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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Hydrogen isotope separation utilizing bulk getters
    • 使用大量吸气剂的氢同位素分离
    • US4976938A
    • 1990-12-11
    • US379841
    • 1989-07-14
    • Randall J. KnizeJoseph L. Cecchi
    • Randall J. KnizeJoseph L. Cecchi
    • B01D59/26C01B4/00
    • C01B4/00B01D59/26Y10S423/07
    • Tritium and deuterium are separated from a gaseous mixture thereof, derived from a nuclear fusion reactor or some other source, by providing a casing with a bulk getter therein for absorbing the gaseous mixture to produce an initial loading of the getter, partially desorbing the getter to produce a desorbed mixture which is tritium-enriched, pumping the desorbed mixture into a separate container, the remaining gaseous loading in the getter being deuterium-enriched, desorbing the getter to a substantially greater extent to produce a deuterium-enriched gaseous mixture, and removing the deuterium-enriched mixture into another container. The bulk getter may comprise a zirconium-aluminum alloy, or a zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy. The partial desorption may reduce the loading by approximately fifty percent. The basic procedure may be extended to produce a multistage isotope separator, including at least one additional bulk getter into which the tritium-enriched mixture is absorbed. The second getter is then partially desorbed to produce a desorbed mixture which is further tritium-enriched. The last-mentioned mixture is then removed from the container for the second getter, which is then desorbed to a substantially greater extent to produce a desorbed mixture which is deuterium-enriched. The last-mentioned mixture is then removed so that the cycle can be continued and repeated. The method of isotope separation is also applicable to other hydrogen isotopes, in that the method can be employed for separating either deuterium or tritium from normal hydrogen.
    • 氚和氘通过提供壳体与其中的大量吸气剂一起吸收气体混合物以产生吸气剂的初始负载,将吸气剂部分解吸到来自核聚变反应器或其它源的气体混合物 产生富含氚的解吸附混合物,将解吸的混合物泵送到单独的容器中,吸气剂中剩余的气体负载富含氘,将吸气剂解吸附到更大程度上以产生富氘气体混合物,并除去 将富氘混合物转化为另一容器。 本体吸气剂可以包括锆 - 铝合金或锆 - 钒 - 铁合金。 部分解吸可减少约50%的负荷。 基本程序可以扩展到产生多级同位素分离器,包括至少一个额外的容积吸收剂,富含氚的混合物被吸收到该吸附剂中。 然后将第二吸气剂部分解吸以产生进一步氚富集的解吸附混合物。 然后将最后提到的混合物从用于第二吸气剂的容器中取出,然后将其解吸到显着更大的程度以产生富含氘的解吸附的混合物。 然后去除最后提到的混合物,使得循环可以继续并重复。 同位素分离方法也适用于其他氢同位素,因为该方法可用于从正常氢气中分离出氘或氚。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Apparatus and method for uniform microwave plasma processing using TE.sub.1
1
.sub.01 modes
    • 使用TE11和TM01模式进行均匀微波等离子体处理的装置和方法
    • US5302803A
    • 1994-04-12
    • US812695
    • 1991-12-23
    • James E. StevensJoseph L. Cecchi
    • James E. StevensJoseph L. Cecchi
    • H05H1/46B23K9/00
    • H01J37/32229H01J37/32266H05H1/46
    • A plasma processing apparatus and method using a predetermined proportion of relative power between a TE.sub.11 mode and a TM.sub.01 mode to produce radial uniformity of the plasma. A microwave coupler transforms microwave energy from a microwave source into approximately equal proportions of TE.sub.11 and TM.sub.01 modes. In one embodiment, the coupler includes a first arm for generating the TE.sub.11 mode and a second arm for generating the TM.sub.01 mode which are then combined in a cylindrical waveguide section having a sufficient inner diameter to support propagation of both modes. Other circuit components are provided to prevent cross-coupling of the TE.sub.11 mode into the TM.sub.01 generating arm, and vice versa. Thus, the relative proportion of power of each mode may be independently controlled. A magnetic field generator may be used in the apparatus to create an electron cyclotron resonance condition within the plasma.
    • 一种在TE11模式和TM01模式之间使用预定比例的相对功率的等离子体处理装置和方法,以产生等离子体的径向均匀性。 微波耦合器将来自微波源的微波能量转换成大约相等比例的TE11和TM01模式。 在一个实施例中,耦合器包括用于产生TE11模式的第一臂和用于产生TM01模式的第二臂,然后将其组合在具有足够内径的圆柱形波导部分中以支持两种模式的传播。 提供其他电路部件以防止TE11模式与TM01生成臂的交叉耦合,反之亦然。 因此,可以独立地控制各模式的功率的相对比例。 在该装置中可以使用磁场发生器,以在等离子体内产生电子回旋共振条件。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for coupling a microwave source in an electron
cyclotron resonance system
    • 用于在电子回旋共振系统中耦合微波源的方法和装置
    • US5111111A
    • 1992-05-05
    • US589078
    • 1990-09-27
    • James E. StevensJoseph L. CecchiPatrick L. Colestock
    • James E. StevensJoseph L. CecchiPatrick L. Colestock
    • H01J37/32H05H7/02
    • H01J37/32238H01J37/32192H01J37/32284H01J37/32293H01J37/32678H05H7/02
    • A microwave source is coupled to an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) system by circularly polarizing the microwave energy from the source in an angular direction with cooperates with the ECR system's magnetic field to produce electron cyclotron resonance, and coupling the circularly polarized microwave energy to the plasma using a quarter wave vacuum window transformer having a dielectric constant which matches the impedance of the circularly polarized microwave energy to the impedance of the plasma. The impedance matching transformer is preferably a vacuum window of the ECR chamber having quarter wave thickness and the appropriate dielectric constant. For high density plasmas in a standard ECR system of 6 cm radius an alumina window 0.98 cm thick procides optimum coupling. The reflected power from the plasma is thereby minimized to provide a dense plasma for the ECR tool while reducing or eliminating the need for manual external tuners for the microwave source.
    • 微波源耦合到电子回旋共振(ECR)系统,通过与ECR系统的磁场配合来使来自源的微波能量在角度方向上圆偏振以产生电子回旋共振,并将圆偏振的微波能量耦合到 使用具有与圆偏振微波能量的阻抗匹配等离子体的阻抗的介电常数的四分之一波真空窗变压器的等离子体。 阻抗匹配变压器优选地是具有四分之一波长厚度和适当介电常数的ECR室的真空窗。 对于6厘米半径的标准ECR系统中的高密度等离子体,氧化铝窗口0.98厘米厚可以实现最佳耦合。 因此,来自等离子体的反射功率被最小化以为ECR工具提供致密的等离子体,同时减少或消除对用于微波源的手动外部调谐器的需要。