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1. 发明授权

US5761326A Method and apparatus for machine vision classification and tracking 失效
标题翻译：机器视觉分类和跟踪的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5761326A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-02
申请号：US429943
申请日：1995-04-27
申请人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny , Michelle C. Granholm , Belayneh W. Million
发明人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny , Michelle C. Granholm , Belayneh W. Million
IPC分类号： H04N7/18 , G06T1/00 , G06T7/00 , G08G1/015 , G08G1/04 , G06K9/00 , G06K9/48 , G08G1/054 , H04N9/47
CPC分类号： G08G1/04 , G08G1/015 , Y10S706/905
摘要： A method and apparatus for classification and tracking objects in three-dimensional space is described. A machine vision system acquires images from roadway scenes and processes the images by analyzing the intensities of edge elements within the image. The system then applies fuzzy set theory to the location and angles of each pixel after the pixel intensities have been characterized by vectors. A neural network interprets the data created by the fuzzy set operators and classifies objects within the roadway scene. The system can also track objects within the roadway scene, such as vehicles, by forecasting potential track regions and then calculating match scores for each potential track region based on how well the edge elements from the target track regions match those from the source region as weighted by the extent the edge elements have moved.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于在三维空间中分类和跟踪对象的方法和装置。机器视觉系统通过分析图像内的边缘元素的强度来从道路场景获取图像并处理图像。然后系统将像素强度用向量表征后的模糊集理论应用于每个像素的位置和角度。神经网络解释由模糊集运算符创建的数据，并对道路场景内的对象进行分类。该系统还可以通过预测潜在的轨道区域来跟踪道路场景内的对象，例如车辆，然后基于来自目标轨道区域的边缘元素与来自源区域的边缘元素的匹配程度来计算每个潜在轨迹区域的匹配分数，边缘元素移动的程度。

2. 发明授权

US5684898A Method and apparatus for background determination and subtraction for a monocular vision system 失效
标题翻译：用于单目视觉系统的背景确定和减法的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5684898A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US458577
申请日：1995-06-01
申请人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny
发明人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny
IPC分类号： H04N5/262 , G01V8/10 , G06T1/00 , G06T7/20 , G08G1/04 , G08G1/0969 , G06K9/38
CPC分类号： G08G1/04 , G01V8/10
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing a background image from a plurality of images of a scene and for subtracting a background image from an input image are described. A background image is produced by dividing an image into subimages, acquiring reference subimages for each subimage location and comparing subsequent subimages with the reference subimage to determine if any objects have passed between the reference subimage and the video camera that acquired images. When objects have passed between the reference subimage and the video camera, the reference subimage is designated as background and stored in a background image. Background portions of an input image can be removed or their intensity diminished with a background image. Foreground weights can be determined by comparing the difference between a background image and an input image. To the extent that corresponding pixels are the same, the pixel is given a low foreground weight, indicating that the pixel is a background weight. The background subtraction method can further employ a weighting curve to take into account noise considerations. The foreground weights are then applied to an input image to diminish or remove pixels in the background.
摘要翻译：描述用于从场景的多个图像生成背景图像并从输入图像中减去背景图像的方法和装置。通过将图像划分为子图像，获取每个子图像位置的参考子图像并将后续子图像与参考子图像进行比较以确定在参考子图像和获取图像的摄像机之间是否有任何对象已经通过，从而产生背景图像。当对象在参考子图像和摄像机之间通过时，参考子图像被指定为背景并存储在背景图像中。输入图像的背景部分可以被去除，或者它们的强度随着背景图像而减弱。前景权重可以通过比较背景图像和输入图像之间的差异来确定。在相应像素相同的程度上，像素被给予低的前景权重，指示像素是背景权重。背景减除方法可以进一步采用加权曲线来考虑噪声考虑。然后将前景权重应用于输入图像以减少或去除背景中的像素。

3. 发明授权

US5621645A Automated lane definition for machine vision traffic detector 失效
标题翻译：机器视觉流量检测器的自动车道定义
公开(公告)号：US5621645A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-15
申请号：US377711
申请日：1995-01-24
申请人： Mark J. Brady
发明人： Mark J. Brady
IPC分类号： H04N7/18 , B60W30/00 , G06T1/00 , G08G1/04 , G08G1/16
CPC分类号： G08G1/04
摘要： A method and apparatus defines boundaries of the roadway and the lanes therein from images provided by video. The images of the roadway are analyzed by measuring motion between images and detecting edges within motion images to locate edges moving parallel to the motion of the objects, such as vehicles, thereby defining the approximate boundaries of a lane or roadway. A curve is then generated based on the approximate boundaries to define the boundaries of the lane or roadway.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置根据视频提供的图像来定义道路和车道的边界。通过测量图像之间的运动和检测运动图像内的边缘来分析道路的图像，以定位平行于诸如车辆的物体运动的边缘，从而定义车道或道路的大致边界。然后基于大致边界生成曲线以定义车道或道路的边界。

4. 发明授权

US5467634A Method and apparatus for calibrating three-dimensional space for machine vision applications 失效
标题翻译：用于校准机器视觉应用的三维空间的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5467634A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-21
申请号：US422263
申请日：1995-04-14
申请人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny
发明人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny
IPC分类号： G01B11/02 , G01P21/02 , G08G1/04 , G01C25/00
CPC分类号： G08G1/04 , G01B11/022 , G01P21/02
摘要： A calibration apparatus for calibrating three-dimensional space for a machine vision system and a method for using the calibration apparatus for calibrating the machine vision system are disclosed. The calibration apparatus comprises pairs of indicators, such as lights, mounted on a frame, each pair of lights separated by a known horizontal distance. The calibration apparatus may be mounted on the back of a vehicle that moves the apparatus through a roadway scene at a known speed. A machine vision system tracks the calibration apparatus, specifically the pairs of lights mounted on the frame, and maps the pixel space of the machine vision system to three-dimensional space.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于校准机器视觉系统的三维空间的校准装置和使用校准装置校准机器视觉系统的方法。校准装置包括安装在框架上的成对的诸如灯的指示器，每对灯分开已知的水平距离。校准装置可以安装在车辆的后部，其以已知的速度使设备移动通过道路场景。机器视觉系统跟踪校准装置，特别是安装在框架上的灯对，并将机器视觉系统的像素空间映射到三维空间。

5. 发明授权

US6167390A Facet classification neural network 失效
标题翻译：方面分类神经网络
公开(公告)号：US6167390A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-26
申请号：US163825
申请日：1993-12-08
申请人： Mark J. Brady , Belayneh W. Million , John T. Strand
发明人： Mark J. Brady , Belayneh W. Million , John T. Strand
IPC分类号： G06F15/18 , G06K9/62 , G06K9/64 , G06N3/00 , G06N3/04
CPC分类号： G06K9/6272
摘要： A classification neural network for piecewise linearly separating an input space to classify input patterns is described. The multilayered neural network comprises an input node, a plurality of difference nodes in a first layer, a minimum node, a plurality of perceptron nodes in a second layer and an output node. In operation, the input node broadcasts the input pattern to all of the difference nodes. The difference nodes, along with the minimum node, identify in which vornoi cell of the piecewise linear separation the input pattern lies. The difference node defining the vornoi cell localizes input pattern to a local coordinate space and sends it to a corresponding perceptron, which produces a class designator for the input pattern.
摘要翻译：描述了用于分段线性分离输入空间以分类输入模式的分类神经网络。多层神经网络包括输入节点，第一层中的多个差分节点，最小节点，第二层中的多个感知节点和输出节点。在操作中，输入节点将输入模式广播到所有差分节点。差分节点以及最小节点识别输入模式所在的分段线性分离的哪个单元格。限定vornoi单元的差异节点将输入模式定位到局部坐标空间，并将其发送到相应的感知器，该感知器产生输入模式的类指示符。

6. 发明授权

US5892838A Biometric recognition using a classification neural network 失效
标题翻译：使用分类神经网络的生物识别识别
公开(公告)号：US5892838A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-06
申请号：US664215
申请日：1996-06-11
申请人： Mark J. Brady
发明人： Mark J. Brady
IPC分类号： G06T7/00 , G06K9/00 , G06K9/46 , G06K9/62
CPC分类号： G06K9/00067
摘要： A biometric recognition system involves two phases: creation of a master pattern set of authorized users biometric indicia and authentication using a classification neural network. To create the master pattern set, an image of an authorized biometric user's indicia is divided into a plurality of regions of interest or "features". The system determines which features are the most useful for identification purposes. Master patterns are then created from these master features, thus creating a master pattern set. During authentication, a sample pattern set of a user to be authenticated is similarly created. A neural network is used to compare the sample pattern set with the master pattern set to determine whether the user should be authenticated.
摘要翻译：生物识别系统涉及两个阶段：使用分类神经网络创建授权用户生物识别标记的主模式集合和认证。为了创建主模式集合，授权的生物特征用户的标记的图像被分成多个感兴趣的区域或“特征”。系统确定哪些特征对于识别目的是最有用的。然后从这些主要功能中创建主模式，从而创建主模式集。在认证期间，类似地创建要认证的用户的样本模式集合。使用神经网络将样本模式集与主模式集进行比较，以确定用户是否应该被认证。

7. 发明授权

US5473931A Method and apparatus for calibrating three-dimensional space for machine vision applications 失效
公开(公告)号：US5473931A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-12
申请号：US422579
申请日：1995-04-14
申请人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny , Alex Rodriguez
发明人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny , Alex Rodriguez
IPC分类号： G01P3/36 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/02 , G01P21/02 , G08G1/04 , G01C25/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/022 , G01P21/02 , G08G1/04
摘要： A calibration apparatus for calibrating three-dimensional space for a machine vision system and a method for using the calibration apparatus for calibrating the machine vision system are disclosed. The calibration apparatus comprises pairs of indicators, such as lights, mounted on a frame, each pair of lights separated by a known horizontal distance. The calibration apparatus may be mounted on the back of a vehicle that moves the apparatus through a roadway scene at a known speed. A machine vision system tracks the calibration apparatus, specifically the pairs of lights mounted on the frame, and maps the pixel space of the machine vision system to three-dimensional space.

8. 发明授权

US5619616A Vehicle classification system using a passive audio input to a neural network 失效
标题翻译：车辆分类系统使用无源音频输入到神经网络
公开(公告)号：US5619616A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US232758
申请日：1994-04-25
申请人： Mark J. Brady , Michael E. Hamerly
发明人： Mark J. Brady , Michael E. Hamerly
IPC分类号： G01H3/08 , G01V1/00 , G06F15/18 , G06N3/00 , G08G1/015 , G10L15/08 , G10L15/10 , G06E1/00 , G06E3/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/001 , G01H3/08
摘要： A system for classifying vehicles based on the sound waved produced by the vehicles receives analog sound pressure levels and converts them to a power spectrum. Fuzzification functions, such as asymmetric wedge shaped functions, are convoluted with the power spectrum to create a vector that characterizes the power spectrum while reducing the dimensionality of the characterizing vector. A neural network analyzes the characterizing vector and produces a classification designator indicative of the class of the object associated with the analog sound pressure levels received by the system.
摘要翻译：基于由车辆产生的声波分类车辆的系统接收模拟声压级并将其转换为功率谱。诸如非对称楔形函数之类的模糊化函数与功率谱进行卷积以产生表征功率谱的矢量，同时降低特征向量的维数。神经网络分析特征向量并产生指示与系统接收的模拟声压级相关联的对象的类别的分类指示符。

9. 发明授权

US5434927A Method and apparatus for machine vision classification and tracking 失效
标题翻译：机器视觉分类和跟踪的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5434927A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US163820
申请日：1993-12-08
申请人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny , Michelle C. Granholm , Belayneh W. Million
发明人： Mark J. Brady , Darin G. Cerny , Michelle C. Granholm , Belayneh W. Million
IPC分类号： H04N7/18 , G06T1/00 , G06T7/00 , G08G1/015 , G08G1/04 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G08G1/04 , G08G1/015 , Y10S706/905
摘要： A method and apparatus for classification and tracking objects in three-dimensional space is described. A machine vision system acquires images from roadway scenes and processes the images by analyzing the intensities of edge elements within the image. The system then applies fuzzy set theory to the location and angles of each pixel after the pixel intensities have been characterized by vectors. A neural network interprets the data created by the fuzzy set operators and classifies objects within the roadway scene. The system can also track objects within the roadway scene, such as vehicle, by forecasting potential track regions and then calculating match scores for each potential track region based on how well the edge elements from the target track regions match those from the source region as weighted by the extent the edge elements have moved.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于在三维空间中分类和跟踪对象的方法和装置。机器视觉系统通过分析图像内的边缘元素的强度来从道路场景获取图像并处理图像。然后系统将像素强度用向量表征后的模糊集理论应用于每个像素的位置和角度。神经网络解释由模糊集运算符创建的数据，并对道路场景内的对象进行分类。该系统还可以通过预测潜在的轨道区域来跟踪道路场景内的对象，例如车辆，然后基于来自目标轨道区域的边缘元素与来自源区域的边缘元素的匹配程度来计算每个潜在轨迹区域的匹配分数，边缘元素移动的程度。

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