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    • 1. 发明专利
    • Modification of the properties of fibrous materials
    • GB760598A
    • 1956-11-07
    • GB3346553
    • 1953-12-02
    • ICI LTDARTHUR LOWEGERALD WILLIAMS
    • C14C3/08C14C9/00D06M13/422D21H11/20D21H17/07D21H17/08
    • Fibrous material is treated with an organic hydrazide and nitrous acid and subsequently dried. The nitrous acid, in the form of an alkali metal nitrite, may be applied to the material together with the hydrazide in the same aqueous solution, and the impregnated material dried and treated with an acid to liberate the nitrous acid, or the material may be impregnated with an aqueous solution of an acid salt of the hydrazide and subsequently treated with an aqueous solution of the nitrite. Between these steps the material may be dried, with or without tension, at temperatures up to 125 DEG C. The impregnations may be effected at temperatures between 0 DEG C. and 100 DEG C. After drying, the impregnated material may be baked at temperatures from 50 DEG to 200 DEG C. The hydrazide is presumed to react with the nitrous acid within the fibres to form the corresponding azide, and the azide is presumed to decompose upon heating to form the corresponding isocyanate. Urea, dithiourea, acetamide, benzene sulphonamide, p-toluene sulphonamide, cyanamide, guanidine, aminoguanidine or softeningagents may be included in the solution containing the hydrazide, and formaldehyde may be added either to the hydrazide solution or the nitrite solution or to the solution containing the nitrite and hydrazide. The hydrazide may be the dihydrazide of succinic, glutaric, adipic or sebacic acid, hexadecane-1:16-dicarboxylic acid dihydrazide, benzoic acid hydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, citric acid trihydrazide, stearic acid hydrazide, hydroxy-stearic acid hydrazide or polyacrylic acid polyhydrazide, and these may be used as such or as hydrochlorides. The materials treated may be fabrics of cotton, viscose rayon, cellulose acetate, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, or natural or regenerated protein fibres or paper. In examples: (2) a cotton fabric is immersed in an aqueous dispersion containing sebacic acid dihydrazide, sodium nitrite and the disodium salt of methylene dinaphthalene sulphonic acid, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, dried at 50 DEG C., impregnated in an aqueous solution of acetic acid, dried at 20 DEG to 30 DEG C., glazed on a calendar at 200 DEG C., heated at 150 DEG C. for 3 minutes and washed in soap solution and then in water; (4) a viscose rayon staple fibre fabric is immersed in an aqueous solution of sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, dried at 20 DEG to 50 DEG C., immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, stretched to its original dimensions on a pin stenter and dried and baked in an oven at 150 DEG C.; (5) a sheet of absorbent paper is passed through an aqueous solution of sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride, squeezed to 200 per cent by weight take-up, dried at 100 DEG C., impregnated with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite, dried and baked at 120 DEG C.; (6) a viscose rayon staple fibre fabric is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and acetamide, squeezed to a take-up of 75 per cent by weight, dried on a pin stenter at 100 DEG C., sprayed while on the stenter with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and dried and baked in an oven at 125 DEG C. while on the stenter frame; (10) a mercerized cotton gaberdine fabric is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and 11-hydroxystearic acid hydrazide hydrochloride at 80 DEG C., squeezed to a take-up of 60 per cent by weight, air-dried, impregnated with an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde and sodium nitrite at 20 DEG C. and rinsed in warm water; (14) a cotton fabric is immersed in an aqueous solution of sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, impregnated with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite, squeezed to 100 per cent by weight take-up, conditioned to contain 10 per cent by weight of moisture, embossed and heated at 140 DEG C. or conditioned at room temperature for 24 hours; (18) a cloth made from polyethylene terephthalate yarn is padded with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and stearic acid hydrazide hydrochloride at 80 DEG C., squeezed to a take-up of 35 per cent by weight, dried at 50 DEG to 60 DEG C., padded with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite at 20 DEG C., squeezed and heated at 120 DEG C.; (19) a polyamide cloth is padded with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and 11-hydroxystearic acid hydrazide hydrochloride, squeezed to a take-up of 45 per cent by weight, air-dried, padded with an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde and sodium nitrite, squeezed to a 45 per cent by weight take-up and heated at 125 DEG C.ALSO:Fabrics are treated with an organic hydrazide and nitrous acid and subsequently dried. The nitrous acid, in the form of an alkali metal nitrite, may be applied to the material together with the hydrazide in the same aqueous solution, and the impregnated material dried and treated with an acid to liberate the nitrous acid, or the material may be impregnated with an aqueous solution of an acid salt of the hydrazide and subsequently treated with an aqueous solution of the nitrite. Between these steps the material may be dried, with or without tension, at temperatures up to 125 DEG C. The impregnations may be effected at temperatures between 0 DEG C. and 100 DEG C. After drying, the impregnated material may be baked at temperatures from 50 DEG C. to 200 DEG C. The hydrazide is presumed to react with the nitrous acid within the fibres to form the corresponding azide, and the azide is presumed to decompose upon heating to form the corresponding isocyanate. Urea, dithiourea, acetamide, benzene sulphonamide, p - toluene sulphonamide, cyanamide, guanidine, aminoguanidine or softening agents may be included in the solution containing the hydrazide, and formaldehyde may be added either to the hydrazide solution or the nitrite solution or to the solution containing the nitrite and hydrazide. Fabrics treated according to the process may be subjected to a subsequent calendering, embossing, beetling, rippling, pressing or Schreinering operation. The hydrazide may be the dihydrazide of succinic, glutaric, adipic or sebacic acid, hexadecane - 1 : 16 - dicarboxylic acid dihydrazide, benzoic acid hydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, citric acid trihydrazide, stearic acid hydrazide, hydroxy - stearic acid hydrazide or polyacrylic acid polyhydrazide, and these may be used as such or as hydrochlorides. The materials treated may be fabrics of cotton, viscose rayon, cellulose acetate, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, or natural or regenerated protein fibres. In examples, (2) a cotton fabric is immersed in an aqueous dispersion containing sebacic acid dihydrazide, sodium nitrite and the disodium salt of methylene dinaphthalene sulphonic acid, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, dried at 50 DEG C., impregnated in an aqueous solution of acetic acid, dried at 20 DEG to 30 DEG C., glazed on a calender at 200 DEG C., heated at 150 DEG C. for 3 minutes and washed in soap solution and then in water; (4) a viscose rayon staple fibre fabric is immersed in an aqueous solution of sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, dried at 20 DEG to 50 DEG C., immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, stretched to its original dimensions on a pin stenter and dried and baked in an oven at 150 DEG C.; (6) a viscose rayon staple fibre fabric is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and acetamide, squeezed to a take-up of 75 per cent by weight, dried on a pin stenter at 100 DEG C., sprayed while on the stenter with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and dried and baked in an oven at 125 DEG C. while on the stenter frame; (10) a mercerized cotton gaberdine fabric is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and 11 - hydroxystearic acid hydrazide hydrochloride at 80 DEG C., squeezed to a take-up of 60 per cent by weight, air-dried, impregnated with an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde and sodium nitrite at 20 DEG C., squeezed to a take-up of 60 per cent by weight, baked at 130 DEG C. and rinsed in warm water; (14) a cotton fabric is immersed in an aqueous solution of sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride, squeezed to 75 per cent by weight take-up, impregnated with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite, squeezed to 100 per cent by weight take-up, conditioned to contain 10 per cent by weight of moisture, embossed and heated at 140 DEG C. or conditioned at room temperature for 24 hours; (18) a cloth made from polyethylene terephthalate yarn is padded with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and stearic acid hydrazide hydrochloride at 80 DEG C., squeezed to a take-up of 35 per cent by weight, dried at 50 DEG to 60 DEG C., padded with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite at 20 DEG C., squeezed and heated at 120 DEG C.; (19) a polyamide cloth is padded with an aqueous solution containing sebacic acid dihydrazide dihydrochloride and 11-hydroxystearic acid hydrazide hydrochloride, squeezed to a take-up of 45 per cent by weight, air-dried, padded with an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde and sodium nitrite, qsueezed to a 45 per cent by weight take-up and heated at 125 DEG C.
    • 5. 发明专利
    • Textile treatment process
    • GB849368A
    • 1960-09-28
    • GB1978357
    • 1957-06-24
    • JAMES ALBERT MOYSEGERALD WILLIAMSICI LTD
    • D06M13/358
    • Finishes possessing improved resistance to wet treatments are produced by treating textile materials at a pH greater than 7 with a water-sensitive finishing agent which is a non-coloured organic substance containing free hydroxy- or amino-groups and a non-self-condensable substantially non-fluorescent mono- or di-halogeno -1 : 3 : 5-triazine and then heating. Suitable water-sensitive finishing agents are protein-aceous materials, e.g. casein and gelatin, high molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds, e.g. starches, starch ethers, dextrins, cellulose ethers and polyvinyl alcohol, and water-soluble or water-insoluble amines in the form of water-soluble salts with organic acids, e.g. long-chain aliphatic amines, such as octadecylamine, alkylated arylamines containing a long aliphatic carbon chain in the molecule, such as 4-octadecylaniline and 4-octadecylphenyl biguanide, and the reaction products of long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids with polyalkylene polyamines. The mono- and di-halogeno -1 : 3 : 5- triazines may be water-soluble or water-insoluble, colourless or coloured. Suitable water-insoluble triazine compounds are those in which alkyl, cyclo-alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups are attached to the triazine nucleus or in which an organic radical is attached to the triazine nucleus through a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom and suitable water-soluble triazine compounds are those having an organic radical carrying either a negatively charged solubilizing group, e.g. a sulphonic or carboxylic group, or a positively charged solubilizing group, e.g. a quaternary ammonium group, attached through a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom to a carbon atom of the triazine ring. Water soluble triazine compounds may be applied as an aqueous solution and water insoluble triazine compounds as an aqueous dispersion prepared by stirring or milling with an anionic, cationic or non-ionic dispersing agent. The solution may be rendered alkaline by the addition of sodium or potassium hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates or trisodium phosphates or mixtures thereof. The treatment is preferably carried out at 10 DEG C.-100 DEG C., the finishing agent, triazine and alkali being applied simultaneously or successively in any order with drying after each stage of treatment. The treated material is then heated by steaming or by passage through a heated chamber, over heated drying cylinders or through a bath of molten metal at a temperature up to 150 DEG C. for up to 15 minutes. Specified fibres are cotton, viscose rayon, cellulose acetate, polyamides, polyesters and wool, the handle of the fibres being modified by the treatment. In Example 8 cotton cloth is impregnated with an aqueous composition comprising gelatin, china clay, the pigment Monolite Fast Scarlet R.N.V., 2-b -naphthoxy -4 : 6- dichloro -1 : 3 : 5- triazine and sodium bicarbonate, dried, calendered at 70 DEG C. without friction and then heated at 110 DEG C. and in Example 14 a cotton cloth is dyed and stiffened by impregnation with an aqueous composition comprising gelatin, the sodium salt of 1 -amino -4- [41-(4 : 6-dichloro -1 : 3 : 5-triazin -2- yl) amino -31- sulphoanilin] -anthraquinone -2 : 5- disulphonic acid and sodium bicarbonate, followed by heating at 115 DEG C.
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for fast W-CDMA acquisition
    • 用于快速W-CDMA采集的方法和装置
    • US07391756B2
    • 2008-06-24
    • US10473921
    • 2002-04-02
    • Gerald WilliamsDiego GiancolaAndrew Papageorgiou
    • Gerald WilliamsDiego GiancolaAndrew Papageorgiou
    • H04B7/216
    • H04B1/70735H04B1/7083H04B2201/70702
    • Apparatus for classifying a ray is disclosed, wherein the ray is received at a code division multiple access receiver. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving a neighbouring cell list comprising at least information concerning scrambling codes used by, and timing information concerning at least one neighbouring cell; means for selecting a cell from the neighbouring cell list, the cell having associated therewith one or more scrambling codes; means for determining whether the number of cells in the neighbouring cell list exceeds a threshold; means responsive to a positive determination for attempting to classify the ray to the selected cell without utilising means for mixing a received signal with a scrambling code; and means responsive to a negative determination for mixing a received signal with a scrambling code used by the selected cell to provide a mixed signal, and for examining the mixed signal to determine if the ray originates from the cell.
    • 公开了用于对射线进行分类的装置,其中在码分多址接收机处接收射线。 该装置包括:用于接收相邻小区列表的装置,该相邻小区列表至少包括关于使用的扰码的信息和定时关于至少一个相邻小区的信息; 用于从相邻小区列表中选择小区的装置,所述小区具有与其相关联的一个或多个扰码; 用于确定所述相邻小区列表中的小区数是否超过阈值的装置; 响应于肯定确定的装置,用于尝试将射线分类到所选择的小区,而不使用用于将接收的信号与扰码混合的装置; 以及响应于将接收到的信号与所选择的单元使用的扰码混合以提供混合信号的否定确定的装置,以及用于检查混合信号以确定该光线是否源自该小区。