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1. 发明申请

US20160033645A1 TARGET ROTATION DETERMINATION BY DIFFERENTIAL DOPPLER EVALUATION 有权
标题翻译：通过差异多普勒评估的目标旋转确定
公开(公告)号：US20160033645A1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-04
申请号：US14450888
申请日：2014-08-04
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos
IPC分类号： G01S17/58 , G01S7/48
CPC分类号： G01S17/58 , G01S7/4802 , G01S7/4808 , G01S17/50
摘要： Systems and corresponding methods for use in measuring rotation characteristics (e.g., rotation magnitude and direction) of remote targets are provided. A laser light of a known frequency is incident upon the target and reflected. A portion of the reflected laser light is directed to detector field of view, where it is measured and analyzed. The detector field of view is divided into multiple segments, each capable of independently measuring the intensity and frequency of laser light incident thereon. The rotation magnitude of the target may be correlated with the width of the total Doppler spread of reflected light incident upon the detector. The rotation direction of the target may be correlated to a difference in the Doppler spreads measured for corresponding halves of the detector.
摘要翻译：提供了用于测量远程目标的旋转特性（例如，旋转大小和方向）的系统和相应的方法。具有已知频率的激光入射到目标并被反射。反射激光的一部分被引导到检测器视场，在那里进行测量和分析。检测器视野被分成多个段，每个段能够独立地测量入射在其上的激光的强度和频率。目标的旋转幅度可以与入射到检测器上的反射光的总多普勒扩展的宽度相关。目标的旋转方向可以与针对检测器的相应半部测量的多普勒扩展的差相关。

2. 发明授权

US06522396B1 Dual mode adaptive threshold architecture for 3-D ladar FPA 有权
标题翻译：双模式自适应阈值架构，用于3-D拉达FPA
公开(公告)号：US06522396B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US10040214
申请日：2002-01-08
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos
IPC分类号： G01C308
CPC分类号： G01S7/481 , G01S7/4873 , G01S17/10 , G01S17/89
摘要： An integrated detector and signal processor (31) for ladar focal plane arrays (30) which internally compensates for variations in detector gain, noise, and aerosol backscatter. The invention (31) is comprised of a detector element (42) for receiving an input signal, a circuit (72) for generating a threshold based on the RMS noise level of the input signal, and a circuit (74) determining when the input signal is above that threshold. The detector element (42) is physically located in the interior of the detector array (30), while the signal processing circuitry (50) is located on the periphery of the array (30). In the preferred embodiment, the signal processor (31) also includes a circuit (56) for sampling the input signal and a circuit (58) storing multiple samples, allowing for multiple returns to be detected. In the preferred embodiment, the signal processor (31) can be operated in two modes: self triggered and externally triggered (range-gate mode). In the self triggered mode, the detector continually monitors and samples the incoming signal until a return is detected (by the thresholding circuit). In the range-gate mode, the detector stops sampling when it receives a signal from an external source. Once the data has been acquired, readout electronics (66) output the stored samples along with the stored “stopped” time code to an external computer (26).
摘要翻译：用于在内部补偿检测器增益，噪声和气溶胶反向散射的变化的中空焦平面阵列（30）的集成检测器和信号处理器（31）。本发明（31）包括用于接收输入信号的检测器元件（42），用于基于输入信号的RMS噪声电平产生阈值的电路（72），以及确定何时输入信号高于该阈值。检测器元件（42）物理地位于检测器阵列（30）的内部，而信号处理电路（50）位于阵列（30）的外围。在优选实施例中，信号处理器（31）还包括用于对输入信号进行采样的电路（56）和存储多个采样的电路（58），允许检测多个返回。在优选实施例中，信号处理器（31）可以以两种模式操作：自触发和外部触发（范围门模式）。在自触发模式下，检测器连续监测和采样输入信号，直到检测到返回（由阈值电路）。在范围门模式下，当接收到来自外部源的信号时，检测器停止采样。一旦获取了数据，读出电路（66）将存储的样本与存储的“停止”时间码一起输出到外部计算机（26）。

3. 发明授权

US07505488B2 Synthetic aperture ladar with chirped modelocked waveform 有权
标题翻译：具有啁啾锁模波形的合成孔径拉达
公开(公告)号：US07505488B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-17
申请号：US10732427
申请日：2003-12-09
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos
IPC分类号： H01S3/098
CPC分类号： G01S17/895 , G01S7/484 , G01S17/003 , G01S17/102 , H01S3/105 , H01S3/107 , H01S3/1109 , H01S3/1112
摘要： The present invention uses an intra-cavity modulation approach to modulate a laser transmitter at bandwidths greater than a few gigahertz (GHz) in a non-ambiguous waveform by chirping the laser and simultaneously mode locking. Accordingly, the inventive system includes a source of a beam of electromagnetic energy; a mechanism for mode locking the beam; and an arrangement for chirping the beam. In the illustrative embodiment, the source is a laser. The mode locking mechanism may be an active element or a passive element. The beam is chirped with a translation mirror. The translation mirror may be driven with a piezo-electric drive coupled. In the best mode, the carrier is chirped with an electro-optical crystal disposed in the cavity of the laser. The laser is chirped to the free-spectral range limit, which is typically a few hundred megahertz, by scanning the optical length of the laser resonator. After simultaneously mode locking, the waveform created is a train of mode locked pulses that have an optical carrier frequency chirped in time.
摘要翻译：本发明使用腔内调制方式通过啁啾激光器和同时模式锁定来以非歧义波形来调制大于几吉赫兹（GHz）的带宽的激光发射机。因此，本发明的系统包括电磁能束的源; 用于模式锁定梁的机构; 以及用于啁啾梁的装置。在说明性实施例中，源是激光。模式锁定机构可以是有源元件或无源元件。光束与平移镜被啁啾。平移反射镜可以用耦合的压电驱动来驱动。在最佳模式下，载体用布置在激光器腔内的电光晶体啁啾。通过扫描激光谐振器的光学长度，激光器被啁啾到自由光谱范围极限，通常为几百兆赫兹。在同时模式锁定之后，所产生的波形是一系列模拟锁定脉冲，其具有在时间上啁啾的光载波频率。

4. 发明授权

US07098999B1 High-speed readout circuit and system incorporating same 有权
标题翻译：高速读出电路及其相结合的系统
公开(公告)号：US07098999B1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-29
申请号：US10794490
申请日：2004-03-05
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos , Louis F. Klaras , Jean-Paul Bulot
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos , Louis F. Klaras , Jean-Paul Bulot
IPC分类号： G01C3/08
CPC分类号： G01C3/08
摘要： A readout system for receiving return signals originating from one or more energy pulses fired toward a scene. The system includes a first mechanism for detecting energy received from the scene and providing a first signal in response thereto. A second mechanism times a rising edge and a falling edge of a pulse contained in the first signal and provides a second signal in response thereto. In a specific embodiment, a third mechanism determines characteristics of the pulse based on the second signal, which include characteristics, such as pulse width, pulse intensity, and/or pulse centroid, sufficient to generate an image of the scene.
摘要翻译：一种读出系统，用于接收从向场景发射的一个或多个能量脉冲产生的返回信号。该系统包括用于检测从场景接收的能量并响应于此提供第一信号的第一机构。第二机制乘以包含在第一信号中的脉冲的上升沿和下降沿，并响应于此提供第二信号。在具体实施例中，第三机构基于第二信号来确定脉冲的特性，该第二信号包括足以产生场景图像的诸如脉冲宽度，脉冲强度和/或脉冲重心的特性。

5. 发明授权

US06292504B1 Dual cavity laser resonator 有权
标题翻译：双腔激光谐振器
公开(公告)号：US06292504B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-18
申请号：US09268757
申请日：1999-03-16
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos
IPC分类号： H01S311
CPC分类号： H01S3/106 , H01S3/0816 , H01S3/082 , H01S3/10046 , H01S3/113 , H01S3/115
摘要： Dual-cavity resonators that may be optimized for multiple functions (operating modes). The dual-cavity resonators provide a first set of operating modes that exhibits low repetition rates (5-20 Hz), high energy per pulse, and long, pulse-width, and a second set of operating modes that exhibits high repetition rates (100-2000 Hz), low energy per pulse, and short pulse-width.
摘要翻译：可以针对多种功能（工作模式）进行优化的双腔谐振器。双腔谐振器提供了第一组显示低重复率（5-20Hz），每脉冲高能量以及长脉冲宽度和第二组显示高重复率的操作模式的操作模式（100 -2000 Hz），每脉冲低能量，短脉冲宽度。

6. 发明授权

US4662741A Linear FM chirp laser 失效
标题翻译：线性FM啁啾激光
公开(公告)号：US4662741A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US476288
申请日：1983-03-17
申请人： Robert L. Duvall, III , Maurice J. Halmos , David M. Henderson
发明人： Robert L. Duvall, III , Maurice J. Halmos , David M. Henderson
IPC分类号： G01S17/10 , G01C3/08 , G01P3/36 , H01S3/00
CPC分类号： G01S17/102
摘要： A laser radar system employing a linear FM chirp laser followed by post detection pulse compression by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. The heart of the invention is the FM chirp modulator that provides the needed tuning range and linearity for pulse compression. This modulation is accomplished by using a high pressure CO.sub.2 laser with an intracavity electric-optic modulator of CdTe. The frequency of the laser is controlled through the voltage applied to the crystal. With the performance the system offers, absolute radar ranges can be measured to 0.22 m and velocities to 0.37m/sec.
摘要翻译：一种采用线性FM啁啾激光器的激光雷达系统，接着通过表面声波（SAW）装置进行后检测脉冲压缩。本发明的核心是FM啁啾调制器，其为脉冲压缩提供所需的调谐范围和线性度。该调制通过使用具有CdTe腔内电光调制器的高压CO 2激光器来实现。通过施加到晶体的电压来控制激光器的频率。根据系统提供的性能，绝对雷达范围可以测量为0.22米，速度为0.37米/秒。

7. 发明申请

US20160033646A1 TARGET ROTATION DETERMINATION BY SPECKLE MOTION CHARACTERIZATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过特征运动表征的目标旋转确定
公开(公告)号：US20160033646A1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-04
申请号：US14451038
申请日：2014-08-04
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos
IPC分类号： G01S17/58 , G01S7/48
CPC分类号： G01S17/58 , G01S7/4802 , G01S7/4808 , G01S17/50
摘要： Systems and corresponding methods for use in measuring rotation characteristics (e.g., rotation magnitude and direction) of remote targets are provided. A laser light of a known frequency is incident upon the target and reflected. A portion of the reflected laser light is directed to detector field of view, where it is measured and analyzed. The detector field of view is divided into multiple segments, each capable of independently measuring the intensity of laser light incident thereon as a function of time. The linear rotation of the target may be determined from cross-correlation of the light intensity-time response measured at orthogonal pairs of detector halves arranged from combinations of the detector segments. The angular rotation of the target is further determined from this linear rotation.
摘要翻译：提供了用于测量远程目标的旋转特性（例如，旋转大小和方向）的系统和相应的方法。具有已知频率的激光入射到目标并被反射。反射激光的一部分被引导到检测器视场，在那里进行测量和分析。检测器视场被分成多个段，每个段能够独立地测量作为时间的函数入射到其上的激光的强度。靶的线性旋转可以根据从检测器段的组合布置的正交成对的检测器半部处测量的光强度 - 时间响应的互相关来确定。从该线性旋转进一步确定目标的角度旋转。

8. 发明申请

US20130148103A1 RANGE-RESOLVED VIBRATION USING LARGE TIME-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT LADAR WAVEFORMS 有权
标题翻译：使用大型时差产品梯形波形的方位角解析
公开(公告)号：US20130148103A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-13
申请号：US13324162
申请日：2011-12-13
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos , Jean-Paul Bulot , Matthew J. Klotz
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos , Jean-Paul Bulot , Matthew J. Klotz
IPC分类号： G01C3/08
CPC分类号： G01S17/50 , G01S17/102
摘要： In one aspect, a method includes forming range bins from range compressed data, the range compressed data comprising a train of coherent pulses formed based on a transmitted signal from a laser detection and ranging (LADAR) sensor and having a large time-bandwidth product and for each range bin, compensating for motion of the LADAR sensor, performing a Fourier transform on the compressed range data, determining a centroid of individual velocity measurements and performing Fourier transform of the centroid to determine a vibration.
摘要翻译：在一个方面，一种方法包括从范围压缩数据形成范围仓，所述范围压缩数据包括基于来自激光检测和测距（LADAR）传感器的传输信号形成的一系列相干脉冲，并具有大的时间带宽乘积，对于每个范围仓，补偿LADAR传感器的运动，对压缩范围数据执行傅里叶变换，确定各个速度测量的质心并执行质心的傅里叶变换以确定振动。

9. 发明授权

US06875978B2 Modelocked waveform for synthetic aperture ladar 有权
标题翻译：用于合成孔径的模式锁定波形
公开(公告)号：US06875978B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-05
申请号：US10099705
申请日：2002-03-14
申请人： Maurice J. Halmos
发明人： Maurice J. Halmos
IPC分类号： G01H9/00 , G01S7/483 , G01S17/00 , G01S17/50 , G01S17/89 , H01S3/098 , G01S13/00
CPC分类号： G01S17/895 , G01H9/00 , G01S7/483 , G01S17/50 , H01S3/1106 , H01S3/2383
摘要： A synthetic aperture ladar system using a mode locked laser transmitter. The inventive system (12) includes a mode locked laser transmitter (22), a receiver (40) adapted to detect signals transmitted by said laser (22) and reflected by an object (32) and a signal processor (50) for analyzing the signals. The laser (22) is particularly novel as a synthetic aperture ladar transmitter inasmuch as it includes a mode locking mechanism (180). The mode locking mechanism (180) causes the laser to output energy at all modes within the gain profile in phase with one another. The result is a series of coherent pulses which may be used for synthetic aperture ladar applications. In a particular embodiment, the present teachings are implemented in a multifunctional laser which, in its operational mode, outputs a mode locked beam for synthetic aperture ladar. In the illustrative embodiment, the laser is an erbium or erbium, ytterbium-doped, fiber pumped laser and the mode locking mechanism is a passive quantum well absorber crystal or an active acoustic crystal mounted in the laser cavity. In any event, the return signals are received and processed to extract range and cross-range imaging information. To this end, the signal processor (50) includes a range de-multiplexer (206) for organizing the return signals into range bins. For each range bin, the signal processor (50) applies a Fast Fourier Transform (210) and centroid detection algorithm (212) to extract a signal representing Doppler frequencies for each range bin. In addition, the signal processor (50) may also extract a signal representing intensity for each range bin.
摘要翻译：一种使用锁模激光发射机的合成孔径系统。本发明的系统（12）包括模式锁定激光发射器（22），适于检测由所述激光器（22）传输并由对象（32）反射的信号的接收器（40）和用于分析所述激光器信号。激光器（22）特别新颖，因为其包括模式锁定机构（180）。模式锁定机构（180）使得激光器在增益曲线内的所有模式彼此相位地输出能量。结果是可以用于合成孔径应用的一系列相干脉冲。在特定实施例中，本教导在多功能激光器中实现，该多功能激光器在其操作模式中输出用于合成孔径的模式锁定光束。在说明性实施例中，激光器是铒或铒掺镱纤维泵浦激光器，并且模式锁定机构是安装在激光腔中的无源量子阱吸收体晶体或有源声学晶体。在任何情况下，接收和处理返回信号以提取范围和跨范围成像信息。为此，信号处理器（50）包括用于将返回信号组织到范围仓的范围解复用器（206）。对于每个范围仓，信号处理器（50）应用快速傅里叶变换（210）和质心检测算法（212）来提取表示每个范围仓的多普勒频率的信号。此外，信号处理器（50）还可以提取表示每个范围仓的强度的信号。

10. 发明授权

US4666295A Linear FM chirp laser 失效
标题翻译：线性FM啁啾激光
公开(公告)号：US4666295A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-19
申请号：US627704
申请日：1984-07-03
申请人： Robert L. Duvall, III , Maurice J. Halmos , David M. Henderson
发明人： Robert L. Duvall, III , Maurice J. Halmos , David M. Henderson
IPC分类号： G01S17/10 , G01C3/00 , G01S7/28 , H01S3/00
CPC分类号： G01S17/102
摘要： A laser radar system employing a linear FM chirp laser followed by post detection pulse compression by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. The system includes an FM chirp modulator that provides the needed tuning range and linearity for pulse compression. This modulation is accomplished by using a high-pressure CO.sub.2 laser with an intracavity electro-optic modulator of CdTe. The frequency of the transmitter laser is accurately controlled through the application of high linearity, high frequency, sawtooth voltages to the two plates of the CdTe crystal, with the voltage waveform applied to one plate being out of phase with that applied to the other crystal plate. With the performance the system offers, absolute radar ranges can be measured to 0.22 m and velocities to 0.37 m/sec.
摘要翻译：一种采用线性FM啁啾激光器的激光雷达系统，接着通过表面声波（SAW）装置进行后检测脉冲压缩。该系统包括FM啁啾调制器，为脉冲压缩提供所需的调谐范围和线性度。该调制是通过使用具有CdTe的腔内电光调制器的高压CO 2激光来实现的。通过对CdTe晶体的两个板施加高线性度，高频率的锯齿波电压，发射器激光器的频率被精确地控制，其中一个板的电压波形与施加到另一个晶体板上的电压异相。根据系统提供的性能，绝对雷达范围可以测量为0.22米，速度为0.37米/秒。

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