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1. 发明授权

US5796410A Generation and use of defective images in image analysis 失效
标题翻译：在图像分析中生成和使用有缺陷的图像
公开(公告)号：US5796410A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US536910
申请日：1990-06-12
申请人： Henry Spalding Baird
发明人： Henry Spalding Baird
IPC分类号： G06K9/46 , G06K9/62 , G06T1/00 , G06T7/00 , G06T11/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/6256 , G06T11/00
摘要： Apparatus and methods for generating a set of defective images from a model image. Defect parameters used with the apparatus and methods specify classes of defects including resolution, blur, threshold, speckle, jitter, skew, distortion of width and height, offset from a baseline, and kerning. The parameters further permit specification of a range of sizes of the defects and a distribution of the defects within the range. Within the apparatus, actual values for the defects are generated randomly within the specified ranges and distributions. The model image may be represented by means of pixels or by a format which describes the model image's shape. The user may specify the number and the size of the defective images. The defective images are useful for inferring accurate and efficient image classifiers for use in image recognition devices such as optical character readers.
摘要翻译：用于从模型图像生成一组缺陷图像的装置和方法。与设备和方法一起使用的缺陷参数指定了各种缺陷，包括分辨率，模糊，阈值，斑点，抖动，偏斜，宽度和高度失真，偏离基线和字距调整。这些参数进一步允许规定缺陷的尺寸范围和范围内的缺陷分布。在设备内，缺陷的实际值在指定的范围和分布内随机生成。模型图像可以通过像素或描述模型图像的形状的格式来表示。用户可以指定缺陷图像的数量和大小。缺陷图像对于推断用于诸如光学字符读取器的图像识别装置中使用的精确和有效的图像分类是有用的。

2. 发明授权

US5825925A Image classifier utilizing class distribution maps for character recognition 失效
标题翻译：图像分类器利用用于字符识别的类分布图
公开(公告)号：US5825925A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US744291
申请日：1996-11-06
申请人： Henry Spalding Baird , Tin Kam Ho
发明人： Henry Spalding Baird , Tin Kam Ho
IPC分类号： G06K9/62 , G06T7/00 , G06K9/66
CPC分类号： G06K9/6231 , G06K9/6228 , G06K9/6255 , G06K9/6268 , G06K2209/01
摘要： An image classifier, which performs character recognition, receives input images and assigns each input image to one of a plurality of image classes. The image classifier includes plural class distribution maps, each based on a plurality of features evaluated on training images, and each representing those feature values that occur at least once among the training images belonging to the corresponding class. The image classifier further includes means for constructing a test map by evaluating the plurality of features on the input image. The image classifier further includes means for comparing the test map to the class distribution maps in order to identify which one of the class distribution maps has the least distance to the test map. At least one of the features is defined according to a rule that relates to the shapes of images of at least one image class.
摘要翻译：执行字符识别的图像分类器接收输入图像并将每个输入图像分配给多个图像类别中的一个。图像分类器包括多个类分布图，每个分布图基于在训练图像上评估的多个特征，并且每个表示属于相应类的训练图像中至少出现一次的特征值。图像分类器还包括通过评估输入图像上的多个特征来构建测试图的装置。图像分类器还包括用于将测试图与类分布图进行比较的装置，以便识别类分布图中哪一个与测试图具有最小距离。根据与至少一个图像类的图像的形状有关的规则来定义至少一个特征。

3. 发明授权

US6052483A Methods and apparatus for classification of images using distribution maps 失效
标题翻译：使用分布图分类图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6052483A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-18
申请号：US596084
申请日：1996-02-06
申请人： Henry Spalding Baird , Tin Kam Ho
发明人： Henry Spalding Baird , Tin Kam Ho
IPC分类号： G06K9/46 , G06K9/62
CPC分类号： G06K9/46 , G06K9/62
摘要： An image classifier receives input images and assigns each input image to one of a plurality of image classes. The image classifier includes plural class distribution maps, each based on a plurality of features evaluated on training images, and each representing those feature values that occur at least once among the training images belonging to the corresponding class. The image classifier further includes means for constructing a test map by evaluating the plurality of features on the input image. The image classifier further includes means for comparing the test map to the class distribution maps in order to identify which one of the class distribution maps has the least distance to the test map. At least one of the features is defined according to a rule that relates to the shapes of images of at least one image class. One advantageous method for evaluating features is carried out storing the input pattern, in a digital memory, as a point in a representational space. A digital data-processing device retrieves one or more line segments from a library of line segments constructed in the representational space, wherein each said line segment is subdivided into plural indexed sub-intervals and each line segment is associated with a respective feature. The digital data-processing device projects the input pattern onto each of the retrieved line segments. For each said line segment, the feature associated with that line segment is assigned a value equal to the index of the sub-interval onto which the input pattern is projected.
摘要翻译：图像分类器接收输入图像并将每个输入图像分配给多个图像类别中的一个。图像分类器包括多个类分布图，每个分布图基于在训练图像上评估的多个特征，并且每个表示属于相应类的训练图像中至少出现一次的特征值。图像分类器还包括通过评估输入图像上的多个特征来构建测试图的装置。图像分类器还包括用于将测试图与类分布图进行比较的装置，以便识别类分布图中哪一个与测试图具有最小距离。根据与至少一个图像类的图像的形状有关的规则来定义至少一个特征。执行用于评估特征的一种有利的方法，将输入图案存储在数字存储器中作为表示空间中的点。数字数据处理装置从在表示空间中构造的线段的库中检索一个或多个线段，其中每个所述线段被细分为多个索引的子间隔，并且每个线段与相应的特征相关联。数字数据处理设备将输入模式投影到每个检索到的线段上。对于每个所述线段，与该线段相关联的特征被分配等于投影输入图案的子间隔的索引的值。

4. 发明授权

US5647021A Image segmenting apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：图像分割装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US5647021A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-08
申请号：US489399
申请日：1995-06-12
申请人： Henry Spalding Baird , Steven Jonathan Fortune , Susan Elizabeth Jones
发明人： Henry Spalding Baird , Steven Jonathan Fortune , Susan Elizabeth Jones
IPC分类号： G06K9/20 , G06T5/00 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/00463 , G06K9/00456
摘要： Apparatus and methods for producing segmentations of images which contain text. The general approach is to locate a first set of components which contain text characters, locate a second set of components which do not contain text characters, sort the second set using a characteristic shape, make a cover set from the sorted second set, and use the cover set to locate the portions of the image which contain text. An example application where the present method may be applied is to texts employing the Manhattan layout to locate columns of text. Parts of the image which do not contain text are located by constructing maximum empty rectangles which do not contain characters. Based on the observation that columns in Manhattan layouts are separated by rectangles with a high aspect ratio, the maximum empty rectangles are sorted in a manner which favors such rectangles to produce the cover set. The present technique is also useful in methods for locating maximum empty rectangles defined by points and for locating maximum empty rectangles defined by rectangles containing characters.
摘要翻译：用于产生包含文本的图像分割的装置和方法。一般方法是定位包含文本字符的第一组组件，找到不包含文本字符的第二组组件，使用特征形状对第二组进行排序，从排序的第二组中进行封面设置，并使用封面设置为定位包含文字的图像部分。可以应用本方法的示例应用是使用曼哈顿布局来定位文本列的文本。通过构造不包含字符的最大空矩形来定位不包含文本的图像的部分。基于这样的观察，曼哈顿布局中的列被高宽比的矩形分开，最大的空矩形以有利于这种矩形以产生封面集的方式进行排序。本技术在用于定位由点定义的最大空矩形和用于定位由包含字符的矩形定义的最大空矩形的方法中也是有用的。

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