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1. 发明授权

US4507226A Radiochromic liquid solution 失效
标题翻译：放射性液体溶液
公开(公告)号：US4507226A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-26
申请号：US353813
申请日：1982-03-02
申请人： John E. Noakes , Randolph A. Culp
发明人： John E. Noakes , Randolph A. Culp
IPC分类号： G01J1/50 , G01T1/04 , G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01J1/50 , G01T1/04
摘要： A solution of a hydrophobic substituted, amino triphenyl methane leucocyanide dye in a clear, highly polar solvent free of hydroxyl groups with enough acid added to make the solution slightly acidic which is sensitive to small dosages of ionizing radiation and responds by permanently changing color. Up to one-half of the solution by weight can be replaced by a second solution of an aromatic solvent and an organic fluor. Another modification of the invention is a solution of a leucocyanide dye in a clear polar solvent which has an aromatic group, an organic fluor, and enough acid to make the solution slightly acidic.
摘要翻译：疏水性取代的氨基三苯甲烷蓝绿色染料溶液在不含羟基的透明高极性溶剂中，加入足够的酸，使溶液微酸性，对小剂量的电离辐射敏感，并通过永久改变颜色作出反应。高达一半重量的溶液可以用芳族溶剂和有机氟的第二溶液代替。本发明的另一个改进是在具有芳族基团，有机氟和足够酸的透明极性溶剂中的蓝绿色素染料的溶液，使溶液微酸性。

2. 发明授权

US4833326A Liquid scintillation measurement system with active guard shield 失效
标题翻译：具有主动防护罩的液体闪烁测量系统
公开(公告)号：US4833326A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US167407
申请日：1988-03-14
申请人： Robert J. Valenta , John E. Noakes
发明人： Robert J. Valenta , John E. Noakes
IPC分类号： G01T1/172 , G01T1/202 , G01T1/204
CPC分类号： G01T1/172 , G01T1/202 , G01T1/204
摘要： A low-level liquid scintillation measurement system for counting sample optical events resulting from the radioactive decay of a constituent of a sample to be measured while reducing the counting of background optical events which are optical events produced by background radiation and which create electrical pulses other than pulses representing a sample optical event. This system includes detection means located adjacent the sample for detecting optical events and for converting optical events into electrical pulses, coincidence sensing means for receiving the electrical pulses from the detection means and producing a trigger pulse when the electrical pulses from the detection means coincide with each other, burst detection means for receiving the trigger pulses from the coincidence sensing means and the electrical pulses from the detection means for determining the number of electrical pulses present in a selected interval following each of the trigger pulses, evaluation means connected to the burst detection means for determining, in response to the number of pulses detected in the selected interval, the extent to which the optical event represented by the corresponding trigger pulse should be treated as a sample optical event or a background event, and an active guard shiled arrangement comprising an auxiliary scintillator optically coupled to the detection means. The shield is adapted to be excited by background radiation and to effectively increase the number of electrical pulses present in the selected interval following a trigger pulse generated as a result of the coincident pulses produced due to the background radiation. This allows the measurement system to accurately evaluate the number of pulses detected in the selected interval and determine the extent to which a trigger pulse is to be treated as a sample optical event.
摘要翻译：一种低级液体闪烁测量系统，用于计数由待测量的样品的成分的放射性衰变引起的样品光学事件，同时减少背景光学事件的计数，该背景光学事件是由背景辐射产生的光学事件，并产生除了表示样品光学事件的脉冲。该系统包括位于样本附近的用于检测光学事件并将光学事件转换成电脉冲的检测装置，用于从检测装置接收电脉冲并产生触发脉冲的符合检测装置，当来自检测装置的电脉冲与每个另外，用于从一致感测装置接收触发脉冲的脉冲串检测装置和来自检测装置的电脉冲，用于确定在每个触发脉冲之后的选定间隔中存在的电脉冲数，连接到脉冲串检测装置的评估装置用于响应于在所选择的间隔中检测到的脉冲数来确定由对应的触发脉冲表示的光学事件应被视为样本光学事件或背景事件的程度，以及主动保护装置包括辅助闪烁体与光耦合 e检测手段。屏蔽适于被背景辐射激发，并且在作为由于背景辐射产生的重合脉冲的结果产生的触发脉冲之后有效地增加存在于所选间隔中的电脉冲的数量。这允许测量系统准确地评估在所选间隔中检测到的脉冲数，并确定将触发脉冲作为样本光学事件处理的程度。

3. 发明授权

US4021670A Sealable high counting efficiency liquid scintillation vials 失效
标题翻译：可密封高计数效率液体闪烁瓶
公开(公告)号：US4021670A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-03
申请号：US612087
申请日：1975-09-10
申请人： John E. Noakes
发明人： John E. Noakes
IPC分类号： G01T1/204 , G01T7/08
CPC分类号： G01T1/204
摘要： Liquid scintillation counters are now the instruments of choice for use in counting most radioactive samples. While preferred, liquid scintillation counters are still subject to the disadvantages of their inability to effect high photon detection from within the counting vial, and of their inability to retain volatile cocktail solvents within the instrument for relatively long periods. A liquid scintillation counter is provided having a sample vessel with means which increase photon impingement on the photosensing device of the instrument, and with closure means better preventing escape of volatile materials.
摘要翻译：液体闪烁计数器现在是用于计数大多数放射性样品的仪器。虽然优选的是，液体闪烁计数器仍然存在它们不能从计数小瓶内进行高光子检测的缺点，并且它们不能在仪器内保持相当长的时间内的挥发性混合物溶剂。提供液体闪烁计数器，其具有样品容器，该样品容器具有增加仪器光敏装置上的光子冲击的装置，并且具有更好地防止挥发性物质逸出的封闭装置。

4. 发明授权

US3365510A Low temperature conversion of acetylene to pure benzene 失效
标题翻译：乙炔低温转化成纯苯
公开(公告)号：US3365510A
公开(公告)日：1968-01-23
申请号：US42480465
申请日：1965-01-11
申请人： JOHN E. NOAKES
发明人： NOAKES JOHN E
IPC分类号： C07C2/48
CPC分类号： C07C2/48 , C07C2523/20 , C07C2523/24 , Y10S585/942 , Y10S585/943 , C07C15/04

5. 发明授权

US5269975A Solidification of organic waste materials in cement 失效
标题翻译：水泥中有机废料的固化
公开(公告)号：US5269975A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-14
申请号：US942988
申请日：1992-09-10
申请人： John E. Noakes
发明人： John E. Noakes
IPC分类号： B09B3/00 , C04B18/18 , C04B28/02 , G21F9/16 , G21F9/30
CPC分类号： C04B18/18 , B09B3/0041 , C04B28/02 , G21F9/165 , G21F9/304 , C04B2111/00767 , Y02W30/91 , Y02W30/92 , Y02W30/96 , Y10S516/07
摘要： A process for solidifying organic waste in cement for transport and storage in solid form by mixing organic waste, water, and a cationic amine to form an emulsion, mixing the emulsion with cement to form a mixture without breaking the emulsion, casting the mixture in a form, and curing the mixture to a solidified form. In a preferred embodiment of the process, a particulate material with a negative surface charge is included in the mixture to neutralize positive charges on the cationic amine and the cement. An alcohol or glycol may be included in the emulsion to enhance the holding power and integrity of the emulsion by controlling size and uniformity of emulsion particle size. The process is applicable to organic wastes such as waste oils, halogenated solvents, non-halogenated solvents, pesticides, herbicides, liquids and sludges containing heavy metals, radioactive mixed wastes and mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译：通过混合有机废物，水和阳离子胺形成乳液，将固体形式的有机废物固化在水泥中进行运输和储存的方法，将乳液与水泥混合形成混合物而不破坏乳液，将混合物浇铸成形成，并将混合物固化成固化形式。在该方法的优选实施方案中，混合物中包含具有负表面电荷的颗粒材料以中和阳离子胺和水泥上的正电荷。乳液中可以包含醇或二醇，以通过控制乳液粒度的大小和均匀性来提高乳液的保持力和完整性。该方法适用于有机废物如废油，卤化溶剂，非卤化溶剂，农药，除草剂，含重金属的液体和污泥，放射性混合废物及其混合物。

6. 发明授权

US5146093A Liquid scintillation measurement system with active guard shield 失效
标题翻译：具有主动防护罩的液体闪烁测量系统
公开(公告)号：US5146093A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-08
申请号：US355761
申请日：1989-05-22
申请人： Robert J. Valenta , John E. Noakes
发明人： Robert J. Valenta , John E. Noakes
IPC分类号： G01T1/172 , G01T1/202 , G01T1/204
CPC分类号： G01T1/172 , G01T1/202 , G01T1/204
摘要： A low-level liquid scintillation measurement system for counting sample optical events resulting from the radioactive decay of a constituent of a sample to be measured while reducing the counting of background optical events which are optical events produced by background radiation and which create electrical pulses other than pulses representing a sample optical event. This system includes a detector located adjacent the sample for detecting optical events and for converting optical events into electrical pulses, a coincidence sensor for receiving the electrical pulses from the detector and producing a trigger pulse when the electrical pulses from the detector coincide with each other, a burst detector for receiving the trigger pulses from the coincidence sensor and the electrical pulses from the detector for determining the number of electrical pulses present in a selected interval following each of the trigger pulses, evaluator connected to the burst detector for determining, in response to the number of pulses detected in the selected interval, the extent to which the optical event represented by the corresponding trigger pulse should be treated as a sample optical event or a background event, and an active guard shield arrangement comprising an auxiliary scintillator optically coupled to the detector. The shield is adapted to be excited by background radiation and to effectively increase the number of electrical pulses present in the selected interval following a trigger pulse generated as a result of the coincident pulses produced due to the background radiation. The axuiliary scintillator is a glass comprising oxides of lithium, magnesium, silicon and cerium.
摘要翻译：一种低级液体闪烁测量系统，用于计数由待测量的样品的成分的放射性衰变引起的样品光学事件，同时减少背景光学事件的计数，该背景光学事件是由背景辐射产生的光学事件，并产生除了表示样品光学事件的脉冲。该系统包括位于样本附近的用于检测光学事件并将光学事件转换成电脉冲的检测器，用于从检测器接收电脉冲并在来自检测器的电脉冲彼此重合时产生触发脉冲的重合传感器，用于接收来自重合传感器的触发脉冲和来自检测器的电脉冲，用于确定在每个触发脉冲之后的选定间隔中存在的电脉冲数，连接到脉冲串检测器的评估器响应于在所选择的间隔中检测到的脉冲数量，由对应的触发脉冲表示的光学事件的程度应被视为采样光学事件或背景事件，以及主动防护屏蔽装置，其包括光耦合到探测器。屏蔽适于被背景辐射激发，并且在作为由于背景辐射产生的重合脉冲的结果产生的触发脉冲之后有效地增加存在于所选间隔中的电脉冲的数量。该轴向闪烁体是包含锂，镁，硅和铈的氧化物的玻璃。

7. 发明授权

US4416810A Disposal of radioactive aromatic liquid wastes 失效
标题翻译：放射性芳香液体废物处理
公开(公告)号：US4416810A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-22
申请号：US288534
申请日：1981-07-30
申请人： John E. Noakes
发明人： John E. Noakes
IPC分类号： G21F9/16
CPC分类号： G21F9/165
摘要： This invention relates to a method for the encapsulation in a cement mixture of the organic liquid radioactive waste comprising an aromatic liquid and an organic fluor, generated from the use of liquid scintillation counting (LSC).
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种包含由使用液体闪烁计数（LSC）产生的芳族液体和有机氟的有机液体放射性废料的水泥混合物的方法。

8. 发明授权

US3960756A High efficiency scintillation detectors 失效
标题翻译：高效闪烁探测器
公开(公告)号：US3960756A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-01
申请号：US497915
申请日：1974-08-16
申请人： John E. Noakes
发明人： John E. Noakes
IPC分类号： C09K11/62 , G01T1/202 , C09K11/12 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , C09K11/628
摘要： A scintillation counter consists of a scintillation detector, usually a crystal scintillator optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube which converts photons to electrical pulses. The photomultiplier pulses are measured to provide information on impinging radiation. In inorganic crystal scintillation detectors to achieve maximum density, optical transparency and uniform activation, it has been necessary heretofore to prepare the scintillator as a single crystal. Crystal pieces fail to give a single composite response. Means are provided herein for obtaining such a response with crystal pieces, such means comprising the combination of crystal pieces and liquid or solid organic scintillator matrices having a cyclic molecular structure favorable to fluorescence.
摘要翻译：闪烁计数器由闪烁检测器组成，通常是与光电倍增管光学耦合的晶体闪烁体，其将光子转换成电脉冲。测量光电倍增管脉冲以提供关于入射辐射的信息。在无机晶体闪烁检测器中，为了实现最大密度，光学透明性和均匀的活化，迄今为止必须制备闪烁体作为单晶。水晶片不能给出单一的复合响应。本文提供了用于通过晶体片获得这种响应的装置，这种装置包括结晶片和具有有利于荧光的环状分子结构的液体或固体有机闪烁体基质的组合。

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