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1. 发明授权

US4959567A Magnetodistortive actuator with adjustable magnetic bias 失效
标题翻译：具有可调磁偏置的磁阻驱动器
公开(公告)号：US4959567A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-25
申请号：US286837
申请日：1988-12-20
申请人： Mark A. Ealey , Robert L. Lillard
发明人： Mark A. Ealey , Robert L. Lillard
IPC分类号： G02B26/08 , H01L41/12
CPC分类号： G02B26/0816 , G02B26/08 , H01L41/12
摘要： A magnetodistortive actuator includes an elongated active component of a magnetodistortive material mounted on a support and having a stationary and a movable end portion. At least one permanent magnet applied a permanent magnetic bias to the active component to bring it to a desired point of its stress/field characteristic line. The strength of that portion of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet that acts on the active component is selectively varied by changing the magnetic reluctance of a body that is accommodated in a space interposed between the permanent magnet and the active component. The active component is further subjected to a variable magnetic field generated by a solenoid surrounding the active component, so that the active component is selectively shortened and lengthened around its length corresponding to the desired point, with attendant movement of the movable end portion relative to the support.
摘要翻译：磁阻失真致动器包括安装在支撑件上并具有静止和可移动端部的磁阻抗材料的细长有源部件。至少一个永磁体将永久磁偏置施加到有源部件上，使其达到其应力/场特性线的期望点。作用在有源部件上的永磁体的磁场部分的强度通过改变容纳在介于永磁体和有源部件之间的空间中的主体的磁阻而有选择地变化。有源部件进一步受到由围绕有源部件的螺线管产生的可变磁场，使得有源部件围绕其对应于期望点的长度被选择性地缩短和延长，随着可移动端部相对于支持。

2. 发明授权

US4932119A Method of making standard electrodisplacive transducers for deformable mirrors 失效
标题翻译：制造用于可变形反射镜的标准电致变色换能器的方法
公开(公告)号：US4932119A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US329907
申请日：1989-03-28
申请人： Mark A. Ealey , Paul Davis , Richard DeVito
发明人： Mark A. Ealey , Paul Davis , Richard DeVito
IPC分类号： H01L41/083
CPC分类号： H01L41/083 , H01L41/313 , Y10S359/90 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49004
摘要： A construction for electrodisplacive transducers for use in deformable mirrors in which the transducer is assembled from two or more segments of electrodisplacive material. Each segment contains multiple stacked layers of electrodisplacive material which are separated from adjacent layers by electrodes. During manufacture the segments may be individually tested and sorted by the stroke that they produce for a given electrical input signal applied to the stacked layers. Segments are selected and fastened to each other so that the total stroke produced by the selected segments equals the stroke required from the actuator.
摘要翻译：用于可变形反射镜的电显示换能器的结构，其中换能器由两个或更多个电致位移材料段组装。每个片段包含多个层叠的电致位移材料，它们通过电极与相邻层分开。在制造期间，段可以通过它们对施加到堆叠层的给定电输入信号产生的行程被单独测试和分类。分段被选择并紧固到彼此，使得由所选择的段产生的总行程等于从致动器所需的行程。

3. 发明授权

US5037190A Fusible link actuators for deformable mirrors 失效
标题翻译：用于可变形反射镜的可熔链式致动器
公开(公告)号：US5037190A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-06
申请号：US558915
申请日：1990-07-27
申请人： Mark A. Ealey , John A. Wellman
发明人： Mark A. Ealey , John A. Wellman
IPC分类号： G02B26/08
CPC分类号： G02B26/0825
摘要： A construction for a deformable mirror is disclosed in which each of the electrodistortive actuators used to selectively impart deformations to the mirror's reflecting facesheet are mechanically fastened to the facesheet and may be disengaged from the facesheet by operating a fusible link. In one preferred embodiment the fusible link consists of a layer of thermoplastic material covering an electrical resistive element located between the top of the actuator and the point on the facesheet at which the actuator is mechanically bonded to the facesheet. Heat generated by the resistive element may be used to melt the thermoplastic material fastening the actuator to the facesheet. The second preferred embodiment provides a fusible link consisting of an electrocapacitive layer sandwiched between two electrically-conducting layers. When an electrical signal is applied to the two chemical conducting layers, the electrocapacitive layer is mechanically severed from the actuator, thereby permitting the actuator to be removed from contact with the facesheet.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于可变形反射镜的结构，其中用于选择性地赋予反射镜反射面的变形的每个电退火致动器机械地紧固到面板上，并且可以通过操作易熔连接件与面板脱离接合。在一个优选实施例中，可熔连接件由覆盖位于致动器的顶部和面板之间的电阻元件的热塑性材料层组成，致动器机械地结合到面板上。由电阻元件产生的热可用于将紧固致动器的热塑性材料熔化到面板。第二优选实施例提供了由夹在两个导电层之间的电容层组成的可熔链。当电信号施加到两个化学导电层时，电致电层从致动器机械地断开，从而允许致动器与面板相接触。

4. 发明授权

US4934803A Differential pressure deformable mirror 失效
标题翻译：差压可变形镜
公开(公告)号：US4934803A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-19
申请号：US420808
申请日：1989-10-12
申请人： Mark A. Ealey
发明人： Mark A. Ealey
IPC分类号： G02B7/18 , G02B26/06 , G02B26/08
CPC分类号： G02B26/06 , G02B26/0825 , G02B7/1815
摘要： A deformable mirror construction is disclosed in which a difference in pressure between the front reflecting surface of the deformable mirror and an enclosed chamber behind the mirror's reflecting surface is used to restore the reflecting surface to its undeformed condition after its shape has been deformed by the selective operation of one or more electrodistortive actuators. A pump is associated with the chamber to produce at least a partial vacuum in the enclosed chamber. The use of a pressure differential to influence the shape of the mirror's reflecting surface avoids the need to have the actuators fastened to the reflecting surface, thereby permitting a construction which provides for the easy replacement of actuators. A preferred embodiment of the deformable mirror includes an apparatus for circulating a coolant through the mirror's faceplate to remove heat therefrom.
摘要翻译：公开了一种可变形反射镜结构，其中使用可变形反射镜的前反射面与反射镜后面的封闭室之间的压力差，使反射面恢复其未变形状态，其形状已被选择性变形操作一个或多个电退火致动器。泵与腔室相关联以在封闭腔室中产生至少一部分真空。使用压差来影响镜的反射面的形状，避免了将致动器固定在反射面上的需要，从而可以实现简单地更换致动器的结构。可变形反射镜的优选实施例包括用于使冷却剂循环通过反射镜面板以从其中移除热量的装置。

5. 发明授权

US4861149A Magnetodistortive actuator arrangement 失效
标题翻译：磁阻驱动器装置
公开(公告)号：US4861149A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-29
申请号：US142621
申请日：1988-01-07
申请人： Mark A. Ealey
发明人： Mark A. Ealey
IPC分类号： G02B26/08
CPC分类号： G02B26/0825
摘要： A magnetodistortive acutator arrangement for a flexible mirror that is mounted on a support includes an array of magnetodistortive actuators. Each of these actuators includes an elongated core of a highly magnetically permeable material stationarily mounted on the support, centered on a longitudinal axis and having two axially spaced end portions, a solenoid coil surrounding one of the end portions of the core and operative when energized for generating an electromagnetic field which permeates the core and has a high intensity region extending beyond the other of the end portions of the core, an active member of a magnetodistortive material connected to the core and extending axially beyond the other end portion thereof at least partially through the high-intensity region of the electromagnetic field for the latter to cause a change at least the axial dimension of the active member, and a transmitting member which applies this change to the flexible mirror. The coils of adjacent actuators are axially staggered relative to one another so as not to overlap each other.
摘要翻译：用于安装在支撑件上的柔性反射镜的磁阻失真器的布置包括一个磁阻失真致动器阵列。这些致动器中的每一个包括固定地安装在支撑件上的高导磁材料的细长的芯部，其以纵向轴线为中心并且具有两个轴向间隔开的端部，围绕芯部的端部之一的电磁线圈，并且当被激励时可操作产生电磁场，所述电磁场渗入所述芯并且具有延伸超过所述芯的所述端部中的另一个的高强度区域，所述磁绝缘材料的有源部件连接到所述芯并且轴向延伸超过所述芯的另一端部至少部分地通过用于后者的电磁场的高强度区域至少引起有源构件的轴向尺寸的变化，以及将该变化应用于柔性反射镜的发送构件。相邻致动器的线圈相对于彼此轴向交错，以便彼此不重叠。

6. 发明授权

US07401932B2 High authority deformable optical system 有权
标题翻译：高权限可变形光学系统
公开(公告)号：US07401932B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-22
申请号：US11123473
申请日：2005-05-06
申请人： Mark A. Ealey , John A. Wellman
发明人： Mark A. Ealey , John A. Wellman
IPC分类号： G02B5/08 , G02B7/182
CPC分类号： G02B26/0825 , G02B7/182
摘要： A high authority deformable optical system includes an optical faceplate; a base; a plurality of circuit boards, each including at least one actuator; each actuator engaging at one end the base and at the other the optical faceplate; each printed circuit board providing conductor paths between its associated actuators and a connector device for selectively energizing the actuators.
摘要翻译：高权限可变形光学系统包括光学面板; 一个基地多个电路板，每个电路板包括至少一个致动器; 每个致动器在一端接合底座，另一端接合光学面板; 每个印刷电路板在其相关联的致动器之间提供导体路径和用于选择性地激励致动器的连接器装置。

7. 发明授权

US07192145B2 Integrated actuator meniscus mirror without reaction mass 有权
标题翻译：集成执行器弯月镜无反应质量
公开(公告)号：US07192145B2
公开(公告)日：2007-03-20
申请号：US10946799
申请日：2004-09-22
申请人： Mark A. Ealey
发明人： Mark A. Ealey
IPC分类号： G02B5/08 , G02B7/183 , G02B7/185
CPC分类号： G02B7/183 , G02B5/08 , G02B26/0825
摘要： An integrated actuator meniscus mirror includes an optical substrate having a mirror surface on one side and a support structure on the other for controllably altering the shape of the mirror surface without a reaction mass.
摘要翻译：集成致动器弯液面镜包括在一侧具有镜面的光学基底和另一侧的支撑结构，用于可控地改变镜面的形状而没有反作用物质。

8. 发明授权

US06947201B2 Transverse electrodisplacive actuator array 有权
公开(公告)号：US06947201B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-20
申请号：US10730514
申请日：2003-12-08
申请人： Mark A. Ealey
发明人： Mark A. Ealey
IPC分类号： G02B5/08 , G02B26/00 , G02B26/08 , G02F1/03 , G02F1/07 , H01L27/20
CPC分类号： H01L41/0831 , G02B26/0825
摘要： A transverse electrodisplacive actuator array for controlling the optical phasing of a reflective surface includes a support structure; a plurality of electrodisplacive actuator elements extending from a proximate end at the support structure to a distal end; each actuator element including at least one addressable electrode and one common electrode spaced from the addressable electrode and extending along the direction of said proximate and distal ends along the transverse d31 strain axis; a reflective member having a reflective surface and a mounting surface mounted on the actuator elements; and a plurality of addressable contacts and at least one common contact for applying voltage to the addressable and common electrodes to induce a transverse strain in addressed actuator elements to effect an optical phase change in the reflective surface at the addressed actuator elements.

9. 发明授权

US4923302A Method and apparatus for calibrating deformable mirrors having replaceable actuators 失效
标题翻译：用于校准具有可更换致动器的可变形反射镜的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4923302A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-08
申请号：US305671
申请日：1989-02-02
申请人： Mark A. Ealey , Victor G. Salemme
发明人： Mark A. Ealey , Victor G. Salemme
IPC分类号： G02B26/06
CPC分类号： G02B26/06
摘要： An apparatus and method for calibrating deformable mirrors having replaceable actuators are disclosed. The mirror to be calibrated is mounted on an x-y table to permit selective movement of the mirror between an actuator position adjustor means and a sensor probe which senses the extent of deflection of the mirror's reflecting surface. A light source provides a source of illumination for selectively illuminating areas of the reflecting surface in the vicinity of an actuator to be adjusted. A photodetector array receives the reflected light and transmits its output to a controller which computes the distance between the sensor probe and the reflecting surface. The controller may be used to selectively energize the actuator position adjustor means to control the extent that one or more actuators influence the shape of the mirror's reflecting surface.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于校准具有可更换致动器的可变形反射镜的装置和方法。要校准的镜子安装在x-y台上，以允许镜子在致动器位置调节器装置和传感器探头之间的选择性移动，该传感器探针感测镜的反射表面的偏转程度。光源提供用于选择性地照亮要调节的致动器附近的反射表面的区域的照明源。光电检测器阵列接收反射光并将其输出传输到计算传感器探针与反射表面之间的距离的控制器。控制器可用于选择性地激励致动器位置调节器装置，以控制一个或多个致动器影响镜的反射表面的形状的程度。

10. 发明授权

US07174792B2 Multi-axis transducer 有权
标题翻译：多轴传感器
公开(公告)号：US07174792B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-13
申请号：US10914450
申请日：2004-08-09
申请人： Mark A. Ealey
发明人： Mark A. Ealey
IPC分类号： G01D7/00
CPC分类号： G01D5/25 , G01L1/16 , G01L1/18 , G01L5/162 , G01L5/167 , G01P15/0907 , H01L41/0471 , H01L41/0833 , H01L41/1132
摘要： An improved multi-axis transducer includes a stack of ferroelectric layers and a plurality of common electrodes and addressing electrodes alternately disposed between the ferroelectric layers; each of the addressing electrodes including a number of sections electrically isolated from each other and forming a set with corresponding sections in other addressing electrodes; a common conductor is electrically connected to the common electrodes and a number of addressing conductors is, each one, electrically connected to a different set of the sections of the addressing electrodes.
摘要翻译：一种改进的多轴换能器包括堆叠的铁电层和多个公共电极和交替地布置在铁电层之间的寻址电极; 每个寻址电极包括彼此电隔离的多个部分，并在其它寻址电极中形成具有相应部分的组; 公共导体电连接到公共电极，并且多个寻址导体分别电连接到寻址电极的不同部分集合。

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