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1. 发明授权

US5136377A Adaptive non-linear quantizer 失效
标题翻译：自适应非线性量子
公开(公告)号：US5136377A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-04
申请号：US626279
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
IPC分类号： H03M7/30 , G06T9/00 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/28 , H04N7/30 , H04N7/50 , H04N11/04
CPC分类号： H04N19/94 , H04N19/126 , H04N19/139 , H04N19/14 , H04N19/154 , H04N19/172 , H04N19/176 , H04N19/60 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/63 , H04N19/10 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/146 , H04N19/152
摘要： A quantizer, with quantization control that is sensitive to input signal characteristics and to output buffer fullness responds to an input signal that is divided into blocks and DCT transformed. The transformed signal is analyzed to develop a brightness correction and to evaluate the texture of the image and the change in texture in the image. Based on these, and in concert with the human visual perception model, perception threshold signals are created for each subband of the transformed signal. Concurrently, scale factors for each subband of the transformed signal are computed, and a measure of variability in the transformed input signal is calculated. A measure of the fullness of the buffer to which the quantizer sends its encoded results is obtained, and that measure is combined with the calculated signal variability to develop a correction signal. The correction signal modifies the perception threshold signals to develop threshold control signals that are applied to the quantizer. The scale factors are also applied to the quantizer, as well as a global target distortion measure.

2. 发明授权

US5128756A High definition television coding arrangement with graceful degradation 失效
标题翻译：高定义电视编码装置与严重降解
公开(公告)号：US5128756A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-07
申请号：US625349
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
IPC分类号： H03M7/30 , G06T9/00 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/32 , H04N7/50 , H04N11/04
CPC分类号： H04N19/895 , H04N19/37 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/61
摘要： Graceful degradation for digitally encoded HDTV signals is achieved by appropriately coding the image to provide a controllable degradation of chosen image characteristics, such as temporal degradation, spatial degradation, and dynamic range degradation. In the temporal degradation approach of this invention, the resolution of movement suffers when noise is introduced. In the spatial degradation approach, the spatial resolution of the image is sacrificed. In the range degradation approach, the dynamic range of the signals is sacrificed. The graceful degradation is achieved by dividing the transmitted signal into two or more parts, such as parts A, B and C. Part A is given the heaviest error-correcting code; part B is given a "medium" error correcting code; and part C the is given the least powerful error correcting code (or perhaps none at all). A receiver that is close to the transmitter most likely receives parts A, B and C. A receiver that is farther away gets a noisier signal might and, perhaps, correctly receive only parts A and B. A receiver that is at the limits of the transmitter range might receive correctly only part A. Of course, the signals of parts A, B and C are constructed in a hierarchical fashion so that part A provides basic signal information; part B augments the basic information to produce a better picture; and part C augments part A plus B to produce the highest resolution picture.

3. 发明授权

US06229570B1 Motion compensation image interpolation—frame rate conversion for HDTV 有权
标题翻译：高清电视的运动补偿图像插值 - 帧速率转换
公开(公告)号：US06229570B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US09161337
申请日：1998-09-25
申请人： Kobad Bugwadia , Eric D. Petajan , Narindra N. Puri
发明人： Kobad Bugwadia , Eric D. Petajan , Narindra N. Puri
IPC分类号： H04N701
CPC分类号： H04N7/014 , H04N7/0125
摘要： A process for up-converting an existing video source signal having a low frequency (frames/second) to a high frequency signal for use with High Definition Television (HDTV). The process samples the existing frames in the existing video signal and calculates integer displacements of pels within the existing frames. A polynomial curve fit is then performed on the displacements to obtain estimates of horizontal and vertical displacements of each block in each existing frame. Based on the alignment of the blocks within a sampling grid on each frame, the blocks are segregated into groups. The block groups are then used to interpolate missing or required frames of the high frequency signal in a piecemeal manner by utilizing blocks of a particular block group to estimate a corresponding block in a frame of the high frequency signal.
摘要翻译：用于将具有低频（帧/秒）的现有视频源信号上转换为用于高清晰度电视（HDTV）的高频信号的处理。该过程对现有视频信号中的现有帧进行采样，并计算现有帧内的像素的整数位移。然后对位移进行多项式曲线拟合，以获得每个现有帧中每个块的水平和垂直位移的估计。基于每个帧上的采样网格内的块的对准，块被分离成组。然后，块组用于通过利用特定块组的块估计高频信号的帧中的对应块，以零碎的方式内插高频信号的丢失或所需帧。

4. 发明授权

US5134477A HDTV receiver 失效
标题翻译：高清电视接收器
公开(公告)号：US5134477A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US626355
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
IPC分类号： H03M7/30 , H04B1/16 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/28 , H04N7/32 , H04N7/50 , H04N11/04 , H04N21/236 , H04N21/434
CPC分类号： H04N21/434 , H04N19/00 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/94 , H04N21/236 , H04N19/70
摘要： An HDTV receiver design includes a reconstruction section and an inner loop section. The reconstruction section comprises a receiving section for accepting the television receiver's antenna signals, for separating out the component signals from the received signals and for decoding the separated signals. The decoded signals are applied to a quantization decoder that is responsive to vector codebook and to applied quantized vector signals, and the output signals of the quantization decoder are applied to an inverse DCT circuit. The inner loop comprises an adder for adding an estimate signal to the output of the DCT circuit, a frame buffer, a motion compensation circuit that is capable of translating large blocks as well as small blocks and a leak circuit that modulates the output of the motion compensator circuit in accordance with a received leak control signal. The input to the frame buffer is also applied to conventional amplification and display circuits to form the familiar output of a television receiver.

5. 发明授权

US5083206A High definition television arrangement including noise immunity means 失效
标题翻译：高分辨率电视布置包括抗噪声手段
公开(公告)号：US5083206A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US495507
申请日：1990-03-19
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Peter H. Westerink
IPC分类号： H04N7/00 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/18 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/28
CPC分类号： H04N19/61 , H04N19/619 , H04N19/63 , H04N19/94 , H04N19/98 , H04N7/015
摘要： A high definition television system that is characterized by low transmission bandwidth is achieved by removing much of the redundancies in the signal, efficiently encoding the remaining signals, and transmitting the encoded signal in a manner that is most compatible with the applicable standards. To enhance noise immunity a number of techniques are employed. One is to encode adjacent low-amplitude signals into larger signal samples, another one is the introduction of a controllable gain feature, a third one is the introduction of both fixed and variable leak, and still another one is the incorporation of signal scrambling.
摘要翻译：以低传输带宽为特征的高分辨率电视系统通过消除信号中的大量冗余，有效编码剩余信号，并以与适用标准最相容的方式发送编码信号来实现。为了提高抗噪能力，采用了许多技术。一个是将相邻的低振幅信号编码成更大的信号样本，另一个是引入可控增益特征，第三个是引入固定和可变泄漏，另一个是引入信号加扰。

6. 发明授权

US5243419A Soft coding for HDTV 失效
标题翻译：高清电视的软编码
公开(公告)号：US5243419A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US785671
申请日：1991-10-31
申请人： Alireza F. Faryar , Scott C. Knauer , George J. Kustka , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Alireza F. Faryar , Scott C. Knauer , George J. Kustka , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Peter H. Westerink
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04N7/30 , H04N7/54 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/438
CPC分类号： H04N21/2383 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/147 , H04N19/152 , H04N19/154 , H04N19/184 , H04N19/37 , H04N19/60 , H04N21/4382 , H04N7/54 , H04N19/146
摘要： Blocks of HDTV picture information are selected for transmission at a plurality of channel rates of an HDTV transmitter. The size of each block of HDTV picture information is dependent on a target distortion parameter for the HDTV picture information. As a result of this selection, a portion of each block of HDTV picture information is transmitted at the lower channel rate, with the result that the HDTV transmitter range is maximized while maintaining a picture quality for the resulting HDTV video image.
摘要翻译：选择HDTV图像信息块，以便在HDTV发射机的多个信道速率下传输。 HDTV图像信息的每个块的大小取决于HDTV图像信息的目标失真参数。作为该选择的结果，HDTV图像信息的每个块的一部分以较低的信道速率发送，结果是HDTV发射机范围最大化，同时保持所得到的HDTV视频图像的图像质量。

7. 发明授权

US5063444A High definition television arrangement with signal selections adapted to the available transmission capacity 失效
标题翻译：具有适应于可用传输容量的信号选择的高分辨率电视装置
公开(公告)号：US5063444A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-05
申请号：US495523
申请日：1990-03-19
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
IPC分类号： G06T9/00 , H04N7/00 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/18 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/28 , H04N7/36 , H04N7/54
CPC分类号： H04N7/015 , G06T9/008 , H04N19/37 , H04N19/523 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/63 , H04N19/94 , H04N7/54
摘要： A high definition television system that is characterized by low transmission bandwidth is achieved by removing redundancies in the signal, encoding the remaining signals, and transmitting the encoded signal in a manner that is most compatible with the applicable standards. In the encoding, groups of signals to be sent are mapped to codebook vectors and the identities of the codebook vectors are sent together with those signals of the groups of signals that correspond to the codebook vectors. To insure that the total number of signals that are sent does not exceed the available capacity, the signals are sorted by a selected importance parameter and assigned for transmission in descending order of importance until the capacity is exhausted. Signals that are not assigned for transmission are discarded.
摘要翻译：具有低传输带宽特征的高清晰度电视系统通过去除信号中的冗余，对其余信号进行编码并以与适用标准最相容的方式发送编码信号来实现。在编码中，要发送的信号组被映射到码本向量，并且码本矢量的标识与对应于码本矢量的信号组的那些信号一起发送。为了确保所发送的信号总数不超过可用容量，信号按选择的重要性参数进行分类，并按重要的降序分配传输，直到容量耗尽。未分配用于传输的信号被丢弃。

8. 发明授权

US5043808A High definition television arrangement employing motion compensated prediction error signals 失效
标题翻译：采用运动补偿预测误差信号的高分辨率电视装置
公开(公告)号：US5043808A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US495525
申请日：1990-03-19
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek
IPC分类号： H04N7/18 , G06T9/00 , H03M7/36 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/36 , H04N7/50
CPC分类号： H04N7/015 , H04N19/51 , H04N19/61
摘要： A high definition television system that is characterized by low transmission bandwidth is achieved by in a manner removing much of the redundancies in the signal, efficiently encoding the remaining signals, and transmitting the encoded signal in a manner that is most compatible with the applicable standards. Specifically, the television signal is encoded by developing motion vectors that describe the best motion estimate of the image to be transmitted, by developing motion estimation error signals, by encoding these error signals within the same bandwidth as occupied by standard NTSC signals and by transmitting the encoded error signals during periods that correspond to the active scan intervals of the NTSC TV signal. The motion vectors themselves, together with video and control signals, are transmitted during the NTSC retrace period.
摘要翻译：具有低传输带宽特征的高清晰度电视系统通过以消除信号中的大量冗余，有效编码剩余信号并以与适用标准最相容的方式发送编码信号的方式实现。具体地说，电视信号是通过对通过显示运动估计误差信号进行描述所要发送的图像的最佳运动估计的运动矢量进行编码的，通过对与标准NTSC信号占用的相同带宽内的这些误差信号进行编码，在对应于NTSC电视信号的有效扫描间隔的周期期间编码的误差信号。运动矢量本身以及视频和控制信号在NTSC回扫期间被传送。

9. 发明授权

US4975960A Electronic facial tracking and detection system and method and apparatus for automated speech recognition 失效
标题翻译：电子面部跟踪检测系统及自动语音识别方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US4975960A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-04
申请号：US741298
申请日：1985-06-03
申请人： Eric D. Petajan
发明人： Eric D. Petajan
IPC分类号： G06K9/62 , G07C9/00 , G10L15/24
CPC分类号： G07C9/00158 , G10L15/24
摘要： The apparatus includes circuitry for obtaining a video image of an individual's face, circuitry for electronically locating and tracking a first feature, such as the nostrils, of the facial image for use as reference coordinates and circuitry responsive to the reference coordinates for locating and tracking a second facial feature, such as the mouth, of the facial image with respect to the first feature. By tracking the location of the nostrils, the apparatus can follow the movement of the mouth, and thereby automatically recognize speech. In a preferred embodiment, the video image is grayscale encoded and the raster lines are smoothed to eliminate noise. The transitions between gray levels of the smoothed image are encoded and the resulting transition code is used to form a contour map of the image from which region parameters are computed which can be compared against stored speech templates to recognize speech. In the preferred embodiment, acoustic speech recognition is combined with visual speech recognition to improve accuracy.
摘要翻译：该装置包括用于获得个人脸部的视频图像的电路，用于电子定位和跟踪面部图像的第一特征（例如鼻孔）以用作参考坐标的电路和响应于用于定位和跟踪的基准坐标的电路面部图像相对于第一特征的第二面部特征，例如口部。通过跟踪鼻孔的位置，该装置可以跟随嘴的移动，从而自动识别语音。在优选实施例中，视频图像被灰度编码，光栅线被平滑以消除噪声。平滑图像的灰度级之间的转换被编码，并且所得到的转换代码被用于形成图像的轮廓图，从其计算区域参数，其可以与存储的语音模板进行比较以识别语音。在优选实施例中，声学语音识别与视觉语音识别相结合以提高精度。

10. 发明授权

US5377014A Apparatus and method for displaying recorded compressed digital high definition video information 失效
标题翻译：用于显示记录的压缩数字高清晰度视频信息的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5377014A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-27
申请号：US817206
申请日：1992-01-06
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan
IPC分类号： G11B20/10 , H04N5/783 , H04N5/92 , H04N5/926 , H04N5/93 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/32 , H04N7/54 , H04N7/66 , H04N9/804 , H04N9/808 , H04N19/50 , H04N21/236 , H04N21/434 , H04N7/13
CPC分类号： H04N21/236 , H04N21/434 , H04N5/9264 , H04N5/93 , H04N7/54 , H04N5/783
摘要： An apparatus provides digital data representative of a compressed high definition video image signal in a manner such that a conventional video tape recorder (VTR) employing current electrical and mechanical technologies is adaptable for reading this data for display in special modes such as fast forward, reverse and still frame. To minimize the loss of data while the VTR is operating in one of these special modes, the data representative of the high definition image signal is decoded by the apparatus to yield available time slots in the data stream. These time slots are then filled with data which duplicates the most important of the original transmitted data then existing in other time slots in the data stream. This duplicating of the data increases the likelihood that the important picture information will be read by the VTR while operating in a special mode. To facilitate fast recovery from lost of synchronization, the apparatus utilizes a small fraction of the original image which is included in each section or slice of the transmitted image. As synchronization is reacquired, the high definition video image is built from the image found in the slices.
摘要翻译：一种装置提供表示压缩的高分辨率视频图像信号的数字数据，使得采用当前电气和机械技术的传统磁带录像机（VTR）适于读取该数据以在诸如快进，反向并且仍然框架。为了在VTR以这些特殊模式之一工作的情况下最小化数据丢失，表示高分辨率图像信号的数据被该装置解码以产生数据流中的可用时隙。这些时隙然后用与数据流中的其他时隙中存在的最重要的原始传输数据重复的数据进行填充。这种数据的复制增加了在特殊模式下操作时VTR将读取重要图像信息的可能性。为了便于从失去同步的快速恢复，该装置利用原始图像的一小部分，其被包括在所传输图像的每个部分或切片中。随着重新获得同步，高分辨率视频图像是从切片中发现的图像构建的。

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