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    • 4. 发明公开
    • THE METHOD OF TREATING DRUG RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
    • 耐药结核分枝杆菌感染的治疗方法
    • EP1296680A2
    • 2003-04-02
    • EP01943723.5
    • 2001-06-26
    • Khamar, Bakulesh Mafatlal
    • Khamar, Bakulesh Mafatlal
    • A61K31/43A61K45/00
    • A61K31/43A61K31/4409A61K2300/00
    • Multidrug resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs poses threat in the treatment of tuberculosis. These strains are resistant to at least tow first line anti-tuberculous drugs such as INH and rifampicin. Frequently, such MDR strains show resistance to all commonly used first-line agents i.e INH, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Isoniazid is the most widely used anti-tuberculous drug. Resistance to isoniazid can occur by increased expression on inhA or by mutations that lower the enzyme's affinity to NADH. Mutations in katG, which encodes catalase peroxidase, is the most common source of resistance. Another mechanism of isoniazid resistance occurs by defects in NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) of the respiratory chain. Increases expression of AhpC has been suggested as another mechanism of INH resistance in mycobacteria. The present invention provides method of treating drug resistance for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. According to present invention, a method is provided to employ penicillin with INH. This reduces the MIC of INH and makes resistant organisms sensitive. The level of penicillins required for reversal of INH resistance is known to be achieved and maintained by therapeutic doses of penicillins.
    • 对抗结核药物的多重耐药性对治疗结核病构成威胁。 这些菌株对至少一线抗结核药物如INH和利福平耐药。 通常,这种MDR菌株对所有常用的一线药物即INH,利福平,链霉素,乙胺丁醇和吡嗪酰胺显示出抗性。 异烟肼是应用最广泛的抗结核药物。 对异烟肼的耐药性可以通过增加inhA的表达或降低酶对NADH的亲和力的突变来发生。 编码过氧化氢酶过氧化物酶的katG突变是最常见的抗性来源。 另一种异烟肼耐药机制是由呼吸链NADH脱氢酶(Ndh)缺陷引起的。 增加AhpC的表达已被认为是分枝杆菌中INH抗性的另一种机制。 本发明提供了治疗结核分枝杆菌感染的药物抗性的方法。 根据本发明,提供了一种使用青霉素和INH的方法。 这降低了INH的MIC并使抗性生物体敏感。 已知通过治疗剂量的青霉素实现并保持逆转INH抗性所需的青霉素水平。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • OPHTHALMIC FORMULATION COMPRISING A BETA BLOCKER AND CARBOPOL
    • β受体阻滞剂和含有卡波姆眼科组合物
    • EP1137407B1
    • 2004-02-18
    • EP99905124.6
    • 1999-03-04
    • Khamar, Bakulesh Mafatlal
    • Khamar, Bakulesh Mafatlal
    • A61K31/13A61K47/00A61K31/78A61P27/02
    • A61K31/138A61K9/0048A61K31/216A61K31/4704A61K31/5355
    • Beta blockers are used as topical ophthalmic preparation for reducing Intra Ocular Pressure. B-blocker used for this purpose include timolol, levobunolol, carteolol, metipranalol. They reduce the aqueous production and thereby reduce I.O.P. They are commonly used as drops. Efficacy of topical B-blockers is dependent on concentration of drug in formulation. However, increasing the concentration of drug beyond approved dosage forms does not increase the efficacy significantly e.g. Timolol 0.5% has identical pressure lowering capacity as 1% Timolol. The attempts to improve pressure reduction efficiency of B-blockers has not met with success so far. The sustained release formulation of Timolol (Timolol XE) has resulted in amount of drug to achieve same therapeutic effect. However, none of the formulation has improved efficacy of drug for reducing I.O.P. The present invention relates to the process of manufacturing such formulation of B-blocker which improves its I.O.P lowering effect. The formulation so prepared is non-irritating and well tolerated. The process of manufacturing new formulation with improved efficacy involves use of carboprolol and preservative. The timolol 0.5% gel formulated using process was evaluated in normal as well as glaucomatous eyes. The reduction in I.O.P. is found to be approx. 15% more than found with drops in normal individuals. Similar findings are also observed in glaucomatous eyes.