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    • 2. 发明申请
    • Spike-timing computer modeling of working memory
    • 工作记忆的尖峰计时建模
    • US20130304447A1
    • 2013-11-14
    • US13987173
    • 2013-07-08
    • NEUROSCIENCES RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.
    • Botond SzatmáryEugene Izhikevich
    • G06F19/12
    • G16B5/00G06N3/10
    • Working memory (WM) is part of the brain's memory system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of information necessary for cognition. Although WM has limited capacity at any given time, it has vast memory content in the sense that it acts on the brain's nearly infinite repertoire of lifetime memories. As described, large memory content and WM functionality emerge spontaneously if the spike-timing nature of neuronal processing is taken into account. The memories are represented by extensively overlapping groups of neurons that exhibit stereotypical time-locked spatiotemporal spike-timing patterns, called polychronous patterns. Using computer-implemented simulations, associative synaptic plasticity in the form of short-term STDP selects such polychronous neuronal groups (PNGs) into WM by temporarily strengthening the synapses of the selected PNGs. This strengthening increases the spontaneous reactivation frequency of the selected PNGs, resulting in irregular, yet systematically changing elevated firing activity patterns consistent with those recorded in vivo during WM tasks. The computer-implemented model implements the relationship between such slowly changing firing rates and precisely timed spikes, and also reveals a novel relationship between WM and the perception of time on the order of seconds.
    • 工作记忆(WM)是大脑记忆系统的一部分,为认知所需的信息提供临时存储和操纵。 虽然WM在任何给定时间的容量有限,但它具有广泛的记忆内容,因为它对大脑几乎无限的生活记忆曲目起作用。 如上所述,如果考虑神经元处理的尖峰定时特性,则大的存储器内容和WM功能自发地出现。 这些记忆由广泛重叠的神经元组表示,这些神经元表现出刻板的时间锁定时空尖峰定时模式,称为多同步模式。 使用计算机实现的模拟,短期STDP形式的关联突触可塑性通过临时加强所选择的PNG的突触,将这样的多进程神经元组(PNG)选择成WM。 这种加强增加了所选PNG的自发再激活频率,导致与WM任务期间体内记录的激活活动模式不一致但系统地改变。 计算机实现的模型实现了这种缓慢变化的发射速率和精确定时的峰值之间的关系,并且还揭示了WM与几秒钟的时间感知之间的新颖关系。
    • 3. 发明申请
    • Methods for identifying compounds for motion sickness, vertigo and other disorders related to balance and the perception of gravity
    • 用于识别晕车,眩晕和与平衡相关的其他障碍以及重力感知的化合物的方法
    • US20030087807A1
    • 2003-05-08
    • US10255536
    • 2002-09-25
    • Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.
    • Ralph J. Greenspan
    • A61K038/00A61K049/00
    • C12Q1/6883C12Q2600/158
    • The present invention provides a method of identifying a compound that modulates a mammalian vestibular system. The method consists of administering a test compound to an invertebrate, and measuring a geotactic behavior of the invertebrate, where a compound that modulates the geotactic behavior of said invertebrate is characterized as a compound that modulates a mammalian vestibular system. The invention also provides a method of identifying a gene that modulates a mammalian vestibular system consisting of obtaining a first and a second strain of an invertebrate; subjecting the first and second invertebrate strains to conditions in which the first strain exhibits a geotactic behavior different than a geotactic behavior exhibited by the second strain; measuring gene expression levels in the first and second strains, and identifying one or more genes that are differentially expressed in the first strain relative to the second strain, whereby a mammalian gene having substantially the same nucleic acid sequence as the one or more differentially expressed genes modulates the mammalian vestibular system.
    • 本发明提供了鉴定调节哺乳动物前庭系统的化合物的方法。 该方法包括向无脊椎动物施用测试化合物,并测量无脊椎动物的地理行为,其中调节所述无脊椎动物的地理行为的化合物被表征为调节哺乳动物前庭系统的化合物。 本发明还提供了鉴定调节哺乳动物前庭系统的基因的方法,所述哺乳动物前庭系统由获得无脊椎动物的第一和第二菌株组成; 使第一和第二无脊椎动物菌株经受第一菌株表现出与第二菌株表现出的地理行为不同的地理行为的条件; 测量第一和第二菌株中的基因表达水平,以及鉴定相对于第二菌株在第一菌株中差异表达的一个或多个基因,由此具有与一个或多个差异表达基因基本上相同的核酸序列的哺乳动物基因 调节哺乳动物前庭系统。
    • 4. 发明申请
    • MOBILE BRAIN-BASED DEVICE FOR USE IN A REAL WORLD ENVIRONMENT
    • 用于实际世界环境的基于移动电脑的设备
    • US20130274919A1
    • 2013-10-17
    • US13915565
    • 2013-06-11
    • Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.
    • Anil K. SethJeffrey L. McKinstryGerald M. EdelmanJeffrey L. Krichmar
    • G06F15/18
    • G06N20/00G06F3/015G06K9/629G06N3/004G06N3/049G16H50/50
    • A mobile brain-based device BBD includes a mobile base equipped with sensors and effectors (Neurally Organized Mobile Adaptive Device or NOMAD), which is guided by a simulated nervous system that is an analogue of cortical and sub-cortical areas of the brain required for visual processing, decision-making, reward, and motor responses. The brain-based device BBD learns to discriminate among multiple objects with shared visual features, and associated “target” objects with innately preferred auditory cues. The brain-based device BBD is moveable, in a rich real-world environment involving continual changes in the size and location of visual stimuli due to self-generated or autonomous, movement, and shows that reentrant connectivity and dynamic synchronization provide an effective mechanism for binding the features of visual objects so as to reorganize object features such as color, shape and motion while distinguishing distinct objects in the environment.
    • 基于移动脑的设备BBD包括配备有传感器和效应器(神经有机移动自适应装置或NOMAD)的移动基座,其由模拟神经系统引导,该模拟神经系统是脑的皮质和皮质下皮区域的类似物, 视觉处理,决策,奖励和运动反应。 基于脑的设备BBD学习使用共享的视觉特征和相关联的“目标”对象与具有本来优选的听觉线索的多个对象之间进行区分。 基于大脑的设备BBD可以在丰富的现实环境中移动,包括由于自我生成或自主运动引起的视觉刺激的大小和位置的持续变化,并且表明可重入连接性和动态同步为 绑定视觉对象的特征,以便重新组织对象特征,如颜色,形状和运动,同时区分环境中的不同对象。