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1. 发明授权

US06861169B2 Cogeneration of power and heat by an integrated fuel cell power system 有权
标题翻译：一体化燃料电池电力系统的热电联产
公开(公告)号：US06861169B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-01
申请号：US10141493
申请日：2002-05-08
申请人： Mark R. Hagan , Matthew H. Dorson , Lawrence G. Clawson , Michael Leschiner
发明人： Mark R. Hagan , Matthew H. Dorson , Lawrence G. Clawson , Michael Leschiner
IPC分类号： F24H1/00 , F02G5/02 , F25B27/02 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/04067 , F02G5/02 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0662 , Y02E20/14 , Y02T10/166
摘要： Interconnection layouts are described that are particularly effective in the construction of a steam reformer/fuel cell combination for providing domestic heat and/or hot water as well as electricity. A distinguishing feature of the interconnections is that they permit the operator to optimize the efficiency of operation of the integrated system, and provide a higher efficiency at optimum operation compared to prior art designs. Combinations of reformer/fuel cell systems with conventional furnaces or boilers are also described.
摘要翻译：描述了在构建用于提供家用热和/或热水以及电力的蒸汽重整器/燃料电池组合中特别有效的互连布局。互连的一个突出特点是它们允许操作员优化集成系统的操作效率，并且与现有技术设计相比在最佳操作中提供更高的效率。还描述了重整器/燃料电池系统与常规炉或锅炉的组合。

2. 发明授权

US07507384B2 Preferential oxidation reactor temperature regulation 有权
标题翻译：优先氧化反应器温度调节
公开(公告)号：US07507384B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-24
申请号：US10463763
申请日：2003-06-13
申请人： Darryl Pollica , William F. Northrop , Chunming (Frank C.) Qi , Mark R. Hagan , Alexis Smith , Lawrence Clawson
发明人： Darryl Pollica , William F. Northrop , Chunming (Frank C.) Qi , Mark R. Hagan , Alexis Smith , Lawrence Clawson
IPC分类号： B01J8/04
CPC分类号： C10K3/04 , B01J8/0449 , B01J8/0496 , B01J12/007 , B01J19/249 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/00522 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00539 , B01J2208/00628 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2458 , B01J2219/2462 , B01J2219/2466 , B01J2219/2474 , B01J2219/2479 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/1614 , F28D7/005 , F28D7/08 , F28F9/02 , F28F9/26 , H01M8/0668
摘要： According to the present invention, a temperature profile within a preferential oxidation reactor is controlled using a two phase water/steam system to provide a temperature range within the reactor (10) which favors the selective oxidation of CO in a hydrogen rich reformate stream. The reformate is flowed in a mixture with oxygen over a preferential oxidation catalyst (17). The temperature profile is controlled by flowing a stream of water proximate to the preferential oxidation catalyst (17) so as the stream of water and the reformate stream passing over the catalyst (17) are in a heat transfer arrangement. The stream of water is maintained as a two phase stream from a point at which the water reaches its boiling temperature to a point proximate an outlet from which the stream of water exits the reactor (10).
摘要翻译：根据本发明，使用两相水/蒸汽系统来控制优先氧化反应器内的温度分布，以提供反应器（10）内的温度范围，其有利于富氢重整产物流中CO的选择性氧化。重整产物在优先氧化催化剂（17）上与氧气混合流动。温度分布通过使靠近优先氧化催化剂（17）的水流流动来控制，因为流过催化剂（17）的水流和重整产物流处于传热装置。水流作为两相流从水到达其沸腾温度的点保持为靠近出口的点，水流从反应器（10）排出。

3. 发明授权

US07367996B2 Heat transfer optimization in multi shelled reformers 有权
标题翻译：多层转炉中的热传递优化
公开(公告)号：US07367996B2
公开(公告)日：2008-05-06
申请号：US10012195
申请日：2001-12-05
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Mark R. Hagan , Chunming Frank Qi , William F. Northrop
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Mark R. Hagan , Chunming Frank Qi , William F. Northrop
IPC分类号： B01J7/00 , B01J19/00
CPC分类号： F28D7/103 , B01J8/0438 , B01J8/0496 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2219/00117 , B01J2219/00157 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/182 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/0894 , C01B2203/1058 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/107 , C01B2203/82 , F28D7/0066 , F28F9/02 , F28F13/12 , F28F2240/00 , Y02E60/324 , Y02P20/128
摘要： A hydrocarbon fuel processing reactor for generating a hydrogen-enriched reformate from hydrocarbons is disclosed. A plurality of shells are arranged coaxially having a gap defined between each of the successive shells, thereby forming a plurality of coaxial zones. The shells are configured to permit heat transfer from one zone to another. Fluid streams for reactions within the reactor are preheated by heat transfer from adjacent zones.
摘要翻译：公开了一种从碳氢化合物产生富氢重整油的碳氢化合物燃料处理反应器。多个壳体同轴布置，在每个连续的壳体之间具有限定的间隙，由此形成多个同轴区域。壳体构造成允许从一个区域到另一个区域的热传递。用于反应器内的反应的流体流通过从相邻区域传热来预热。

4. 发明授权

US06641625B1 Integrated hydrocarbon reforming system and controls 有权
标题翻译：综合碳氢化合物重整系统和控制
公开(公告)号：US06641625B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-04
申请号：US09563677
申请日：2000-05-02
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Matthew H. Dorson , William L. Mitchell , Brian J. Nowicki , Johannes Thijssen , Robert Davis , Christopher Papile , Jennifer W. Rumsey , Nathan Longo , James C. Cross, III , Vincent Rizzo , Gunther Kleeburg , Michael Rindone , Stephen G. Block , Maria Sun , Brian D. Morriseau , Mark R. Hagan , Brian Bowers
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Matthew H. Dorson , William L. Mitchell , Brian J. Nowicki , Johannes Thijssen , Robert Davis , Christopher Papile , Jennifer W. Rumsey , Nathan Longo , James C. Cross, III , Vincent Rizzo , Gunther Kleeburg , Michael Rindone , Stephen G. Block , Maria Sun , Brian D. Morriseau , Mark R. Hagan , Brian Bowers
IPC分类号： B01J804
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J8/0419 , B01J8/0496 , B01J2208/00044 , B01J2208/0007 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/00495 , B01J2208/0061 , B01J2219/00006 , C01B3/36 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/386 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0255 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/04 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/045 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0833 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/0872 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/0894 , C01B2203/1011 , C01B2203/1023 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1047 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1058 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1082 , C01B2203/1229 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/1276 , C01B2203/1282 , C01B2203/1288 , C01B2203/1294 , C01B2203/141 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/143 , C01B2203/146 , C01B2203/147 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1604 , C01B2203/1609 , C01B2203/1614 , C01B2203/1619 , C01B2203/1623 , C01B2203/1628 , C01B2203/1633 , C01B2203/1638 , C01B2203/1652 , C01B2203/1661 , C01B2203/1676 , C01B2203/1685 , C01B2203/169 , C01B2203/1695 , C01B2203/80 , C01B2203/82 , H01M8/0612 , Y02P20/128
摘要： A hydrocarbon reformer system including a first reactor configured to generate hydrogen-rich reformate by carrying out at least one of a non-catalytic thermal partial oxidation, a catalytic partial oxidation, a steam reforming, and any combinations thereof, a second reactor in fluid communication with the first reactor to receive the hydrogen-rich reformate, and having a catalyst for promoting a water gas shift reaction in the hydrogen-rich reformate, and a heat exchanger having a first mass of two-phase water therein and configured to exchange heat between the two-phase water and the hydrogen-rich reformate in the second reactor, the heat exchanger being in fluid communication with the first reactor so as to supply steam to the first reactor as a reactant is disclosed. The disclosed reformer includes an auxiliary reactor configured to generate heated water/steam and being in fluid communication with the heat exchanger of the second reactor to supply the heated water/steam to the heat exchanger.
摘要翻译：一种烃重整器系统，包括通过进行非催化热部分氧化，催化部分氧化，蒸汽重整及其任何组合中的至少一种而产生富氢重整产物的第一反应器，流体连通的第二反应器其中第一反应器接收富氢重整产物，并且具有用于促进富氢重整产物中的水煤气变换反应的催化剂，以及具有第一质量二相水的热交换器，其被配置为在所述第二反应器中的所述两相水和富氢重整产物，所述热交换器与所述第一反应器流体连通，以便将作为反应物的蒸汽供应到所述第一反应器。所公开的重整器包括配置成产生加热的水/蒸汽并与第二反应器的热交换器流体连通的辅助反应器，以将加热的水/蒸汽供应到热交换器。

5. 发明授权

US06921595B2 Joint-cycle high-efficiency fuel cell system with power generating turbine 有权
标题翻译：具有发电涡轮机的联合循环高效燃料电池系统
公开(公告)号：US06921595B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-26
申请号：US09870412
申请日：2001-05-30
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Mark R. Hagan
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Mark R. Hagan
IPC分类号： H01M8/06 , F02C3/22 , H01M20060101 , H01M2/00 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04089 , H01M2250/407 , Y02E60/563
摘要： The efficiency of a combination reformer/fuel cell system is significantly improved by recapturing the energy value of heat generated in the fuel cell and producing additional power. The cooling water from the fuel cell is mixed, entirely or in part, with sufficient or excess compressed air, and at least partially evaporates in the compressed air. The air is at least sufficient to support the oxidative reactions in the fuel cell and also to serve as oxidant in a burner that provides heat to reform fuel/steam mixtures into hydrogen-containing reformate. This air/steam mixture, after leaving the fuel cell, is further heated by heat exchange with the reformate stream and reformate-producing modules, and with the exhaust stream of the burner. The steam/air mixture is injected into the burner, optionally after superheating in the burner exhaust, and is reacted with fuel in the burner. The burner exhaust may be used to provide heat to a fuel reforming reaction. The high-temperature burner exhaust may also be used to drive an expander, preferably a turbine, at a location in the system which is downstream of the burner, but in which the exhaust is at a high temperature so as to run the turbine efficiently. The turbine recovers heat energy from the fuel cell as mechanical energy, typically in excess of the energy required to run a compressor, because of the addition of steam to the compressed air. Moreover, system heat removal elements, such as radiators, as well as overall system size and cost, can be markedly reduced for a given level of output.
摘要翻译：通过重新获得在燃料电池中产生的热量的能量值并产生额外的功率，组合重整器/燃料电池系统的效率显着提高。来自燃料电池的冷却水全部或部分地与足够的或过量的压缩空气混合，并且在压缩空气中至少部分蒸发。空气至少足以支持燃料电池中的氧化反应，并且还用作燃烧器中的氧化剂，燃烧器提供热量以将燃料/蒸气混合物重整成含氢重整产物。离开燃料电池后的空气/蒸汽混合物通过与重整产物流和重整产生模块的热交换以及与燃烧器的排气流进一步加热。将蒸气/空气混合物注入燃烧器中，任选地在燃烧器排气中过热后，与燃烧器中的燃料反应。燃烧器排气可以用于向燃料重整反应提供热量。高温燃烧器排气也可以用于在燃烧器下游的系统中的一个位置处驱动膨胀机，优选涡轮机，其中排气处于高温，以有效地运行涡轮机。由于向压缩空气中加入蒸汽，涡轮机以机械能（通常超过运行压缩机所需的能量）恢复来自燃料电池的热能。此外，对于给定的输出水平，系统除热元件（例如散热器）以及总体系统尺寸和成本可以显着降低。

6. 发明授权

US06916564B2 High-efficiency fuel cell power system with power generating expander 有权
标题翻译：具有发电扩张器的高效燃料电池电力系统
公开(公告)号：US06916564B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US10335538
申请日：2002-12-31
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Christopher J. O'Brien , Mark R. Hagan
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson , Christopher J. O'Brien , Mark R. Hagan
IPC分类号： H01M20060101 , H01M2/00 , H01M2/02 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/14 , H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04111 , H01M8/04126 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/402 , H01M2250/407 , Y02B90/12 , Y02E60/563
摘要： A hydrogen fuel cell power system having improved efficiency comprises a fuel cell, a source of hydrogen gas, a compressor for creating a pressurized air stream, and a liquid supply which is heated by waste heat form the power system and evaporates into the pressurized air stream to produce a pressurized air and steam mixture. The pressurized air/steam mixture, which is preferably used as the oxidant in the fuel cell, is combusted with fuel in a burner to produce a high-temperature steam-laden exhaust stream. The high-temperature steam-laden exhaust stream drives an expander to produce a power output, and a power take-off from the expander uses the expander power to, for instance, drive an electrical generator, or drive other system components. The evaporation of liquid can take place external to the fuel cell, or can take place directly within the fuel cell, preferably using a cooling liquid that is directly injected into the fuel cell. The fuel cell power system advantageously uses the low-temperature waste heat of the fuel cell to evaporate liquid into the pressurized air, resulting in a steam/air mixture having a relatively large expansion potential.The systems and related methods of the invention are applicable to a wide range of fuel cell power systems, including a “pure” or “non-hybrid” fuel cell power system, powered by hydrogen from either an external source, such as a hydrogen storage tank, or from “direct” reforming of a fuel at the anode. The invention is also applicable to integrated or “hybridized” fuel cell power systems which contain a local fuel reformer. In these systems, the fuel cell is powered by hydrogen-containing reformate generated by the reformer.
摘要翻译：具有提高效率的氢燃料电池电力系统包括燃料电池，氢气源，用于产生加压空气流的压缩机，以及由废热加热形成电力系统并蒸发成加压空气流的液体供应源以产生加压的空气和蒸汽混合物。优选用作燃料电池中的氧化剂的加压空气/蒸汽混合物在燃烧器中与燃料一起燃烧以产生高温蒸汽负载排气流。高温蒸汽排气流驱动膨胀机以产生动力输出，并且来自膨胀机的动力输出使用膨胀机动力来例如驱动发电机或驱动其他系统部件。液体的蒸发可以在燃料电池的外部进行，或者可以直接在燃料电池内进行，优选使用直接喷射到燃料电池中的冷却液。燃料电池电力系统有利地使用燃料电池的低温余热将液体蒸发到加压空气中，导致具有相对较大膨胀电位的蒸汽/空气混合物。本发明的系统和相关方法适用于各种各样的燃料电池电力系统，包括“纯”或“非混合”燃料电池电力系统，其由来自外部源的氢气供电，诸如氢存储罐或从阳极“燃料”直接重整。本发明也适用于含有局部燃料重整器的集成或“混合”燃料电池电力系统。在这些系统中，燃料电池由重整器产生的含氢重整产物提供动力。

7. 发明授权

US06524550B1 Process for converting carbon monoxide and water in a reformate stream 有权
标题翻译：在重整油流中转化一氧化碳和水的方法
公开(公告)号：US06524550B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-25
申请号：US09562789
申请日：2000-05-02
申请人： Prashant S. Chintawar , Craig Thompson , Mark R. Hagan
发明人： Prashant S. Chintawar , Craig Thompson , Mark R. Hagan
IPC分类号： C01B316
CPC分类号： B01J21/066 , B01J8/04 , B01J19/0013 , B01J21/06 , B01J23/40 , B01J35/002 , B01J35/0026 , B01J35/1014 , B01J35/1038 , B01J35/1061 , B01J2208/00141 , B01J2208/00548 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/386 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/025 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1011 , C01B2203/1017 , C01B2203/1023 , C01B2203/1029 , C01B2203/1047 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/107 , C01B2203/1082 , C01B2203/1205 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/1604 , C01B2203/1614 , C01B2203/169 , C01B2203/82 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A process for converting carbon monoxide and water in a reformate stream into carbon dioxide and hydrogen comprising: generating a reformate by reacting a hydrocarbon via partial oxidation, steam reforming, or both, including autothermal reforming; and promoting a water gas shift in the reformate in the presence of a platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium and mixtures thereof, supported on zirconium oxide. The platinum group metal advantageously may be supported directly on a monolithic substrate composed of zirconium oxide.
摘要翻译：一种将重整产品流中的一氧化碳和水转化为二氧化碳和氢气的方法，包括：通过部分氧化，蒸汽重整或二者的烃反应生成重整产物，包括自热重整; 并且在负载在氧化锆上的选自铂，钯，铱，锇，铑及其混合物的铂族金属的存在下促进重整产品中的水煤气变化。铂族金属有利地可以直接负载在由氧化锆组成的整体式衬底上。

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