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    • 6. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for increasing heat transfer efficiency
    • 提高传热效率的方法和装置
    • US4114685A
    • 1978-09-19
    • US647377
    • 1976-01-08
    • Jacob SchwartzVictor A. Misek
    • Jacob SchwartzVictor A. Misek
    • F24S20/20F28F13/16F28F13/02
    • F24J2/07F28F13/16Y02E10/41
    • A method and apparatus are provided for increasing the heat transfer efficiency of a heat exchanger by utilizing a high intensity RF field. Either an ion stream generated by the RF field or the RF field itself results in the efficiency increase and the rate at which the fluid acquires energy from the heat exchanger is enhanced to the extent that the boundary layer normally present at the walls of the heat exchanger which impedes the transfer of heat from the heat exchanger to the fluid breaks down during this process. The RF technique is utilized in one unique application for increasing the efficiency of solar energy receiver which operate at temperatures exceeding 1,500.degree. F in that the system eliminates arcing which would occur due to the high temperatures involved, if electrostatic (D.C.) ion spray devices were used. Arcing elimination is achieved both by the use of RF energy and by shielding the RF electrode or probe from contact with the heat transfer fluid with a dielectric member through which the RF field penetrates. In one embodiment a broad spectrum high voltage RF signal is generated by a Tesla coil to produce the RF signal. Alternatively, pulsed high RF energy of a single frequency may be used. This energy may be generated by a conventional magnetron and may be transmitted by a wave guide with a reentrant cone at the front of the solar receiver so that both focused solar energy and the RF energy impinge on the heat exchanger from the same direction.
    • 提供了一种通过利用高强度RF场来提高热交换器的传热效率的方法和装置。 由RF场或RF场本身产生的离子流本身导致效率提高,并且流体从热交换器获得能量的速率增加到通常存在于热交换器的壁处的边界层的程度 这阻碍了在该过程中热量从热交换器传递到流体中。 RF技术用于一个独特的应用中,用于提高在超过1500°F的温度下工作的太阳能接收器的效率,因为如果静电(DC)离子喷射装置是,则系统消除由于所涉及的高温而会发生的电弧 用过的。 通过使用RF能量并通过屏蔽RF电极或探针与传导流体与RF场穿过的电介质构件接触来实现消除电弧。 在一个实施例中,频谱高频RF信号由特斯拉线圈产生以产生RF信号。 或者,可以使用单个频率的脉冲高RF能量。 该能量可以由常规磁控管产生,并且可以通过在太阳能接收器前部的具有可重入锥体的波导传输,使得聚焦的太阳能和RF能量都从相同的方向冲击到热交换器上。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Fractal computer user centerface with zooming capability
    • 具有缩放功能的分形计算机用户中心面
    • US5341466A
    • 1994-08-23
    • US698016
    • 1991-05-09
    • Kenneth PerlinJacob Schwartz
    • Kenneth PerlinJacob Schwartz
    • G06T3/40G06F15/62
    • G06T3/0025G06F2203/04805
    • A computer user interface that represents information stored in a computer as reprentation objects located on at least one reference surface is disclosed. A user can magnify or reduce the displayed information by "zooming" in or out. The magnification operation displays a smaller portion of a particular surface, but each object that remains in view is displayed in greater size and/or detail. Similarly, the reduction operation displays a larger portion of a given surface, but each object within such surface is displayed in a smaller size and/or less detail. In order to view one part of the surface from another part of the surface or from another surface, a special type of an object, called a representation portal object, is provided. A graphical description of each object is physically stored in computer memory essentially as a sequence of compressed image representations. The first image in the sequence is a bit-mapped representation of an object as it was created, and each subsequent image is a reduced copy of the first image.
    • 公开了一种计算机用户界面,其将存储在计算机中的信息表示为位于至少一个参考表面上的重新排列对象。 用户可以通过“放大”放大或缩小所显示的信息。 倍率操作显示特定表面的较小部分,但是保持在视野中的每个对象以更大的尺寸和/或细节显示。 类似地,缩小操作显示给定表面的较大部分,但是在该表面内的每个物体以较小的尺寸和/或较少的细节显示。 为了从表面的另一部分或从另一个表面观察表面的一部分,提供了称为表示门户对象的特殊类型的对象。 每个对象的图形描述实质上存储在计算机存储器中,作为压缩图像表示的序列。 序列中的第一个图像是对象在创建时的位映射表示,并且每个后续图像是第一个图像的缩小的副本。