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1. 发明授权

US4880473A Process for the production of fermentable sugars from biomass 失效
标题翻译：从生物质生产可发酵糖的方法
公开(公告)号：US4880473A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US176681
申请日：1988-04-01
申请人： Donald S. Scott , Jan Piskorz
发明人： Donald S. Scott , Jan Piskorz
IPC分类号： C13K1/02 , C13K13/00
CPC分类号： C10B53/02 , C10B57/08 , C10C5/00 , C13K1/02 , C13K13/002 , Y02E50/14
摘要： A process for the production of fermentable sugars from wood or other cellulose-containing biomasses, comprises the steps of (a) hydrolysing the biomass with a dilute sulfuric acid to dissolve hemicellulose while leaving most of cellulose in a solid phase, (b) separating the cellulose-containing solid phase, (c) subjecting the solid phase to rapid pyrolysis at a temperature of 400.degree.-600.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure, preferably in a fluidized bed reactor with a short vapor residence time, to obtain a crude pyrolysis product by condensing the pyrolytic vapors, (d) adjusting the water content of the crude product to form an aqueous phase with high carbohydrate content and a water-insoluble phase containing lignin-derived material, and (e) separating the aqueous phase. Optionally, the aqueous phase may be purified, e.g. by absorption.
摘要翻译：用于从木材或其它含纤维素生物质生产可发酵糖的方法包括以下步骤：（a）用稀硫酸水解生物质以溶解半纤维素，同时将大部分纤维素留在固相中，（b）将含有纤维素的固相，（c）在大气压下，优选在具有短蒸气停留时间的流化床反应器中，使固相在400℃-600℃的温度下进行快速热解，得到粗制热解产物通过冷凝热解蒸气，（d）调节粗产物的水含量以形成具有高碳水化合物含量的水相和含木质素衍生物质的水不溶相，和（e）分离水相。任选地，水相可以被纯化，例如。通过吸收。

2. 发明授权

US4574643A Two phase flowmeter 失效
标题翻译：两相流量计
公开(公告)号：US4574643A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-11
申请号：US666805
申请日：1984-10-31
申请人： Donald S. Scott , Edward Rhodes
发明人： Donald S. Scott , Edward Rhodes
IPC分类号： G01F1/36 , G01F1/74 , G01F15/08
CPC分类号： G01F1/36 , G01F1/74
摘要： The tubular flowmeter is capable of measuring two different physical parameters in a flowing mixture of liquid and gas (such as wet steam). These measurements are such that they can be used to determine the individual gas and liquid flowrates. The flowmeter comprises first means, such as an orifice plate or a twisted tape, for causing an accelerational or frictional pressure drop in the total flow. Suitable means measure such pressure drop. Downstream of the first means, is positioned means for inducing rotational motion of the total flow, to cause the mixture to separate while remaining within the same conduit into discrete liquid and gas flows. Such means may comprise a rib extending helically along the inner surface of the flowmeter. Means, such as a pitot-static tube assembly, measure a pressure head indicative of the velocity of the gas flow. Downstream from this velocity measurement device, the two phases are permitted to mix freely again, all the time remaining within the same conduit. The total flow pressure drop and gas flow velocity head measurements are used to compute or determine the individual gas and liquid flowrates.
摘要翻译：管状流量计能够测量液体和气体的流动混合物（例如湿蒸汽）中的两种不同的物理参数。这些测量使得它们可用于确定单独的气体和液体流速。流量计包括用于引起总流量中加速或摩擦压降的第一装置，例如孔板或扭曲带。合适的方法是测量这种压降。在第一装置的下游，定位用于引导总流动的旋转运动的装置，以使混合物分离，同时保持在相同导管内的离散液体和气体流中。这种装置可以包括沿着流量计的内表面螺旋延伸的肋。诸如皮托管静电管组件的手段测量表示气流速度的压头。从该速度测量装置的下游，允许两个相位再次自由混合，所有时间都保持在同一导管内。总流量压降和气体流速头测量用于计算或确定单独的气体和液体流量。

3. 发明授权

US5496464A Hydrotreating of heavy hydrocarbon oils in supercritical fluids 失效
标题翻译：在超临界流体中加氢处理重质烃油
公开(公告)号：US5496464A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-05
申请号：US385676
申请日：1995-02-08
申请人： Jan Piskorz , Desmond St. A. G. Radlein , Piotr Majerski , Donald S. Scott
发明人： Jan Piskorz , Desmond St. A. G. Radlein , Piotr Majerski , Donald S. Scott
IPC分类号： B01J3/00 , C10G1/08 , C10G47/02 , C10G47/34 , C10G1/06 , C10G45/00
CPC分类号： C10G47/34 , B01J3/008 , C10G1/083 , C10G1/086 , C10G47/02 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A process is described for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing a substantial portion of material which boils above 524.degree. C. to form lower boiling materials, which comprises adding to the heavy hydrocarbon oil as solvent a paraffinic, isoparaffinic or cyclic paraffinic hydrocarbon which is also hydrogen-rich and has a critical temperature of less than 500.degree. C. to thereby form a diluted feedstock mixture and subjecting said feedstock mixture to hydrotreating in the presence of activated carbon catalyst at a temperature and pressure substantially at or greater than the critical temperature and pressure of the solvent.
摘要翻译：描述了一种加氢处理含有大部分沸点高于524℃的大部分材料的重质烃油的方法，以形成较低沸点的材料，其包括将重质烃油作为溶剂加入石蜡，异链烷烃或环状链烷烃，其也是富氢并且具有小于500℃的临界温度，从而形成稀释的原料混合物，并在活性炭催化剂存在下，在基本上等于或高于临界温度的温度和压力下使所述原料混合物加氢处理，溶剂的压力。

4. 发明授权

US4822935A Hydrogasification of biomass to produce high yields of methane 失效
标题翻译：生物质的加氢生成以产生高产量的甲烷
公开(公告)号：US4822935A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US89397
申请日：1987-08-26
申请人： Donald S. Scott
发明人： Donald S. Scott
IPC分类号： C07C1/00 , C10B53/02
CPC分类号： C10L3/08 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/48 , C07C1/00 , C10B53/02 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/56 , C10J3/721 , C10K3/006 , C10K3/023 , C10K3/04 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/06 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/145 , C07C2523/32 , C10J2200/06 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/092 , C10J2300/0966 , C10J2300/0969 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/1662 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1823 , C10J2300/1853 , Y02E50/14 , Y02E50/343 , Y02P20/145 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A process for hydrogasification of biomass to produce high yields of methane utilizes a reactor capable of carrying out rapid pyrolysis. Biomass particles, hydrogen, particles of a suitable catalyst that has both cracking and hydrogenation activity, and heat are introduced into said reactor. Pyrolysis is carried out in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere under the following conditions: (a) a temperatue ranging from 500.degree. C. to 550.degree. C.; (b) a pressure equal to or greater than one atmosphere; (c) a gas residence time not exceeding two seconds; (d) a biomass particle residence time at least as long as the gas residence time; (e) a biomass particle size not exceeding 2 mm. The methane-rich product gas is then recovered. Conversion of carbon to methane of 69% has been attained using the process of the present invention.
摘要翻译：用于生物质加氢气化以产生高产率甲烷的方法利用能够进行快速热解的反应器。将生物质颗粒，氢气，具有裂解和氢化活性的合适催化剂的颗粒和热量引入所述反应器。热解在富氢气氛中在以下条件下进行：（a）温度范围为500℃至550℃; （b）压力等于或大于一个大气压; （c）气体停留时间不超过2秒; （d）生物质颗粒停留时间至少等于气体停留时间; （e）不超过2mm的生物质粒度。然后回收富含甲烷的产物气体。使用本发明的方法已经达到69％的碳转化为甲烷。

5. 发明授权

US5605551A Process for the thermal conversion of biomass to liquids 失效
标题翻译：生物质热转化为液体的方法
公开(公告)号：US5605551A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-25
申请号：US446789
申请日：1995-07-31
申请人： Donald S. Scott , Jan Piskorz , Desmond Radlein , Piotr Majerski
发明人： Donald S. Scott , Jan Piskorz , Desmond Radlein , Piotr Majerski
IPC分类号： C10G1/02 , C10L1/02
CPC分类号： C10B53/02 , C10B49/10 , C10G1/02 , Y02E50/14 , Y02P20/145
摘要： A high conversion of biomass, such as wood, sawdust, bark, or agricultural wastes, to liquids is obtained bypyrolysis at short reaction tines in a reactor capable of high heat transfer rates; the reactor being of the fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed or transport type in which the conveying gas contains low and carefully controlled amounts of oxygen, allowing a reaction system with low concentrations of carbon monoxide or flammable gases with a resulting improvement in operating safety and potential improvement in thermal efficiency and capital costs. The oxidation steps may be carried out in one or two stages. The resulting liquid product may be used as an alternative liquid fuel or as a source of high-value chemicals.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / CA93 / 00504 Sec。 371日期1995年7月31日 102（e）日期1995年7月31日PCT 1993年11月24日PCT公布。出版物WO94 / 12592 日期1994年6月9日通过在具有高传热速率的反应器中通过在短的反应尖端进行热解来获得生物质如木材，木屑，树皮或农业废物的高转化率; 反应器是流化床，循环流化床或输送类型，其中输送气体含有低的且小心控制的氧气，允许具有低浓度一氧化碳或可燃气体的反应系统，从而提高了操作安全性和潜力提高热效率和资本成本。氧化步骤可以在一个或两个阶段中进行。所得液体产物可用作替代液体燃料或作为高价值化学品的来源。

6. 发明授权

US5395455A Process for the production of anhydrosugars from lignin and cellulose containing biomass by pyrolysis 失效
标题翻译：通过热解由木质素和含纤维素生物质生产脱水糖的方法
公开(公告)号：US5395455A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-07
申请号：US29418
申请日：1993-03-09
申请人： Donald S. Scott , Jan Piskorz , Desmond Radlein , Piotr Majerski
发明人： Donald S. Scott , Jan Piskorz , Desmond Radlein , Piotr Majerski
IPC分类号： C07H3/10 , C13K1/02 , C13K13/00 , C07G17/00
CPC分类号： C13K1/02 , C07H3/10 , C13K13/00 , Y02E50/14
摘要： A process is described for the production of anhydrosugars such as levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-.beta.-D-glucopyranose), from liquids obtained by the fast thermal pyrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosics or celluloses. In this process, the pyrolytic liquids containing the anhydrosugars are produced with a substantially reduced amount of lignin-derived components by using as feedstock materials which have been previously delignified and then pretreated, or by preferential oxidation of the lignin fraction of a pretreated biomass during pyrolysis. The preparation from pretreated biomass of pyrolytic liquors from which the lignin derived chemical products of fast pyrolysis are absent or in low concentrations permits simpler and more economical recovery of crystalline levoglucosan and other anhydrosugars, or a more economical preparation of readily fermentable aqueous sugar solutions therefrom. A new procedure for the recovery of crystalline levoglucosan from such solutions is described.
摘要翻译：描述了通过预处理的木质纤维素或纤维素的快速热解获得的液体来生产脱水葡萄糖（例如左旋葡聚糖（1,6-脱水-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖））的方法。在该方法中，含有脱水葡萄糖的热解液通过使用先前脱木质素然后进行预处理的原料，或通过在热解过程中优先氧化预处理的生物质的木质素部分，以大量减少木质素衍生的成分。由木质素衍生的快速热解化学产品不存在或低浓度的热解液的预处理生物质的制备允许结晶左旋葡聚糖和其他脱水葡萄糖的更简单和更经济的回收，或更经济地制备易于发酵的糖水溶液。描述了从这种溶液中回收结晶左旋葡聚糖的新方法。

7. 发明授权

US5264623A Method of producing calcium salts from biomass 失效
标题翻译：从生物质生产钙盐的方法
公开(公告)号：US5264623A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-23
申请号：US115
申请日：1993-01-04
申请人： Klaus H. Oehr , Donald S. Scott , Stefan Czernik
发明人： Klaus H. Oehr , Donald S. Scott , Stefan Czernik
IPC分类号： C07C51/41 , C07C51/00
CPC分类号： C07C51/412
摘要： Calcium salts, such as calcium acetate, calcium formate or calcium proprionate, are obtained from aqueous liquors derived from the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass containing cellulose, hemicelluloses or starch. The above biomass is subjected to rapid pyrolysis to obtain a crude product containing an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The product obtained, preferably as the aqueous phase, is then distilled to produce a distillate containing at least one acid selected from acetic acid, formic acid and propionic acid as well as their esters and formaldehyde. An alkaline source of calcium is added to this distillate to adjust the pH to an alkaline level sufficient to hydrolyze the esters, cause at least partial oxidation of the formaldehyde and prevent volatilization of acetate, formate or propionate ions as acetic acid, formic acid or propionic acid respectively. This pH adjusted alkaline liquid is then subjected to a further distillation to remove water and volatile organic components and produce at least one of calcium acetate, calcium formate and calcium propionate as solid residue.
摘要翻译：钙盐，如乙酸钙，甲酸钙或丙酸丙酸钙，是从含有纤维素，半纤维素或淀粉的木质纤维素生物质的热解产生的水性液体中获得的。将上述生物质进行快速热解，得到含有水相和有机相的粗产物。然后将优选作为水相获得的产物蒸馏，以产生含有至少一种选自乙酸，甲酸和丙酸的酸以及它们的酯和甲醛的馏出物。向该馏出物中加入碱性钙源以将pH调节到足以水解酯的碱性水平，导致甲醛的至少部分氧化并防止乙酸，甲酸或丙酸根离子作为乙酸，甲酸或丙酸的挥发酸。然后将该pH调节的碱性液体进一步蒸馏以除去水和挥发性有机组分，并产生作为固体残余物的乙酸钙，甲酸钙和丙酸钙中的至少一种。

8. 发明授权

US4824647A Method of removing acid gas pollutants from flue gases 失效
标题翻译：从烟气中除去酸性气体污染物的方法
公开(公告)号：US4824647A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-25
申请号：US54509
申请日：1987-05-27
申请人： Donald S. Scott
发明人： Donald S. Scott
IPC分类号： B01D53/60 , C01B17/00 , C01B21/00 , B01J8/00
CPC分类号： B01D53/60
摘要： A method of removing acid gas pollutants from flue gases and the like involving contacting the gas with a coal-water slurry, said coal being a type that has exchangeable cations. The exchangeable cations are exchanged with hydrogen ions and form salts with the sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, thereby removing substantially all of the pollutants from the flue gas.
摘要翻译：一种从烟气等中除去酸性气体污染物的方法，包括使气体与煤 - 水浆料接触，所述煤是具有可交换阳离子的类型。可交换阳离子与氢离子交换，并与烟道气中的硫氧化物和氮氧化物形成盐，从而从烟道气中大量除去污染物。

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