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1. 发明申请

US20110090619A1 COG Dieletric Composition For Use With Nickel Electrodes 有权
标题翻译： COG用于镍电极的组合物
公开(公告)号：US20110090619A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-21
申请号：US12945932
申请日：2010-11-15
申请人： Walter J. Symes, JR. , Mohammed H. Megherhi , Elisabeth W. J. Römer , Mike S. H. Chu , Willibrordus J. L. M. J. Coppens
发明人： Walter J. Symes, JR. , Mohammed H. Megherhi , Elisabeth W. J. Römer , Mike S. H. Chu , Willibrordus J. L. M. J. Coppens
IPC分类号： H01G4/12 , C04B35/49 , B05D5/12 , C04B35/64
CPC分类号： C04B35/486 , C04B35/49 , C04B35/6261 , C04B35/638 , C04B2235/3206 , C04B2235/3208 , C04B2235/3213 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3232 , C04B2235/3236 , C04B2235/3244 , C04B2235/3248 , C04B2235/3409 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/6025 , C04B2235/656 , C04B2235/6562 , C04B2235/6565 , C04B2235/6567 , C04B2235/6582 , C04B2235/6584 , C04B2235/6588 , C04B2235/72 , H01G4/0085 , H01G4/1227 , H01G4/30 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors which satisfy COG requirements and which are compatible with reducing atmosphere sintering conditions so that non-noble metals such as nickel and nickel alloys thereof may be used for internal and external electrodes are made in accordance with the invention. The capacitors exhibit desirable dielectric properties (high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance), excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and very good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers comprise a strontium zirconate matrix doped with other metal oxides such as TiO2, MgO, B2O3, CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, and SrO in various combinations.
摘要翻译：根据本发明制备满足COG要求并且与还原气氛烧结条件相兼容的多层陶瓷片式电容器，使得非贵金属如镍和镍合金可用于内部和外部电极。电容器表现出所需的介电特性（高电容，低损耗因数，高绝缘电阻），在高速加速寿命测试中具有出色的性能，以及非常好的耐电介质击穿性能。电介质层包括以各种组合掺杂了其它金属氧化物如TiO 2，MgO，B 2 O 3，CaO，Al 2 O 3，SiO 2和SrO的锆酸锶基体。

2. 发明申请

US20100220427A1 Lead And Cadmium Free, Low Temperature Fired X7R Dielectric Ceramic Composition And Method Of Making 有权
标题翻译：无铅，无镉，低温烧结X7R介电陶瓷组合物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US20100220427A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-02
申请号：US12681113
申请日：2008-10-27
申请人： Walter J. Symes, JR. , Mike S. H. Chu
发明人： Walter J. Symes, JR. , Mike S. H. Chu
IPC分类号： H01G4/06 , C04B35/468
CPC分类号： C04B35/4682 , C04B35/638 , C04B2235/3215 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3229 , C04B2235/3232 , C04B2235/3251 , C04B2235/3258 , C04B2235/3262 , C04B2235/3281 , C04B2235/3284 , C04B2235/3293 , C04B2235/3298 , C04B2235/3409 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/6025 , C04B2235/6562 , C04B2235/6565 , C04B2235/6567 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/785 , H01G4/1227 , H01G4/30
摘要： Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCC's) which satisfy X7R TCC requirements and which are compatible with silver-palladium internal electrodes. The MLCC's exhibit desirable dielectric properties—high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance, stable TCC—and excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers comprise a lead-free and cadmium-free barium titanate base material doped with other metal oxides such oxides of zinc, boron, bismuth, barium, titanium, praseodymium, cerium, tungsten, neodymium, tungsten, tin, niobium, copper, and/or manganese in various combinations. The dielectric ceramic materials herein can be fired at less than 1150° C. with an inner electrode having 70 wt % or more Ag and 30 wt % or less Pd to form an MLCC.
摘要翻译：满足X7R TCC要求并兼容银钯内电极的多层陶瓷片式电容器（MLCC）。 MLCC展示了所需的介电特性 - 高电容，低耗散因数，高绝缘电阻，稳定的TCC，以及在高度加速寿命测试中的出色性能，以及良好的耐电介质击穿能力。电介质层包括掺杂有其它金属氧化物的无铅和无镉钛酸钡基材，例如锌，硼，铋，钡，钛，镨，铈，钨，钕，钨，锡，铌，铜等的氧化物，和/或锰。本发明的电介质陶瓷材料可以在小于1150℃的条件下用具有70重量％或更多的Ag和30重量％或更少的Pd的内部电极进行烧制以形成MLCC。

3. 发明授权

US06185087B2 Multilayer ceramic chip capacitor with high reliability compatible with nickel electrodes 有权
标题翻译：多层陶瓷片式电容器具有高可靠性，兼容镍电极
公开(公告)号：US06185087B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09288079
申请日：1999-04-08
申请人： Hyun D. Park , Joseph D. Nance , Mike S. H. Chu , Yuval Avniel
发明人： Hyun D. Park , Joseph D. Nance , Mike S. H. Chu , Yuval Avniel
IPC分类号： H01G406
CPC分类号： H01G4/1227
摘要： Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors which satisfy X7R requirements and which are compatible with reducing atmosphere sintering conditions so that non-noble metals such as nickel, copper, and alloys thereof may be used for internal and external electrodes are made in accordance with the invention. The capacitors exhibit desirable dielectric properties (high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance), excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and very good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers preferably contain BaTiO3 as the major component and CaTiO3, BaO, CaO, SrO, Si02, MnO2, Y2O3, and CoO as minor components in such proportions so that there are present 0.1 to 4 mol % CaTiO3, 0.1 to 2 mol % BaO, 0 to 1 mol % CaO, 0 to 1 mol % SrO, 0.1 to 5 mol % SiO2, 0.01 to 2 mol % MnO2, 0.1 to 3 mol % Y2O3, and 0.01 to 1 mol % CoO. The preferred form of the invention may be sintered in the temperature range 1,250 to 1,400° C. in a reducing atmosphere having a humidified mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. Additionally, a re-oxidation procedure may be utilized during the sintering cycle to optimize the resistance of the ceramic to dielectric breakdown.
摘要翻译：根据本发明制备满足X7R要求并且与还原气氛烧结条件兼容的多层陶瓷片式电容器，以使非贵金属如镍，铜及其合金可用于内部和外部电极。电容器表现出所需的介电特性（高电容，低损耗因数，高绝缘电阻），在高速加速寿命测试中具有出色的性能，以及非常好的耐电介质击穿性能。电介质层优选以作为主要成分的BaTiO 3和CaTiO 3，BaO，CaO，SrO，SiO 2，MnO 2，Y 2 O 3和CoO作为次要成分，使得存在0.1〜4摩尔％的CaTiO 3，0.1〜2摩尔％ BaO，0〜1mol％CaO，0〜1mol％SrO，0.1〜5mol％SiO 2，0.01〜2mol％MnO 2，0.1〜3mol％Y 2 O 3和0.01〜1mol％的CoO。本发明的优选形式可以在具有氮和氢的加湿混合物的还原气氛中在1250至1400℃的温度范围内烧结。此外，可以在烧结循环期间利用再氧化工艺来优化陶瓷对绝缘击穿的电阻。

4. 发明授权

US08305731B2 Lead and cadmium free, low temperature fired X7R dielectric ceramic composition and method of making 有权
标题翻译：无铅，无镉，低温烧结的X7R介电陶瓷组合物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US08305731B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-06
申请号：US12681113
申请日：2008-10-27
申请人： Walter J. Symes, Jr. , Mike S. H. Chu
发明人： Walter J. Symes, Jr. , Mike S. H. Chu
IPC分类号： H01G4/06 , C04B35/468
CPC分类号： C04B35/4682 , C04B35/638 , C04B2235/3215 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3229 , C04B2235/3232 , C04B2235/3251 , C04B2235/3258 , C04B2235/3262 , C04B2235/3281 , C04B2235/3284 , C04B2235/3293 , C04B2235/3298 , C04B2235/3409 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/6025 , C04B2235/6562 , C04B2235/6565 , C04B2235/6567 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/785 , H01G4/1227 , H01G4/30
摘要： Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCC's) which satisfy X7R TCC requirements and which are compatible with silver-palladium internal electrodes. The MLCC's exhibit desirable dielectric properties—high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance, stable TCC—and excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers include a lead-free and cadmium-free barium titanate base material doped with other metal oxides such oxides of zinc, boron, bismuth, barium, titanium, praseodymium, cerium, tungsten, neodymium, tungsten, tin, niobium, copper, and/or manganese in various combinations. The dielectric ceramic materials herein can be fired at less than 1150° C. with an inner electrode having 70 wt % or more Ag and 30 wt % or less Pd to form an MLCC.
摘要翻译：满足X7R TCC要求并兼容银钯内电极的多层陶瓷片式电容器（MLCC）。 MLCC展示了所需的介电特性 - 高电容，低耗散因数，高绝缘电阻，稳定的TCC，以及在高度加速寿命测试中的出色性能，以及良好的耐电介质击穿能力。电介质层包括掺杂有诸如锌，硼，铋，钡，钛，镨，铈，钨，钕，钨，锡，铌，铜等氧化物的其它金属氧化物的无铅和无镉钛酸钡基材，和/或锰。本发明的电介质陶瓷材料可以在小于1150℃的条件下用具有70重量％或更多的Ag和30重量％或更少的Pd的内部电极进行烧制以形成MLCC。

5. 发明授权

US07521390B2 Ultra low temperature fixed X7R and BX dielectric ceramic composition and method of making 有权
标题翻译：超低温固定X7R和BX介电陶瓷组合物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US07521390B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-21
申请号：US11681796
申请日：2007-03-05
申请人： Walter J. Symes, Jr. , Mike S. H. Chu
发明人： Walter J. Symes, Jr. , Mike S. H. Chu
IPC分类号： C04B35/468
CPC分类号： H01G4/1227 , C04B35/4682 , C04B35/62655 , C04B2235/3215 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3229 , C04B2235/3251 , C04B2235/3258 , C04B2235/3262 , C04B2235/3279 , C04B2235/3281 , C04B2235/3284 , C04B2235/3291 , C04B2235/3298 , C04B2235/3409 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/6025 , C04B2235/6562 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/9623 , H01G4/0085 , H01G4/30
摘要： Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors which satisfy X7R and BX requirements and which are compatible with silver-palladium internal electrodes are made in accordance with the invention. The capacitors exhibit desirable dielectric properties (high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance), excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and very good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers comprise a lead-free and cadmium-free barium titanate base material doped with other metal oxides such oxides of zinc, boron, bismuth, cerium, tungsten, copper, manganese, neodymium, niobium, silver, barium, silicon and nickel in various combinations. The dielectric ceramic materials herein can be sintered together (fired) at less than 1000° C. with an inner electrode having more than 80 wt % Ag and less than 20 wt % Pd to form a multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC).
摘要翻译：根据本发明制造满足X7R和BX要求并且与银 - 钯内部电极相容的多层陶瓷片式电容器。电容器表现出所需的介电特性（高电容，低损耗因数，高绝缘电阻），在高速加速寿命测试中具有出色的性能，以及非常好的耐电介质击穿性能。电介质层包括掺杂有其它金属氧化物的无铅和无镉钛酸钡基材，例如锌，硼，铋，铈，钨，铜，锰，钕，铌，银，钡，硅和镍的氧化物各种组合。本发明的电介质陶瓷材料可以在小于1000℃下与内部电极一起烧制（烧制），该内部电极具有大于80重量％的Ag和小于20重量％的Pd，以形成多层陶瓷电容器（MLCC）。

6. 发明授权

US07318897B2 Method of removing spectator ions from aqueous suspension of solid particles 有权
标题翻译：从固体颗粒的水悬浮液中除去观察离子的方法
公开(公告)号：US07318897B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-15
申请号：US10917829
申请日：2004-08-13
申请人： Xiangdong Feng , Christopher J. Szepesi , Heber E. Rast, III , Mike S. H. Chu , James H. Adair
发明人： Xiangdong Feng , Christopher J. Szepesi , Heber E. Rast, III , Mike S. H. Chu , James H. Adair
IPC分类号： B01D11/02 , C01G23/00 , C01F11/00
CPC分类号： C01F7/34 , C01F7/46 , Y10T428/2991
摘要： The present invention provides a method of removing spectator ions and contaminants from aqueous suspensions of solid particles. In accordance with the method of the invention, the solid particles are transported across a phase boundary into a non-polar organic solvent, leaving the spectator ions and contaminants in the aqueous phase. To facilitate the efficient transportation of the solid particles across the phase boundary, the surface of the solid particles is coated with an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte. If desired, the solid particles can be recovered from the organic phase by evaporating the organic solvent.
摘要翻译：本发明提供从固体颗粒的水性悬浮液中除去观察离子和污染物的方法。根据本发明的方法，固体颗粒通过相界传递到非极性有机溶剂中，使观察离子和污染物留在水相中。为了促进固体颗粒跨越相界面的有效运输，固体颗粒的表面被两亲性聚电解质涂覆。如果需要，可以通过蒸发有机溶剂从有机相中回收固体颗粒。

7. 发明授权

US07161795B1 COG dielectric composition for use with copper electrodes 有权
标题翻译： COG电介质组合物，用于铜电极
公开(公告)号：US07161795B1
公开(公告)日：2007-01-09
申请号：US11235656
申请日：2005-09-26
申请人： Mohammed H. Megherhi , Walter J. Symes, Jr. , Mike S. H. Chu
发明人： Mohammed H. Megherhi , Walter J. Symes, Jr. , Mike S. H. Chu
IPC分类号： H01G4/06 , C04B35/46
CPC分类号： H01G4/1209 , C04B35/462 , C04B35/468 , C04B35/6262 , C04B35/62675 , C04B35/638 , C04B2235/3203 , C04B2235/3208 , C04B2235/3213 , C04B2235/3215 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3284 , C04B2235/3409 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/445 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/6025 , C04B2235/656 , C04B2235/6562 , C04B2235/6565 , C04B2235/6567 , C04B2235/6582 , C04B2235/6584 , C04B2235/6588 , H01G4/1218 , H01G4/30
摘要： Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors which satisfy COG requirements and which are compatible with reducing atmosphere sintering conditions so that non-noble metals such as copper and copper alloys thereof may be used for internal and external electrodes are made in accordance with the invention. The capacitors exhibit desirable dielectric properties (high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance), excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and very good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers comprise a composite oxide formed by calcining rare earth titanates, barium titanate, together with other metal oxides such as MgO, CaO, ZnO, MnO2, ZrO2, SiO2, Ga2O3, Nd2O3, Nb2O5, and Y2O3.
摘要翻译：根据本发明制备满足COG要求并且与还原气氛烧结条件兼容的多层陶瓷片式电容器，使得非贵金属如铜和铜合金可用于内部和外部电极。电容器表现出所需的介电特性（高电容，低损耗因数，高绝缘电阻），在高速加速寿命测试中具有出色的性能，以及非常好的耐电介质击穿性能。电介质层包括通过煅烧稀土钛酸钡，钛酸钡和其它金属氧化物如MgO，CaO，ZnO，MnO 2，ZrO 2，N 2， Nb 2 O 3，Nb 2 O 3，Nb 2 O 3，Nb 2 O 3，N 2 O 3， 2个O 2 O 3和Y 2 O 3 3。

8. 发明授权

US06828266B1 X7R dielectric composition 有权
标题翻译： X7R电介质组成
公开(公告)号：US06828266B1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-07
申请号：US10440051
申请日：2003-05-16
申请人： Hyun Park , Daniel E. McCauley , Mike S. H. Chu
发明人： Hyun Park , Daniel E. McCauley , Mike S. H. Chu
IPC分类号： C04B35468
CPC分类号： C04B35/4682 , B32B2311/22 , C03C3/091 , C03C8/02 , C03C8/14 , C04B35/63416 , C04B35/638 , C04B35/64 , C04B2235/3206 , C04B2235/3208 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3263 , C04B2235/3409 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/365 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/6025 , C04B2235/652 , C04B2235/6584 , C04B2235/663 , C04B2235/785 , C04B2237/346 , C04B2237/405 , H01G4/1227 , H01G4/30
摘要： Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors which satisfy X7R requirements and which are compatible with reducing-atmosphere sintering conditions so that non-noble metals such as nickel, copper, and alloys thereof may be used for internal and external electrodes are made in accordance with the invention. The capacitors exhibit desirable dielectric properties (high capacitance, low dissipation factor, high insulation resistance), excellent performance on highly accelerated life testing, and very good resistance to dielectric breakdown. The dielectric layers preferably contain BaTiO3 as the major component and Mn3O4 Y2O3, Ho2O3, CaCO3, SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, MgO, and CaO as minor constituents. They are batched in a proportion that there are preferably present 99.00 to 98.5 wt. % BaTiO3, 0.336 to 0.505 wt. % Mn3O4, 0.198 to 0.296 wt. % Y2O3, 0.132 to 0.198 wt. % Ho2O3, 0.199 to 0.299 wt. % CaCO3, 0.057 to 0.085 wt. % SiO2, 0.039 to 0.058 wt. % B2O3, 0.018 to 0.027 wt. % Al2O3, 0.016 to 0.025 wt. % MgO and 0.005 to 0.007 wt. % CaO. The B2O3, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, and CaO are preferably present in the form of pre-reacted glass. The preferred form of the invention may be sintered in the temperature range 1,200 to 1,300° C. in a reducing atmosphere. Additionally, a re-oxidation procedure may be utilized during the sintering cycle to optimize the resistance of the ceramic to dielectric breakdown.
摘要翻译：根据本发明制备满足X7R要求并且与还原气氛烧结条件兼容的多层陶瓷片式电容器，以使非贵金属如镍，铜及其合金可用于内部和外部电极。电容器表现出所需的介电特性（高电容，低损耗因数，高绝缘电阻），在高速加速寿命测试中具有出色的性能，以及非常好的耐电介质击穿性能。电介质层优选含有作为主要成分的BaTiO 3，Mn 3 O 4 Y 2 O 3，Ho 2 O 3，CaCO 3，SiO 2，B 2 O 3，Al 2 O 3，MgO和CaO作为次要成分。它们的分批比例优选为99.00至98.5重量％。％BaTiO 3，0.336〜0.505wt。％Mn 3 O 4，0.198〜0.296重量％％Y 2 O 3，0.132〜0.198重量％％Ho2O3，0.199〜0.299wt。％CaCO 3，0.057〜0.085重量％％SiO 2，0.039〜0.058重量％％B 2 O 3，0.018〜0.027重量％％Al 2 O 3，0.016〜0.025重量％％MgO和0.005〜0.007wt。％CaO。 B 2 O 3，SiO 2，MgO，Al 2 O 3和CaO优选以预反应玻璃的形式存在。本发明的优选形式可以在还原气氛中在1200至1300℃的温度范围内烧结。此外，可以在烧结循环期间利用再氧化工艺来优化陶瓷对绝缘击穿的电阻。

9. 发明授权

US5550092A Ceramic dielectrics compositions 失效
标题翻译：陶瓷电介质组合物
公开(公告)号：US5550092A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US386935
申请日：1995-02-10
申请人： Mike S.-H. Chu , John Bultitude , Christopher Hood
发明人： Mike S.-H. Chu , John Bultitude , Christopher Hood
IPC分类号： C04B35/46 , C04B35/468 , H01B3/12 , H01G4/12
CPC分类号： H01G4/1227 , C04B35/468
摘要： A sinterable ceramic composition which comprises a barium titanate based dielectric precursor powder which has a temperature coefficient of capacitance, TC, of .+-.15% over the temperature range -55.degree. to 125.degree. C., in admixture with from 0.25 to 2.0% by weight of an additive which is selected from the group consisting of ZrSiO.sub.4, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, precursors therefor and mixtures thereof, the composition having an average particle size in the range of from 0.6 to 0.8 micrometers and, when fired, having a dielectric constant of above 2500, a TC of .+-.15% over the temperature range of -55.degree. to +125.degree. C. and a porosity of less than 0.7% with no pores greater than 3.5 micrometers average diameter.
摘要翻译：一种可烧结陶瓷组合物，其包含钛酸钡基电介质前体粉末，其在-55°至125℃的温度范围内具有+/- 15％的电容温度系数，与0.25至2.0％的选自ZrSiO 4，Al 2 O 3，SiO 2，其前体及其混合物的添加剂，所述组合物的平均粒度在0.6至0.8微米的范围内，并且当烧制时具有介电常数在-55℃至+ 125℃的温度范围内为TC + +/- 15％，孔隙率小于0.7％，孔径不超过3.5微米。

10. 发明授权

US4540676A Low temperature fired dielectric ceramic composition with flat TC characteristic and method of making 失效
标题翻译：具有扁平TC特性的低温烧结介电陶瓷组合物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US4540676A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-10
申请号：US613250
申请日：1984-05-23
申请人： Mike S. H. Chu , Charles E. Hodgkins , Daniel C. Rose
发明人： Mike S. H. Chu , Charles E. Hodgkins , Daniel C. Rose
IPC分类号： C04B35/46 , C04B35/468 , H01B3/12 , H01G4/12
CPC分类号： H01G4/1227 , C04B35/4684
摘要： A low temperature fired ceramic dielectric composition in which the dielectric constant does not vary from its base value of over 2400 by more than 15 percent over a wide temperature range. A base ceramic preparation (a) and a ceramic flux (b), each consisting essentially of metal oxides or precursors thereof to provide in oxide form (a) 98.0 to 99 weight percent barium titanate, from about 0.97 to about 1.54 weight percent niobium pentoxide and from about 0.19 to about 0.32 weight percent cobalt oxide; (b) from about 16 to about 60 weight percent bismuth titanate, about 8 to about 52 weight percent lead titanate, about 18 to about 35 weight percent zinc oxide and about 5 to about 11 weight percent boron oxide. Manganese dioxide or precursor thereof in amount of from about 0 to 0.114 percent of the combined weight of the base ceramic preparation and ceramic flux is added to the metal oxides or precursors of the base ceramic preparation and ceramic flux and the mixture is fired at a temperature less than about 1150.degree. C.
摘要翻译：一种低温烧制陶瓷电介质组合物，其中介电常数在宽的温度范围内，其基值超过2400的值不会超过15％。一种基础陶瓷制剂（a）和一种陶瓷助熔剂（b），各自主要由金属氧化物或其前体组成，以氧化物形式（a）98.0至99重量％的钛酸钡，约0.97至约1.54重量％的五氧化二铌和约0.19至约0.32重量％的氧化钴; （b）约16至约60重量％的钛酸铋，约8至约52重量％的钛酸铅，约18至约35重量％的氧化锌和约5至约11重量％的氧化硼。将二氧化锰或其前体的量占基础陶瓷制剂和陶瓷助熔剂的总重量的约0至1.114％加入到基础陶瓷制剂和陶瓷助熔剂的金属氧化物或前体中，并将混合物在温度小于约1150℃

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