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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Porous drug matrices and methods of manufacture thereof
    • 多孔药物基质及其制造方法
    • US08821938B2
    • 2014-09-02
    • US13022776
    • 2011-02-08
    • Julie StraubDavid AltreuterHoward BernsteinDonald E. Chickering, IIISarwat KhattakGreg Randall
    • Julie StraubDavid AltreuterHoward BernsteinDonald E. Chickering, IIISarwat KhattakGreg Randall
    • A61K9/14A61K9/00A61K31/335A01N43/02
    • A61K9/1635A61K9/1611A61K9/1623A61K9/1688A61K9/1694
    • Drugs, especially low aqueous solubility drugs, are provided in a porous matrix form, preferably microparticles, which enhances dissolution of the drug in aqueous media. The drug matrices preferably are made using a process that includes (i) dissolving a drug, preferably a drug having low aqueous solubility, in a volatile solvent to form a drug solution, (ii) combining at least one pore forming agent with the drug solution to form an emulsion, suspension, or second solution and hydrophilic or hydrophobic excipients that stabilize the drug and inhibit crystallization, and (iii) removing the volatile solvent and pore forming agent from the emulsion, suspension, or second solution to yield the porous matrix of drug. Hydrophobic or hydrophilic excipients may be selected to stabilize the drug in crystalline form by inhibiting crystal growth or to stabilize the drug in amorphous form by preventing crystallization. The pore forming agent can be either a volatile liquid that is immiscible with the drug solvent or a volatile solid compound, preferably a volatile salt. In a preferred embodiment, spray drying is used to remove the solvents and the pore forming agent. The resulting porous matrix has a faster rate of dissolution following administration to a patient, as compared to non-porous matrix forms of the drug. In a preferred embodiment, microparticles of the porous drug matrix are reconstituted with an aqueous medium and administered parenterally, or processed using standard techniques into tablets or capsules for oral administration.
    • 药物,特别是低含水溶性药物以多孔基质形式提供,优选微粒,其增强药物在水性介质中的溶解。 药物基质优选使用以下方法制备,所述方法包括(i)将挥发性溶剂中的药物(优选为低溶解度的药物)溶解以形成药物溶液,(ii)将至少一种成孔剂与药物溶液 以形成稳定药物并抑制结晶的乳液,悬浮液或第二溶液和亲水或疏水赋形剂,和(iii)从乳液,悬浮液或第二溶液中除去挥发性溶剂和成孔剂以产生多孔基质 药物。 可以选择疏水性或亲水性赋形剂,以通过抑制晶体生长来稳定药物的结晶形式,或者通过防止结晶来稳定药物的无定形形式。 成孔剂可以是与药物溶剂或挥发性固体化合物,优选挥发性盐不混溶的挥发性液体。 在优选的实施方案中,使用喷雾干燥来除去溶剂和成孔剂。 与药物的无孔基质形式相比,得到的多孔基质在给予患者后具有更快的溶解速率。 在优选的实施方案中,多孔药物基质的微粒用水性介质重新配制,并肠胃外给药,或使用标准技术加工成用于口服给药的片剂或胶囊。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • OXYGEN SENSOR
    • 氧传感器
    • US20100249560A1
    • 2010-09-30
    • US12716222
    • 2010-03-02
    • Douglas A. LevinsonHoward Bernstein
    • Douglas A. LevinsonHoward Bernstein
    • A61B5/145
    • G01N33/84A61B5/021A61B5/14532A61B5/14542A61B5/411A61B2560/0412A61M5/14244G01N33/54366G01N33/72
    • The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for determining oxygen in a sample, or in a subject. In one aspect, the present invention is generally directed to an article exhibiting a determinable feature responsive to oxygen, such as oxygen-sensitive particles. The particles may exhibit a determinable change with a change in oxygen concentration, and such particles can accordingly be used to determine oxygen. For example, in one set of embodiments, the particles may be at least partially coated with a protein, such as hemoglobin, that is able to interact with oxygen. In some cases, the protein may aggregate under certain conditions (e.g., under relatively low oxygen concentrations), and such protein aggregation may be used, for example, to cause the particles to become aggregated, which can be determined in some way. In some cases, such aggregation may be irreversible; i.e., the degree of aggregation corresponds to the most extreme oxygen concentrations that the proteins were exposed to. Such articles may be used, for example, to determine oxygen within a sample, or within a subject, such as a human subject. For instance, the article may be formed as a skin patch, or administered to the skin of a subject, e.g., on the surface of the skin, within the dermis or epidermis, etc., to determine oxygen within the subject.
    • 本发明一般涉及用于测定样品或受试者中的氧的系统和方法。 一方面,本发明一般涉及一种表现出对氧敏感的颗粒有氧的可确定特征的物品。 颗粒可以随着氧浓度的变化而呈现可确定的变化,因此可以使用这样的颗粒来确定氧气。 例如,在一组实施方案中,颗粒可以至少部分地涂覆有能够与氧相互作用的蛋白质,例如血红蛋白。 在一些情况下,蛋白质可以在某些条件下(例如,在相对低的氧浓度下)聚集,并且可以使用这种蛋白质聚集,例如使颗粒变得聚集,这可以以某种方式确定。 在某些情况下,这种聚合可能是不可逆的; 即聚集度对应于蛋白质暴露于最极端的氧浓度。 例如,这样的制品可用于测定样品内或受试者(例如人类受试者)内的氧。 例如,制品可以形成为皮肤贴片,或者施用于受试者的皮肤,例如皮肤表面,真皮或表皮等内,以确定受试者内的氧。