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1. 发明授权

US4444568A Method of producing fuel gas and process heat fron carbonaceous materials 失效
标题翻译：生产燃料的方法和加工热碳素材料
公开(公告)号：US4444568A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-24
申请号：US362266
申请日：1982-03-26
申请人： Hans Beisswenger , Georg Daradimos , Martin Hirsch , Ludolf Plass , Harry Serbent
发明人： Hans Beisswenger , Georg Daradimos , Martin Hirsch , Ludolf Plass , Harry Serbent
IPC分类号： C10J3/46 , C10J3/54 , C10J3/84 , F23C10/00 , F23C10/10
CPC分类号： C10J3/84 , C10J3/463 , C10J3/54 , C10J3/721 , C10J3/86 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/026 , C10K1/08 , F23C10/005 , F23C10/10 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1884 , F23C2206/101
摘要： In a process of simultaneously producing fuel gas and process heat from carbonaceous materials wherein the carbonaceous materials are gasified in a first fluidized bed stage and the combustible constituents left after the gasification are subsequently burnt in a second fluidized bed stage the throughput rate and the flexibility are increased in that the gasification is carried out at a pressure of up to 5 bars and a temperature of 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C. by a treatment with oxygen-containing gases in the presence of steam in a circulating fluidized bed and 40 to 80% of the carbon contained in the starting material are thus reacted. Sulfur compounds are removed from the resulting gas in a fluidized state at a temperature in the range from 800.degree. to 1000.degree. C. and the gas is then cooled and subjected to dust collection. The gasification residue together with the by-products which have become available in the purification of the gas, such as laden desulfurizing agent, dust and aqueous condensate, are fed to another circulating fluidized bed and the remaining combustible constituents are burnt there with an oxygen excess of 5 to 40%.
摘要翻译：在同时生产燃料气体和来自含碳材料的工艺热的过程中，其中碳质材料在第一流化床阶段气化，并且在气化之后留下的可燃组分随后在第二流化床阶段中燃烧，生产率和柔性是增加了在循环流化床中在蒸汽存在下用含氧气体处理，在高达5巴的压力和800至1100℃的温度下进行气化，并且40-80％的原料中所含的碳因此反应。在800〜1000℃的温度下，以流化状态从所得气体中除去硫化合物，然后将气体冷却并进行集尘。将气化残余物与在净化气体中可获得的副产物（如负载脱硫剂，灰尘和含水冷凝物）一起进料到另一个循环流化床中，剩余的可燃成分在那里燃烧，过氧为5〜40％。

2. 发明授权

US4107281A Process for the thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate to obtain alumina 失效
标题翻译：用于热分解氯化铝六水合物以获得氧化铝的方法
公开(公告)号：US4107281A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US823643
申请日：1977-08-11
申请人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Philippe Marchessaux
发明人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Philippe Marchessaux
IPC分类号： C01F7/30
CPC分类号： C01F7/306 , Y10S423/16
摘要： The thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrate in which the preponderant portion of the hydrate is thermally decomposed in an indirectly heated reaction chamber while in a fluidized state with any remainder thermally decomposed in a directly heated rotary furnace and passing the formed aluminum oxide in heat exchange with combustion gases to cool the aluminum oxide and to preheat the combustion gases.
摘要翻译：氯化铝水合物的热分解，其中水合物的主要部分在间接加热的反应室中在流化状态下热分解，任何残余物在直接加热的旋转炉中热分解，并使形成的氧化铝与燃烧气体以冷却氧化铝并预热燃烧气体。

3. 发明授权

US4996836A Combined gas and steam turbine process 失效
标题翻译：燃气和汽轮机联合组合过程
公开(公告)号：US4996836A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-05
申请号：US423669
申请日：1989-10-18
申请人： Lothar Reh , Rolf Graf , Martin Hirsch , Ludolf Plass
发明人： Lothar Reh , Rolf Graf , Martin Hirsch , Ludolf Plass
IPC分类号： F02C6/18 , F01K23/02 , F01K23/06 , F02C3/28
CPC分类号： F01K23/062
摘要： Disclosed is a process of carrying out a combined gas turbine and steam turbine process of increased efficiency.A fuel gas is produced at a temperature of from 900.degree. to 1100.degree. C. in a circulating fluidized bed by a gasification of 70 to 95 wt. % of the carbon contained in the carbonaceous material and is treated at a temperature of from 850.degree. to 950.degree. C. with suspended solids consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate-containing solids to remove pollutants. The main portion of the fuel gas is burnt to produce a gas which is used to operate the gas turbine and which contains at least 5% by volume oxygen and is at a temperature of at least 1000.degree. C. Combustion of the carbonaceous gasification residue to produce process steam is performed in a second circulating fluidized bed at a temperature of from 800.degree. to 950.degree. C. under near-stoichiometric conditions by a treatment with oxygen-containing gases, which are supplied on different levels in at least two partial streams and mainly consist of exhaust gas from the gas turbine. The desulfurized fuel gas is preferably cooled to a temperature in the range from 350.degree. to 600.degree. C. and is freed from halides.
摘要翻译：公开了一种提高效率的燃气轮机组合和汽轮机组合方法。在循环流化床中，通过气化70〜95重量％，在900〜1100℃的温度下生成燃料气体。在碳质材料中含有的碳的％，并且在850℃至950℃的温度下用含有氢氧化钙，氧化钙和/或含碳酸钙的固体组成的悬浮固体进行处理以除去污染物。燃料气体的主要部分被燃烧以产生用于操作燃气轮机的气体，并且其含有至少5体积％的氧气并且处于至少1000℃的温度。碳质气化残余物与在接近化学计量的条件下通过用含氧气体处理在第二循环流化床中在800℃至950℃的温度下进行生产过程蒸汽，所述含氧气体在至少两个部分流中以不同水平供应，主要由燃气轮机的废气组成。脱硫燃料气体优选冷却至350℃至600℃的温度，并且不脱离卤化物。

4. 发明授权

US4091085A Process for thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrates by indirect heat 失效
标题翻译：通过间接热分解氯化铝水合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US4091085A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-23
申请号：US823644
申请日：1977-08-11
申请人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Philippe Marchessaux
发明人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Philippe Marchessaux
IPC分类号： B01J8/24 , C01F7/30
CPC分类号： C01F7/306 , Y10S423/16
摘要： Thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hydrate in a fluidized bed reactor in which the concentration of solids diminishes from the bottom upwards, the improvement wherein most of the hydrogen chloride is removed from the hydrate by direct heat and the largely decomposed aluminum chloride is fed into a calcining reactor and from the calcining reactor to a residence time reactor fluidized at low gas velocity, recycling solids from the residence reactor to the calcining reactor in an amount to adjust the suspension density and feeding the remainder to a cooler after sufficient time in the residence reactor.
摘要翻译：在其中固体浓度从底部向下减少的流化床反应器中的氯化铝水合物的热分解，其中大部分氯化氢通过直接加热从水合物中除去，并且将大部分分解的氯化铝加入煅烧反应器和从煅烧反应器到停留时间反应器以低气体速度流化的停留时间反应器，将固体从停留反应器循环到煅烧反应器中，其量调节悬浮液密度，并且在停留反应器中经过足够的时间后将剩余物送入冷却器。

5. 发明授权

US4076796A Carrying out endothermic processes in fast fluidized reactor with conventionally fluidized holding reactor 失效
标题翻译：在具有常规流化的保持反应器的快速流化反应器中进行吸热过程
公开(公告)号：US4076796A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-28
申请号：US690525
申请日：1976-05-27
申请人： Lothar Reh , Hans-Werner Schmidt , Ludolf Plass
发明人： Lothar Reh , Hans-Werner Schmidt , Ludolf Plass
IPC分类号： C22B1/10 , B01J6/00 , B01J8/24 , B01J8/26 , B01J8/38 , C01F7/30 , C01F7/44 , C01G49/00 , C01G49/02 , C04B2/02 , C04B2/10
CPC分类号： B01J6/004 , B01J8/26 , B01J8/388 , C01F7/445 , Y02P20/129 , Y10S423/06 , Y10S423/16
摘要： Endothermic processes are carried out in a fluidized-bed reactor which is connected to a holding reactor, solids being recirculated between the two reactors. The primary fluidized-bed reactor uses a fast-fluidized bed system in which the solids concentration decreases continuously from the bottom to the top of the reactor. After the necessary residence time in the holding reactor, solids are discharged. Solids are entrained with the gas stream from the primary reactor and are separated therefrom to be delivered to the holding reactor. The reaction is controlled by regulating the rate of recirculation of solids from the holding reactor to the fast fluidized bed reactor.
摘要翻译：吸热过程在连接到保持反应器的流化床反应器中进行，固体在两个反应器之间再循环。主流化床反应器使用快速流化床系统，其中固体浓度从反应器的底部到顶部连续地降低。在保持反应器中必要的停留时间后，固体排出。固体被来自初级反应器的气流夹带并与其分离，以被输送到保持反应器。通过调节固体从保持反应器再循环到快速流化床反应器的速率来控制反应。

6. 发明授权

US4409086A Electrolytic cell 失效
标题翻译：电解池
公开(公告)号：US4409086A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-11
申请号：US247710
申请日：1981-03-26
申请人： Gunther Haas , Ludolf Plass , Karl Lohrberg
发明人： Gunther Haas , Ludolf Plass , Karl Lohrberg
IPC分类号： C25B11/02 , C25B9/02 , C25B9/04 , C25B11/04 , C25B11/10
CPC分类号： C25B9/02 , C25B9/04
摘要： In electrolytic apparatus comprising cell chambers through which is passed an electrolyte and in which sets of anode plates are provided, each of which are connected to current-feeding center pins, and the mutually staggered electrode plates protrude into the gaps between plates having the opposite polarity. To ensure a simple, quick and reliable installation and removal of the anode plates, the center pin is provided with contact straps, which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the pin and serve to secure the anode plate. The contact straps are suitably spaced about 180.degree. apart and have at least one opening, which consists preferably of a tapped bore.The electrolytic apparatus is used in processes of producing alkali chlorate by the electrolytic decomposition of aqueous alkali chloride solutions.
摘要翻译：在电解设备中，包括通过电解质的电池室，其中设置有一组阳极板，每个阳极板连接到电流馈送中心销，并且相互交错的电极板突出到具有相反极性的板之间的间隙中。为了确保阳极板的简单，快速和可靠的安装和拆卸，中心销设置有接触带，其沿销的纵向方向间隔开并用于固定阳极板。接触带适当间隔约180°并具有至少一个开口，其优选地由螺纹孔组成。该电解装置用于通过电解分解氯化碱水溶液来生产碱式氯酸盐的方法。

7. 发明授权

US4145398A Bauxite digestion by caustic alkali with improved heat transfer in tubular reactors 失效
标题翻译：通过碱性反应器改进热转移的碱性碱处理
公开(公告)号：US4145398A
公开(公告)日：1979-03-20
申请号：US754749
申请日：1976-12-27
申请人： Ludolf Plass
发明人： Ludolf Plass
IPC分类号： C01F7/06
CPC分类号： C01F7/0626 , Y10S165/903 , Y10S423/06 , Y10S423/09
摘要： A first substance and a liquid are conveyed along a conduit at least part of which is arranged in heat-exchange relationship with a second substance. Upstream of this part of the conduit, a suspension of the first substance in the liquid is formed wherein the first substance has an average particle size between 10 and 150 microns and a concentration between 1 and 6 volume percent. The suspension is conveyed along the conduit under conditions of turbulent flow. In this manner, the efficiency of the heat-exchange between the suspension and the second substance is increased. The method may be used to increase the heat-exchange efficiency in the extraction of bauxite so that an apparatus of given size can extract greater quantities of bauxite or, conversely, so that a given quantity of bauxite can be extracted with an apparatus of smaller size.

8. 发明授权

US4080437A Process for thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate 失效
标题翻译：氯化铝六水合物的热分解方法
公开(公告)号：US4080437A
公开(公告)日：1978-03-21
申请号：US688124
申请日：1976-05-20
申请人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Hans Werner Schmidt , Gunter Schoene , Philippe Marchessaux
发明人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Hans Werner Schmidt , Gunter Schoene , Philippe Marchessaux
IPC分类号： C01B7/03 , B01J8/26 , C01B13/26 , C01F7/30
CPC分类号： B01J8/26 , C01B13/26 , C01F7/306 , Y10S423/16
摘要： Process for the thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate into anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, comprising predrying and then decomposition in a fluidization reactor, the said fluidization being ensured by recycled gaseous HCl, and finally heating at the temperature necessary to obtain the desired crystallization state, namely anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the said pre-drying being carried out by the gases coming from this final heating.
摘要翻译：将氯化铝六水合物热分解成无水Al 2 O 3的方法，包括在流化反应器中预干燥然后分解，所述流化通过循环的气态HCl确保，最后在获得所需结晶状态所需的温度下加热，即无水Al 2 O3，所述预干燥由来自该最终加热的气体进行。

9. 发明授权

US4226844A Method of thermally splitting hydrate of aluminum chloride 失效
标题翻译：热分解氯化铝水合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US4226844A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US9115
申请日：1979-02-05
申请人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Philippe Marchessaux , Raman Sood
发明人： Lothar Reh , Ludolf Plass , Philippe Marchessaux , Raman Sood
IPC分类号： B01J8/24 , C01F7/30
CPC分类号： C01F7/306 , B01J8/24 , Y10S423/16
摘要： Thermally splitting hydrate of aluminum chloride to produce aluminum oxide wherein the hydrate is at least partially split by contact with hot gases and hot calcined product in a turbulent zone, transmitting the material from the turbulent zone into a residence zone, recycling a portion of the solids from the residence zone to the turbulent zone in an amount to maintain a desired suspension density while the remainder is passed to a turbulent cooling zone in heat exchange with the fluidizing gas introduced into the turbulent zone.
摘要翻译：热分解氯化铝水合物以产生氧化铝，其中水合物通过与湍流区域中的热气体和热煅烧产物接触而至少部分地分裂，将材料从湍流区域传输到停留区域，再循环一部分固体从停留区到湍流区，其量保持期望的悬浮密度，而其余部分与引入湍流区的流化气体进行热交换而与湍流冷却区相通。

10. 发明授权

US4111158A Method of and apparatus for carrying out an exothermic process 失效
标题翻译：用于实施过程的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4111158A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-05
申请号：US801007
申请日：1977-05-26
申请人： Lothar Reh , Martin Hirsch , Ludolf Plass
发明人： Lothar Reh , Martin Hirsch , Ludolf Plass
IPC分类号： F23C10/02 , B01J8/26 , B01J8/38 , C22B1/10 , F22B31/00 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/24 , F27B15/00 , F22B1/02 , F23D19/00
CPC分类号： C22B1/10 , B01J8/26 , B01J8/388 , F22B31/0084 , F23C10/10 , F27B15/00 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A method of and apparatus for carrying out an exothermic process in which a combustible-containing solid (e.g. coal shale, pyrite or limestone in combination with fuel oil) are burned in a fluidized-bed reactor with primary and secondary streams of oxygen-containing combustion-sustaining gas (in a volume ratio of 1:20 to 2:1) supplied at different levels so that the primary gas acts as the fluidizing gas. The gas velocities and rate of gas feeds are controlled to provide a mean suspension density above the secondary gas inlet of 10 to 40 kg/m.sup.3. The major portion of solid feed is introduced into the space below the secondary gas inlet which is maintained substantially free of internal fixtures and the effluent gases are separated from the entrained solids which are recycled to the bed. Solids withdrawn from the bed are cooled in a fluidized-bed cooler and the temperature of the bed is maintained constant by the controlled recirculation of cooled solids thereto from the cooler. The gas heated in the cooler is fed to the bed as the secondary gas.

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