuel cells in the split stacks is greater than a predetermined spread voltage and the absolute value of the difference between the overall voltage of the two split stacks is greater than a predetermined voltage. The concentration of nitrogen in the anode can be determined in any suitable manner, such as by a nitrogen cross-over model or a sensor.
摘要翻译：一种用于在采用阳极流动变换的燃料电池系统中触发来自分离的燃料电池堆的阳极渗出的方法。如果符合三种不同条件中的任何一种，则该方法请求出血。这些条件包括：分离堆叠的阳极侧的氮浓度高于预定百分比，分裂堆叠中的两个燃料电池的最大电池电压和最小电池电压之间的电压扩展大于预定的扩展电压并且两个分组叠层的总电压之间的差的绝对值大于预定电压。阳极中氮的浓度可以以任何合适的方式确定，例如通过氮交叉模型或传感器。

8. 发明申请

US20080311442A1 Comprehensive Method for Triggering Anode Bleed Events in a Fuel Cell System 有权
标题翻译：在燃料电池系统中触发阳极爆发事件的综合方法
公开(公告)号：US20080311442A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-18
申请号：US11764074
申请日：2007-06-15
申请人： Jon R. Sienkowski , David A. Arthur , Abdullah B. Alp , Prasad Gade
发明人： Jon R. Sienkowski , David A. Arthur , Abdullah B. Alp , Prasad Gade
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04462 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04761
摘要： A method for triggering an anode bleed from split fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell system that employs anode flow-shifting. The method requests the bleed if any one of three different conditions are met. Those conditions include that the concentration of nitrogen in the anode side of the split stacks is above a predetermined percentage, the voltage spread between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage of two fuel cells in the split stacks is greater than a predetermined spread voltage and the absolute value of the difference between the overall voltage of the two split stacks is greater than a predetermined voltage. The concentration of nitrogen in the anode can be determined in any suitable manner, such as by a nitrogen cross-over model or a sensor.
摘要翻译：一种用于在采用阳极流动变换的燃料电池系统中触发来自分离的燃料电池堆的阳极渗出的方法。如果符合三种不同条件中的任何一种，则该方法请求出血。这些条件包括：分离堆叠的阳极侧的氮浓度高于预定百分比，分裂堆叠中的两个燃料电池的最大电池电压和最小电池电压之间的电压扩展大于预定的扩展电压并且两个分组叠层的总电压之间的差的绝对值大于预定电压。阳极中氮的浓度可以以任何合适的方式确定，例如通过氮交叉模型或传感器。

9. 发明申请

US20060173592A1 Control of magnetorheological mount 失效
标题翻译：磁流变安装控制
公开(公告)号：US20060173592A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-03
申请号：US10696517
申请日：2003-10-29
申请人： Prasad Gade , Sanjiv Tewani , Thomas Baudendistel
发明人： Prasad Gade , Sanjiv Tewani , Thomas Baudendistel
IPC分类号： G06F7/00
CPC分类号： F16F13/305 , F16F2230/18
摘要： A system and method of controlling engine vibration mounted within a vehicle including at least one hydraulic mount, each mount including a fluid chamber. A pair of accelerometers sense relative acceleration across the mount between the engine and the frame and generate a relative acceleration signal. A control unit is electrically connected to the accelerometers. The control unit is adapted to generate an electronic control signal in response to the relative acceleration signal. The control device is responsive to the electric control signal for controlling the damping force of the hydraulic mount. A control algorithm calibrates the control unit such that maximum vibration damping occurs at and around the engine resonance bounce frequency.
摘要翻译：一种用于控制安装在车辆内的发动机振动的系统和方法，包括至少一个液压支架，每个支架包括流体室。一对加速度计感测发动机和车架之间的安装座上的相对加速度，并产生相对的加速度信号。控制单元电连接到加速度计。控制单元适于响应于相对加速度信号而产生电子控制信号。控制装置响应于电控信号以控制液压支架的阻尼力。控制算法校准控制单元，使发动机谐振反弹频率和周围发生最大振动阻尼。

10. 发明授权

US07862941B2 Hydrogen emissions control during up-transients and cathode pulsing 有权
标题翻译：上瞬态和阴极脉冲期间的氢排放控制
公开(公告)号：US07862941B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US11669890
申请日：2007-01-31
申请人： Prasad Gade , Jon R. Sienkowski , Abdullah B. Alp
发明人： Prasad Gade , Jon R. Sienkowski , Abdullah B. Alp
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0662
摘要： A fuel cell system that controls an anode exhaust gas bleed during power up-transients. The fuel cell system includes a by-pass valve that allows compressor air to by-pass the fuel cell stack and be directly emitted into the cathode exhaust gas stream. The system detects a power up-transient by monitoring the rate of closing of the by-pass valve and the rate of change of an increase in the compressor airflow set-point. If these parameters pass a certain threshold, then the system determines that a power up-transient is occurring, and prevents an anode exhaust gas bleed for a predetermined period of time. If cathode pulsing is occurring where power up-transients come one after another, then the system will continuously reset the time period for preventing the anode exhaust gas bleed until a second time limit is reached, where the bleed is then forced.
摘要翻译：燃料电池系统，其在上电瞬变期间控制阳极废气流出。燃料电池系统包括旁通阀，其允许压缩机空气绕过燃料电池堆并且直接排放到阴极废气流中。该系统通过监测旁通阀的关闭速率和压缩机气流设定点增加的变化率来检测上电瞬变。如果这些参数通过了一定的阈值，则系统确定正在发生上电瞬变，并且防止阳极废气流出一段预定的时间。如果阴极脉冲发生在上电瞬间相继出现的情况下，系统将连续重置时间段，以防止阳极废气流失，直到达到第二个时间限制，然后强制泄漏。

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