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1. 发明授权

US4594000A Method and apparatus for optically measuring distance and velocity 失效
标题翻译：用于光学测量距离和速度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4594000A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-10
申请号：US481987
申请日：1983-04-04
申请人： Robert A. Falk , Gary L. Phillis
发明人： Robert A. Falk , Gary L. Phillis
IPC分类号： G01S17/32 , G01C3/08 , G01P3/36
CPC分类号： G01S17/325
摘要： An apparatus is provided for use in determining the distance and velocity of a distant object. The apparatus employs a low energy optical radiation source that emits identical external and internal radiation signals whose wavelengths are swept. The wavelength sweep is induced by varying the magnitude of an electrical input supplied to the optical radiation source. An external ranging system employs common optical means, including polarizing means, to direct the external signal towards a distant object, and to receive a portion of that signal which reflects off of the object. First optical heterodyne means are provided to mix the reflected external signal and a local oscillator signal derived from the external optical radiation signal, to produce an output signal. Means are provided to determine representative values of the frequency of that output signal. An internal processing system directs the internal signal into an optical delay means of a known length. Upon exiting the optical delay means, the delayed internal signal is received by a second optical heterodyne means and mixed therein with a local oscillator signal derived from the internal optical radiation signal. Means are provided to determine a representative value of the frequency of the output signal from the second optical heterodyne means. Additional means are provided to determine the central frequency of the external and internal optical radiation signals. Finally, processor means utilize the representative frequency values derived from the external ranging system and internal processing system, and the central frequency value, to calculate the distance and velocity of the distant object.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于确定远距离物体的距离和速度的装置。该装置采用发射波长相同的外部和内部辐射信号的低能量光辐射源。波长扫描是通过改变提供给光学辐射源的电输入的幅度而引起的。外部测距系统采用通常的光学装置，包括偏振装置，以将外部信号引向远距离的物体，并且接收从该物体反射的该信号的一部分。提供第一光学外差装置以混合反射的外部信号和从外部光辐射信号导出的本地振荡器信号，以产生输出信号。提供装置以确定该输出信号的频率的代表值。内部处理系统将内部信号引导成已知长度的光学延迟装置。在退出光延迟装置时，被延迟的内部信号由第二光学外差装置接收，并在其中与从内部光辐射信号导出的本地振荡器信号混合。提供了用于确定来自第二光学外差装置的输出信号的频率的代表值的装置。提供额外的手段来确定外部和内部光辐射信号的中心频率。最后，处理器装置利用从外部测距系统和内部处理系统导出的代表性频率值和中心频率值来计算远距离物体的距离和速度。

2. 发明授权

US4611912A Method and apparatus for optically measuring distance and velocity 失效
标题翻译：用于光学测量距离和速度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4611912A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-16
申请号：US481988
申请日：1983-04-04
申请人： Robert A. Falk , Gary L. Phillis
发明人： Robert A. Falk , Gary L. Phillis
IPC分类号： G01S17/32 , G01S17/58 , G01C3/08 , G01P3/36
CPC分类号： G01S17/325 , G01S17/58
摘要： An apparatus is provided for use in optically determining distance and velocity relating to an object. The apparatus includes an optical radiation source that emits a first optical radiation signal of a modulating amplitude. The amplitude modulation of the first optical radiation signal is swept over a predetermined frequency range in a predetermined time period. Common optical components are employed to direct the first optical radiation signal towards the object, and to receive a portion of the first optical radiation signal that reflects off of the object. A portion of the first optical radiation signal is internally reflected by one of the common optical components to obtain a second optical radiation signal. An optical heterodyne detector optically mixes the received first and second optical radiation signals to produce an electrical output signal. The frequency of the electrical output signal is measured, and the frequency measurements are used to determine first and second frequency components. The first frequency component and the aforementioned predetermined frequency sweep time period are used to determine the distance of the object relative to the apparatus, and the second frequency component, which represents a Doppler shift, is employed to determine the velocity of the object.
摘要翻译：提供一种用于光学地确定与物体相关的距离和速度的装置。该装置包括发射调制振幅的第一光辐射信号的光辐射源。第一光辐射信号的幅度调制在预定时间段内扫过预定频率范围。采用普通光学部件将第一光辐射信号引导到物体，并且接收反射离开物体的第一光辐射信号的一部分。第一光辐射信号的一部分由公共光学部件之一内部反射，以获得第二光辐射信号。光学外差检测器将所接收的第一和第二光辐射信号光学地混合以产生电输出信号。测量电输出信号的频率，使用频率测量来确定第一和第二频率分量。使用第一频率分量和上述预定频率扫描时间周期来确定对象相对于装置的距离，并且采用表示多普勒频移的第二频率分量来确定对象的速度。

3. 发明授权

US5400264A Suboptimal joint probabilistic data association 失效
标题翻译：次优联合概率数据关联
公开(公告)号：US5400264A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-21
申请号：US054812
申请日：1993-04-29
申请人： Gary L. Phillis , James A. Roecker
发明人： Gary L. Phillis , James A. Roecker
IPC分类号： G01S13/72 , G01S17/00
CPC分类号： G01S13/726
摘要： A computer method for accurate target tracking by a faster method for hit-to-target data association. The method involves using an approximation of a weighted centroid of hits to update the calculated tracks. The result, while losing theoretical accuracy since it approximates the calculation, produces fast calculations. Further, the calculated result has sufficient accuracy for most practical applications.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过更快的命中目标数据关联方法进行精确目标跟踪的计算机方法。该方法包括使用命中的加权质心的近似来更新计算的轨道。结果，由于它近似于计算，在失去理论精度的同时，产生快速计算。此外，对于大多数实际应用，计算结果具有足够的精度。

4. 发明授权

US4627722A Method and apparatus for optically measuring three-dimensional coordinates 失效
标题翻译：用于光学测量三维坐标的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4627722A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-09
申请号：US646638
申请日：1984-08-31
申请人： Robert A. Falk , Gary L. Phillis
发明人： Robert A. Falk , Gary L. Phillis
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01B11/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/002 , G01B9/02032 , G01B9/02057 , G01B2290/25
摘要： The disclosed apparatus provides a point optical radiation source (i.e. point light source), at one or more distant points, the three-dimensional coordinates of which are to be measured relative to a known frame of reference. Each point light source emits light waves of a known wavelength which are received by the front plate of a multiple-beam interferometer means having a known angle of light acceptance. With respect to the light waves transmitted by each point light source and received by the interferometer means, a set of non-localized multiple-beam interference fringes are created within the interferometer means. A photo-electric detection means is provided a known distance from the back plate of the multiple-beam interferometer means and is positioned so that the interferometer means and photo-electric detection means have a common optical center axis. The intersection of such optical center axis and the plane defined by the back plate of the interferometer means establishes the origin of the known frame of reference. The photo-electric detection means both detects the two-dimensional position of at least the innermost fringe of each set of interference fringes, and transmits the detected positional information to a processor means by electric signals. The processor means employs the electric signals to determine the coordinate values for the center point of each set of interference fringes relative to the common optical center axis, and determines the radius of the innermost fringe of each set of interference fringes. Such determinations allow the processor means to calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the distant points relative to the known frame of reference.
摘要翻译：所公开的装置在一个或多个远点处提供相对于已知的参考系来测量三维坐标的点光源（即点光源）。每个点光源发射已知波长的光波，其由具有已知的光接收角的多光束干涉仪装置的前板接收。对于由每个点光源发送并由干涉仪装置接收的光波，在干涉仪装置内产生一组非局部多光束干涉条纹。光电检测装置设置在与多光束干涉仪装置的背板已知的距离处，并且被定位成使得干涉仪装置和光电检测装置具有共同的光中心轴。这种光学中心轴与由干涉仪装置的背板限定的平面的交点确定了已知参考系的原点。光电检测装置检测至少每组干涉条纹的最内边缘的二维位置，并通过电信号将检测到的位置信息发送到处理器装置。处理器装置采用电信号来确定每组干涉条纹相对于公共光学中心轴的中心点的坐标值，并且确定每组干涉条纹的最内边缘的半径。这种确定允许处理器装置计算相对于已知参考系的远点的三维坐标。

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