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1. 发明授权

US5198771A Potentiostatic apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：静电设备和方法
公开(公告)号：US5198771A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-30
申请号：US753835
申请日：1991-09-03
申请人： John C. Fidler , James P. Bobis , William R. Penrose , Joseph R. Stetter
发明人： John C. Fidler , James P. Bobis , William R. Penrose , Joseph R. Stetter
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G05F1/56
CPC分类号： G05F1/561 , G01N27/49
摘要： A potentiostat for an amperometric sensor uses a voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), which may be either unidirectional or, preferably, bidirectional. An error amplifier compares the potential of the sensor's reference or counter electrode, relative to ground potential, to a set-point potential. The error voltage serves as an input to the VCCS. The output of the VCCS--a current proportional to the error voltage--is supplied to the sensor's auxiliary electrode. In a steady state, the error voltage is just large enough to supply current that is equal to the current through the sensor's working and auxiliary (or counter) electrodes. The error voltage can either serve directly as an output voltage or it can be amplified without introducing a feed-back loop disturbance. The VCCS permits direct grounding of the sensor's working electrode and operation of the error amplifier at a low or moderate gain, so as to increase the circuit's frequency response and reduce the probability of oscillation. Also, in conjunction with an adjustable low-pass filter, the VCCS permits optimization of the system's frequency response so as to yield improved stability.
摘要翻译：用于电流传感器的恒电位仪使用压控电流源（VCCS），其可以是单向的，或者优选地是双向的。误差放大器将传感器参考电极或对电极相对于地电位的电位与设定点电位进行比较。误差电压用作VCCS的输入。输出与误差电压成比例的VCCS-a电流输入到传感器的辅助电极。在稳定状态下，误差电压足够大以提供等于通过传感器工作电极和辅助（或反向）电极的电流的电流。误差电压可以直接作为输出电压，也可以在不引入反馈回路干扰的情况下进行放大。 VCCS允许传感器的工作电极直接接地和误差放大器的操作在低或中等增益，以增加电路的频率响应并降低振荡的概率。此外，结合可调低通滤波器，VCCS可以优化系统的频率响应，从而提高稳定性。

2. 发明授权

US3942014A Logic elements for reactor period meter 失效
标题翻译：反应堆周期计的逻辑元件
公开(公告)号：US3942014A
公开(公告)日：1976-03-02
申请号：US560429
申请日：1975-03-20
申请人： William P. McDowell , James P. Bobis
发明人： William P. McDowell , James P. Bobis
IPC分类号： G21C17/14 , G01T3/00 , G01T1/18
CPC分类号： G21C17/14
摘要： Logic elements are provided for a reactor period meter trip circuit. For one element, first and second inputs are applied to first and second chopper comparators, respectively. The output of each comparator is O if the input applied to it is greater than or equal to a trip level associated with each input and each output is a square wave of frequency f if the input applied to it is less than the associated trip level. The outputs of the comparators are algebraically summed and applied to a bandpass filter tuned to f. For another element, the output of each comparator is applied to a bandpass filter which is tuned to f to give a sine wave of frequency f. The outputs of the filters are multiplied by an analog multiplier whose output is 0 if either input is 0 and a sine wave of frequency 2f if both inputs are a frequency f.
摘要翻译：提供逻辑元件用于电抗器周期仪表跳闸电路。对于一个元件，第一和第二输入分别施加到第一和第二斩波比较器。如果施加到其上的输入大于或等于与每个输入相关联的跳闸电平，则每个比较器的输出为O，如果施加到其的输入小于相应的跳闸电平，则每个输出都是频率f的方波。比较器的输出被代数求和并应用于调谐到f的带通滤波器。对于另一个元件，每个比较器的输出被施加到带通滤波器，该带通滤波器被调谐到f以给出频率为f的正弦波。如果两个输入都是频率f，则滤波器的输出乘以一个模拟乘法器，如果任一输入为0，则输出为0，频率为2f的正弦波。

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