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1. 发明授权

US07460739B2 Lithium niobate optical modulator 有权
标题翻译：铌酸锂光调制器
公开(公告)号：US07460739B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-02
申请号：US10527607
申请日：2003-09-09
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
IPC分类号： G02F1/295
CPC分类号： G02F1/2255 , G02F1/035 , G02F2201/126
摘要： An optical modulator comprises a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate (21) on which is formed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having two generally parallel waveguides (23, 25) lying beneath a buffer layer of dielectric material (27). First and second ground electrodes (29, 33) and a hot electrode (31) are disposed on the buffer layer (27), the first and second ground electrodes (29, 33) being spaced either side of the hot electrode (31), the hot electrode (31) and the first ground electrode (29) being proximate to at least apart of the respective waveguides (25, 23). The electrode structure is unsymmetrical in that (a) the hot electrode and the first ground electrode each have a width substantially less than that of the second ground electrode and or (b) the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is different from the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes. whereby a range of chirp values can be obtained. When the spacing (G1) between the first ground and hot electrodes (29, 31) is smaller than the spacing (G2) between the second ground and hot electrodes (33, 31), and preferably the hot and first ground electrodes have a width not exceeding 15 μm, the modulator is capable of operation at frequencies above 10 GHz, possibly up to around 40 GHz.
摘要翻译：光学调制器包括Z切割的铌酸锂衬底（21），其上形成有马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其具有位于电介质材料（27）的缓冲层下方的两个大致平行的波导（23,25）。第一和第二接地电极（29,33）和热电极（31）设置在缓冲层（27）上，第一和第二接地电极（29,33）与热电极（31）的任一侧隔开，热电极（31）和第一接地电极（29）接近相应波导（25,23）的至少一部分。电极结构是不对称的，其中（a）热电极和第一接地电极的宽度明显小于第二接地电极的宽度，和（b）第一接地电极和热电极之间的间距不同于间隔在第二接地和热电极之间。由此可以获得啁啾值的范围。当第一接地电极和热电极（29,31）之间的间隔（G1）小于第二接地电极和热电极（33,31）之间的间隔（G2）时，优选地，热和第一接地电极的宽度不超过15um，调制器能够在高于10GHz，可能高达约40GHz的频率下工作。

2. 发明申请

US20060093266A1 Lithium niobate optical modulator 有权
标题翻译：铌酸锂光调制器
公开(公告)号：US20060093266A1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-04
申请号：US10527607
申请日：2003-09-09
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
IPC分类号： G02B6/42 , G02F1/295
CPC分类号： G02F1/2255 , G02F1/035 , G02F2201/126
摘要： An optical modulator comprises a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate (21) on which is formed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having two generally parallel waveguides (23, 25) lying beneath a buffer layer of dielectric material (27). First and second ground electrodes (29, 33) and a hot electrode (31) are disposed on the buffer layer (27), the first and second ground electrodes (29, 33) being spaced either side of the hot electrode (31), the hot electrode (31) and the first ground electrode (29) being proximate to at least apart of the respective waveguides (25, 23). The electrode structure is unsymmetrical in that (a) the hot electrode and the first ground electrode each have a width substantially less than that of the second ground electrode and or (b) the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is different from the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes. whereby a range of chirp values can be obtained. When the spacing (G1) between the first ground and hot electrodes (29, 31) is smaller than the spacing (G2) between the second ground and hot electrodes (33, 31), and preferably the hot and first ground electrodes have a width not exceeding 15 μm, the modulator is capable of operation at frequencies above 10 GHz, possibly up to around 40 GHz.
摘要翻译：光学调制器包括Z切割的铌酸锂衬底（21），其上形成有马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其具有位于电介质材料（27）的缓冲层下方的两个大致平行的波导（23,25）。第一和第二接地电极（29,33）和热电极（31）设置在缓冲层（27）上，第一和第二接地电极（29,33）与热电极（31）的任一侧隔开，热电极（31）和第一接地电极（29）接近相应波导（25,23）的至少一部分。电极结构是不对称的，其中（a）热电极和第一接地电极的宽度明显小于第二接地电极的宽度，和（b）第一接地电极和热电极之间的间距不同于间隔在第二接地和热电极之间。由此可以获得啁啾值的范围。当第一接地电极和热电极（29,31）之间的间隔（G 1）小于第二接地电极和热电极（33,31）之间的间隔（G 2）时，优选地，热和第一接地电极具有宽度不超过15um，调制器能够在高于10GHz，可能高达约40GHz的频率下工作。

3. 发明授权

US5243648A Protective device for computers and the like 失效
标题翻译：计算机和类似的保护装置
公开(公告)号：US5243648A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US855040
申请日：1992-05-01
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Severino Scarazini
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Severino Scarazini
IPC分类号： G06F21/55 , G06F21/82 , H02H9/00
CPC分类号： G06F21/82 , G06F21/558 , H02H9/005 , Y04S40/24
摘要： In order to protect computers and the like against the pick up, the recording and the unauthorized use of data from the computers during the working thereof, and to protect them against high energy transient disturbances taking place on the main A.C. power line, a filter unit (1) is foreseen comprising a plurality of sections (19) comprising inductances (21) and capacitances (23), between which it is interposed at least a gas-discharge surge arrester (25) and varistors (27), and masking unit (3) comprising a power supply (31), a white noise generator (33) and an amplifier (35) emitting from the antenna circuit (61) said properly amplified white noise which is completely random and unpredictable, and therefore impossible to be decoded.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP90 / 01914 Sec。 371日期：1992年5月1日 102（e）日期1992年5月1日PCT提交1990年10月26日PCT公布。出版物WO91 / 07798 日期为1991年5月30日。为了保护计算机等免受拾取，在其工作期间记录和未经授权地使用来自计算机的数据，并且保护它们免受在主AC上发生的高能量瞬态干扰电力线，预期包括多个包括电感（21）和电容（23）的部分（19）的过滤器单元（1），其间插入至少一个气体放电电涌放电器（25）和变阻器（27））和包括电源（31），白噪声发生器（33）和从天线电路（61）发射的放大器（35）的掩蔽单元（3），所述正确放大的白噪声是完全随机和不可预测的，以及因此不可能被解码。

4. 发明申请

US20230087429A1 SCALABLE COHERENT PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (PIC) ARCHITECTURE 有权
公开(公告)号：US20230087429A1
公开(公告)日：2023-03-23
申请号：US18071337
申请日：2022-11-29
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Haijiang Yu , Ansheng Liu , Xiaoxing Zhu , Yuliya Akulova , Raghuram Narayan , Pierre Doussiere , Christian Malouin , Olufemi Dosunmu
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Haijiang Yu , Ansheng Liu , Xiaoxing Zhu , Yuliya Akulova , Raghuram Narayan , Pierre Doussiere , Christian Malouin , Olufemi Dosunmu
IPC分类号： G02B6/12 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/50
摘要： Embodiments herein relate to a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). The PIC may include a transmit module and a receive module. An optical port of the PIC may be coupled to the transmit module or the receive module. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) may be positioned in a signal pathway between the optical port and the transmit module or the receive module. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

5. 发明授权

US07693356B2 Lithium niobate optical modulator 有权
标题翻译：铌酸锂光调制器
公开(公告)号：US07693356B2
公开(公告)日：2010-04-06
申请号：US12208696
申请日：2008-09-11
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
IPC分类号： G02F1/035 , G02F1/03
CPC分类号： G02F1/2255 , G02F1/035 , G02F2201/126
摘要： An optical modulator comprises a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate on which is formed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having two generally parallel waveguides lying beneath a buffer layer of dielectric material. First and second ground electrodes and a hot electrode are disposed on the buffer layer, the first and second ground electrodes being spaced either side of the hot electrode, the hot electrode and the first ground electrode being proximate to at least apart of the respective waveguides. The electrode structure is unsymmetrical in that (a) the hot electrode and the first ground electrode each have a width substantially less than that of the second ground electrode and or (b) the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is different from the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes. whereby a range of chirp values can be obtained. When the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is smaller than the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes, and preferably the hot and first ground electrodes have a width not exceeding 15 .μm, the modulator is capable of operation at frequencies above 10 GHz, possibly up to around 40 GHz.
摘要翻译：光学调制器包括Z切割的铌酸锂基片，其上形成有马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其具有位于电介质材料的缓冲层之下的两个大致平行的波导。第一接地电极和第二接地电极和热电极设置在缓冲层上，第一和第二接地电极与热电极的任一侧隔开，热电极和第一接地电极接近相应波导的至少一部分。电极结构是不对称的，其中（a）热电极和第一接地电极的宽度明显小于第二接地电极的宽度，和（b）第一接地电极和热电极之间的间距不同于间隔在第二接地和热电极之间。由此可以获得啁啾值的范围。当第一接地和热电极之间的间隔小于第二接地和热电极之间的间隔时，优选地，热和第一接地电极的宽度不超过15μm，调制器能够在高于10的频率下工作 GHz，可能高达40 GHz。

6. 发明申请

US20050201653A1 System for reducing the electrical return loss of a lithium niobate traveling wave optical modulator with low characteristic impedance 有权
标题翻译：用于降低具有低特性阻抗的铌酸锂行波光调制器的回波损耗的系统
公开(公告)号：US20050201653A1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-15
申请号：US10799051
申请日：2004-03-11
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa , Mario Bonazzoli , Luigi Gobbi
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa , Mario Bonazzoli , Luigi Gobbi
IPC分类号： G02F1/03 , G02F1/035 , G02F1/295
CPC分类号： G02F1/0356 , G02F1/0121 , G02F1/0327 , G02F1/225
摘要： An electro-optical modulator is disclosed that has a microwave input, chip with a thin film resistor or a lumped resistor located between an input RF connector and an RF electrode on a Lithium Niobate chip. The accessory connection chip has a broadband attenuator like a thin film resistor which is placed in a microstrip line for effecting the electrical transmission to Lithium Niobate chip. The insertion of the thin film resistor before the RF electrode lowers the electrical return loss value as a function of frequency, allowing a lower driving voltage design or a reduced chip length without degrading the performances.
摘要翻译：公开了一种电光调制器，其具有微波输入，具有薄膜电阻的芯片或位于输入RF连接器和铌酸锂芯片上的RF电极之间的集总电阻器。附件连接芯片具有像薄膜电阻器那样的宽带衰减器，其被放置在微带线中，以实现对铌酸锂芯片的电传输。在RF电极之前插入薄膜电阻降低作为频率的函数的电返回损耗值，允许较低的驱动电压设计或减小的芯片长度而不降低性能。

7. 发明申请

US20090067770A1 LITHIUM NIOBATE OPTICAL MODULATOR 有权
标题翻译：锂离子光学调制器
公开(公告)号：US20090067770A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-12
申请号：US12208696
申请日：2008-09-11
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa
IPC分类号： G02F1/035
CPC分类号： G02F1/2255 , G02F1/035 , G02F2201/126
摘要： An optical modulator comprises a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate on which is formed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having two generally parallel waveguides lying beneath a buffer layer of dielectric material. First and second ground electrodes and a hot electrode are disposed on the buffer layer, the first and second ground electrodes being spaced either side of the hot electrode, the hot electrode and the first ground electrode being proximate to at least apart of the respective waveguides. The electrode structure is unsymmetrical in that (a) the hot electrode and the first ground electrode each have a width substantially less than that of the second ground electrode and or (b) the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is different from the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes. whereby a range of chirp values can be obtained. When the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is smaller than the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes, and preferably the hot and first ground electrodes have a width not exceeding 15 .μm, the modulator is capable of operation at frequencies above 10 GHz, possibly up to around 40 GHz.
摘要翻译：光学调制器包括Z切割的铌酸锂基片，其上形成有马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其具有位于电介质材料的缓冲层之下的两个大致平行的波导。第一接地电极和第二接地电极和热电极设置在缓冲层上，第一和第二接地电极与热电极的任一侧隔开，热电极和第一接地电极接近相应波导的至少一部分。电极结构是不对称的，其中（a）热电极和第一接地电极的宽度明显小于第二接地电极的宽度，和（b）第一接地电极和热电极之间的间距不同于间隔在第二接地和热电极之间。由此可以获得啁啾值的范围。当第一接地电极和热电极之间的间隔小于第二接地和热电极之间的间隔时，优选地，热和第一接地电极具有不超过15um的宽度，调制器能够在高于10的频率下操作 GHz，可能高达40 GHz。

8. 发明授权

US07228014B2 System for reducing the electrical return loss of a lithium niobate traveling wave optical modulator with low characteristic impedance 有权
标题翻译：用于降低具有低特性阻抗的铌酸锂行波光调制器的回波损耗的系统
公开(公告)号：US07228014B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-05
申请号：US10799051
申请日：2004-03-11
申请人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa , Mario Bonazzoli , Luigi Gobbi
发明人： Giovanni Gilardi , Paolo Milanese , Simone Pensa , Mario Bonazzoli , Luigi Gobbi
IPC分类号： G02F1/035 , G02F1/295 , G02F1/03 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/255
CPC分类号： G02F1/0356 , G02F1/0121 , G02F1/0327 , G02F1/225
摘要： An electro-optical modulator is disclosed that has a microwave input, chip with a thin film resistor or a lumped resistor located between an input RF connector and an RF electrode on a Lithium Niobate chip. The accessory connection chip has a broadband attenuator like a thin film resistor which is placed in a microstrip line for effecting the electrical transmission to Lithium Niobate chip. The insertion of the thin film resistor before the RF electrode lowers the electrical return loss value as a function of frequency, allowing a lower driving voltage design or a reduced chip length without degrading the performances.
摘要翻译：公开了一种电光调制器，其具有微波输入，具有薄膜电阻的芯片或位于输入RF连接器和铌酸锂芯片上的RF电极之间的集总电阻器。附件连接芯片具有像薄膜电阻器那样的宽带衰减器，其被放置在微带线中，以实现对铌酸锂芯片的电传输。在RF电极之前插入薄膜电阻降低作为频率的函数的电返回损耗值，允许较低的驱动电压设计或减小的芯片长度而不降低性能。

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