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1. 发明授权

US07138892B2 Method and apparatus for soft-fault tolerant circuit interruption 有权
标题翻译：用于软容错电路中断的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07138892B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-21
申请号：US10954730
申请日：2004-09-30
申请人： David J. Benard , Mark A. Clayton
发明人： David J. Benard , Mark A. Clayton
IPC分类号： H01H75/00 , H01H77/00
CPC分类号： H01H77/108 , H01H5/30 , H01H71/504 , H01H73/045 , H01H81/04 , H01H2077/025
摘要： In accordance with one embodiment, the present technique provides a circuit interrupter. The exemplary circuit interrupter includes conductive spanner that completes an electrical pathway between first and second electrical conductors. To facilitate a good electrical connection between the conductive spanner and the first and second conductors, the exemplary interrupter includes a biasing mechanism that biases the conductive spanner toward the first and second conductors. However, in the event of a fault condition, for instance, the conductive spanner is displaced away from the first and second conductors by magnetic forces, and the electrical path is interrupted. To facilitate this displacement, the biasing mechanism presents an opposing force to displacement relationship with a negative slope. That is to say, the biasing force provided by the biasing mechanism decreases as the distance between the conductive spanner and the first and second electrical conductors increases. Additionally, pistons driven by arc heated gases engage the biasing mechanism to assist the magnetic forces during the interruption of soft faults.
摘要翻译：根据一个实施例，本技术提供一种电路断续器。示例性电路断续器包括完成第一和第二电导体之间的电路径的导电扳手。为了促进导电扳手与第一和第二导体之间的良好的电连接，示例性断续器包括偏置机构，其将导电扳手朝向第一和第二导体偏压。然而，在发生故障的情况下，例如，导电扳手通过磁力离开第一和第二导体，电路被中断。为了便于该位移，偏压机构与负斜率呈现与位移关系的相反的力。也就是说，偏置机构提供的偏置力随着导电扳手与第一和第二导电体之间的距离增加而减小。此外，由电弧加热气体驱动的活塞与偏置机构相接合，以在软断层中断期间协助磁力。

2. 发明授权

US06674619B2 Method for interrupting an electrical circuit 有权
标题翻译：中断电路的方法
公开(公告)号：US06674619B2
公开(公告)日：2004-01-06
申请号：US09219726
申请日：1998-12-22
申请人： David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Edward A. Mallonen , Mark A. Clayton
发明人： David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Edward A. Mallonen , Mark A. Clayton
IPC分类号： H01H930
CPC分类号： H01H9/36 , H01H9/38 , H01H9/42
摘要： A method for interrupting current is provided wherein substantially all current is conveyed through a normal current carrying path in a circuit interrupter. A movable element is displaced for interruption of the current, and a balance is struck between the normal current carrying path and a parallel alternative or transient current carrying path. The transient current carrying path includes at least one variable or controllable resistance element. The transient current carrying path presents a substantially open circuit during normal operation. The variable resistance elements have a lower resistance during initial phases of circuit interruption, favoring transition of all current from the normal current carrying path to the transient path. Thereafter, the variable resistance elements increase in resistivity, producing additional back-EMF to drive the fault current to a zero level and to limit let-through energy.
摘要翻译：提供一种用于中断电流的方法，其中基本上所有的电流通过电路断续器中的正常载流路径传送。可移动元件被移位以中断电流，并且在正常载流路径和平行替代或瞬时载流路径之间发生平衡。瞬态电流承载路径包括至少一个可变或可控电阻元件。瞬态电流承载路径在正常操作期间呈现基本上断路。可变电阻元件在电路中断的初始阶段具有较低的电阻，有利于将所有电流从正常载流路径转换到瞬态路径。此后，可变电阻元件的电阻率增加，产生附加的反电动势以将故障电流驱动到零电平并限制通过能量。

3. 发明授权

US06631058B1 Method and apparatus for reducing arc retrogression in a circuit interrupter 有权
标题翻译：减少断路器电弧倒退的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06631058B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-07
申请号：US09675600
申请日：2000-09-29
申请人： Edward A. Mallonen , David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Mark Clayton
发明人： Edward A. Mallonen , David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Mark Clayton
IPC分类号： H01H930
CPC分类号： H01H9/36 , H01H9/38 , H01H9/42
摘要： A technique for reducing arc retrogression in a circuit interrupter includes providing a source material in a parallel current carrying path in the interrupter. The source material and parallel current carrying path support no current during normal operation. Upon interruption of a primary current carrying path, current flows through the source material, causing surface ablation of material which enhances the dielectric of the arc plasma, permitting more rapid entry of the arc into a dissipating structure such as a splitter plate stack. The source material transitions to a higher resistance level by heating to limit current flow during interruption.
摘要翻译：用于减少电路断续器中的电弧倒退的技术包括在断路器中的并联载流路径中提供源材料。源材料和平行载流路径在正常工作期间不支持电流。当初级载流路径中断时，电流流过源材料，导致材料的表面烧蚀，这增强了电弧等离子体的电介质，从而允许电弧更快地进入散热结构例如分离板叠层。源材料通过加热转变到更高的电阻水平，以限制中断期间的电流。

4. 发明授权

US6028753A Method and apparatus for interrupting a current carrying path in a multiphase circuit 失效
标题翻译：用于中断多相电路中的载流路径的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6028753A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-22
申请号：US994142
申请日：1997-12-19
申请人： Christopher J. Wieloch , David J. Benard , Gernot Hildebrandt , Paul T. Nolden
发明人： Christopher J. Wieloch , David J. Benard , Gernot Hildebrandt , Paul T. Nolden
IPC分类号： H01H71/10 , H01H79/00 , H02H3/00
CPC分类号： H01H79/00 , H01H71/1009 , H01H2077/025
摘要： A multiphase circuit interrupter includes a plurality of power phase sections for establishing and interrupting electrical power carrying paths for a plurality of phases. Each power phase section includes first and second conductive regions which contact one another to complete the current carrying path for the phase. The second conductive region is movable to an interrupted position to interrupt the path. An interphase current carrying path is established between the power phase sections to conduct electrical energy between the sections following a trip event in any one of the sections. The interphase current carrying path may be established by a conductive element extending between the power phase sections. Channels may be formed in the interrupter housing between the power phase sections to communicate conductive plasma generated during separation of the contact regions from one another between the power phase sections. The electrical energy conducted between the sections increases the rate at which the arcs are extinguished, contributes to protection of the load downstream of the device and results in more rapid interruption of power through all power phase sections.
摘要翻译：多相电路断续器包括用于建立和中断多个相的电力输送路径的多个电力相位部分。每个电力相位部分包括彼此接触以完成相位的电流承载路径的第一和第二导电区域。第二导电区域可移动到中断位置以中断路径。在电力相段之间建立相间电流承载路径，以在任何一个部分中的跳闸事件之后的部分之间传导电能。相间电流承载路径可以由在功率相段之间延伸的导电元件建立。可以在电源相部分之间的断路器壳体中形成通道，以在电力相部分之间的接触区域彼此间分离期间传导导电等离子体。在这些部分之间传导的电能增加了电弧熄灭的速率，有助于保护装置下游的负载，并导致通过所有电力相部分更快速地中断电力。

5. 发明授权

US5436532A Fluorescent lamp with improved efficiency 失效
标题翻译：荧光灯效率提高
公开(公告)号：US5436532A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-25
申请号：US37956
申请日：1993-03-26
申请人： David J. Benard , David F. Beat
发明人： David J. Benard , David F. Beat
IPC分类号： H05B41/282 , H05B41/20
CPC分类号： H05B41/2824
摘要： Power is provided to a fluorescent lamp by connecting a source of alternating electrical current, consisting of a series of alternately positive and negative current pulses, to the lamp and shaping the current pulses such that the absolute value of the current increases as a function of time within each pulse. The shaped current source may be provided by a switched mode drive circuit, including a power transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, the power transformer secondary winding being connected to the lamp; a flyback transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a first terminal of the flyback transformer primary winding being connected to the center of the power transformer primary winding and a second terminal of the flyback transformer primary winding being connected to a positive terminal of a source of direct current electrical power; a first switch connected between a first terminal of the power transformer primary winding and a negative terminal of the power source; a second switch connected between a second terminal of the power transformer primary winding and the negative terminal of the power source; a diode connected between a first terminal of the flyback transformer secondary winding and the second terminal of the flyback transformer primary winding, such that current is limited to flowing from the secondary winding to the primary winding of the flyback transformer; and a capacitor connected between the first and second terminals of the power source. A digital control circuit may be coupled to the first and second switches to open and close the switches in a time sequenced pattern, thereby causing the current pulses to be shaped such that the absolute value of the current increases as a function of time within each pulse.
摘要翻译：通过将由一系列交替正电流脉冲和负电流脉冲组成的交流电流源连接到灯并将电流脉冲整形使得电流的绝对值随时间的增加而提供给荧光灯的功率在每个脉冲内。成形的电流源可以由开关模式驱动电路提供，包括具有初级绕组和次级绕组的电力变压器，电力变压器次级绕组连接到灯; 具有初级绕组和次级绕组的回扫变压器，所述回扫变压器初级绕组的第一端子连接到所述电力变压器初级绕组的中心，并且所述回扫变压器初级绕组的第二端子连接到所述初级绕组的正极端子直流电源; 连接在所述电力变压器初级绕组的第一端子和所述电源的负极端子之间的第一开关; 连接在所述电力变压器初级绕组的第二端子和所述电源的负极端子之间的第二开关; 连接在回扫变压器次级绕组的第一端子和回扫变压器初级绕组的第二端子之间的二极管，使得电流被限制为从次级绕组流向回扫变压器的初级绕组; 以及连接在电源的第一和第二端子之间的电容器。数字控制电路可以耦合到第一和第二开关以按时间顺序图案打开和闭合开关，从而使电流脉冲成形，使得电流的绝对值随每个脉冲内的时间的函数而增加。

6. 发明授权

US4434492A Method and apparatus for iodine vaporization 失效
标题翻译：碘蒸发的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4434492A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-28
申请号：US242505
申请日：1981-03-10
申请人： David J. Benard , Nicholas R. Pchelkin , William E. McDermott , David E. Ellis , George W. Miller
发明人： David J. Benard , Nicholas R. Pchelkin , William E. McDermott , David E. Ellis , George W. Miller
IPC分类号： H01S3/036 , H01S3/22
CPC分类号： H01S3/2215 , H01S3/036
摘要： Iodine vapor is supplied to an oxygen iodine laser by an improved iodine vaporizer. The vaporizer has a radiation transparent window and iodine crystals are contained in the vaporizer. Broad beam radiation from a variable intensity source is directed through the window into the vaporizer where it is absorbed by the iodine crystals, causing the iodine crystals to sublime. The iodine vapor is transported to the laser by a carrier gas flowed through the vaporizer. Coarse control of the iodine flow is achieved by controlling the carrier gas flow. Control of the amount of iodine vapor introduced into the carrier gas flow is achieved by varying the amount of radiation directed into the vaporizer.
摘要翻译：通过改进的碘蒸发器将碘蒸气供给氧碘激光。蒸发器具有辐射透明窗口，并且在蒸发器中含有碘晶体。来自可变强度源的宽射束辐射被引导通过窗口进入蒸发器，在那里它被碘晶体吸收，导致碘晶体升华。碘蒸汽通过流经蒸发器的载气输送到激光器。通过控制载气流量来实现碘流量的粗略控制。通过改变引入蒸发器的辐射量来控制引入到载气流中的碘蒸气的量。

7. 发明授权

US07079118B2 Touch screen using echo-location 有权
标题翻译：触摸屏使用回声定位
公开(公告)号：US07079118B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-18
申请号：US10784627
申请日：2004-02-23
申请人： David J. Benard , Robert C. Addison , Dong-Feng Gu
发明人： David J. Benard , Robert C. Addison , Dong-Feng Gu
IPC分类号： G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/0436 , H03K2217/96011
摘要： A plurality of acoustic wave transducers are coupled to a substrate at predetermined spaced apart locations. At least one of the transducers is operative to emit an acoustic wave that propagates along the substrate, with the other transducers operating as receivers of acoustic waves. The receivers are coupled to a control system that is operative to determine a location at which the substrate is perturbed based on time associated with travel of an acoustic wave from a transmitter, to the location of the perturbation, and from the perturbation to each of the respective receivers.
摘要翻译：多个声波换能器以预定间隔的位置耦合到基板。换能器中的至少一个可操作地发射沿着衬底传播的声波，其他换能器作为声波的接收器工作。接收器被耦合到控制系统，该控制系统可操作以基于与来自发射机的声波的移动相关联的时间到扰动的位置以及从扰动到每一个的扰动来确定衬底受到扰动的位置各自的接收机。

8. 发明授权

US06665157B2 Apparatus for interrupting an electrical circuit 有权
标题翻译：用于中断电路的装置
公开(公告)号：US06665157B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-16
申请号：US09219143
申请日：1998-12-22
申请人： David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Edward A. Mallonen , Mark A. Clayton
发明人： David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Edward A. Mallonen , Mark A. Clayton
IPC分类号： H01H930
CPC分类号： H01H9/42 , H01H9/36 , H01H73/045 , H01H77/108 , H01H2033/163
摘要： An electrical circuit interrupter includes a primary or normal current carrying path and a transient or alternative current carrying path. The normal current carrying path is established by a movable spanner extending between stationary contacts during normal operation. The transient current carrying path includes at least one variable resistance element which transitions from a lower resistance to a higher resistance during interruption. The transient current carrying path forms an open circuit in parallel with the normal current carrying path during normal operation. Upon interruption, the transient current carrying path is favored for the fault current, completely interrupting the normal current carrying path. The variable resistance elements increase their resistivity during this phase of operation to aid in providing high levels of back-EMF for complete interruption of fault current through the device and limitation of let-through energy.
摘要翻译：电路断路器包括初级或正常载流路径和瞬时或替代的载流路径。正常的载流路径由在正常操作期间在固定触点之间延伸的可移动扳手建立。瞬态电流承载路径包括至少一个可变电阻元件，其在中断期间从较低电阻转变到较高电阻。在正常运行期间，瞬态电流承载路径与正常载流路径平行地形成开路。在中断时，瞬态电流承载路径对于故障电流是有利的，完全中断正常的载流路径。可变电阻元件在此操作阶段增加其电阻率，以帮助提供高水平的反电动势，以完全中断穿过器件的故障电流和限制通过能量。

9. 发明授权

US06594126B1 Method and apparatus for extinguishing an arc through material surface ablation 有权
标题翻译：通过材料表面烧蚀消除电弧的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06594126B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-15
申请号：US09676204
申请日：2000-09-29
申请人： Edward A. Mallonen , David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Mark Clayton
发明人： Edward A. Mallonen , David J. Benard , Paul T. Nolden , Mark Clayton
IPC分类号： H01H930
CPC分类号： H01H9/36 , H01H9/38 , H01H9/42
摘要： A technique is provided for forcing greater voltage investment in an arc developed during interruption of a current carrying path. A source element is provided in a secondary current carrying path parallel to a primary path through the device. Upon interruption of the primary current carrying path, an arc is forced to migrate towards a dissipating structure under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The source material then begins to carry current and undergoes surface ablation, releasing gas which is directed towards the migrating arc. The arc is thus caused to expand further, increasing voltage investment and resulting in more rapid extinction and reduction in let-through energy.
摘要翻译：提供了一种技术，用于在电流传输路径的中断期间产生的电弧中施加更大的电压投资。源元件设置在平行于通过该器件的主路径的次级载流路径中。在初级载流路径中断时，在电磁场的影响下，迫使电弧向耗散结构迁移。源材料然后开始承载电流并进行表面烧蚀，释放指向迁移电弧的气体。因此，电弧进一步膨胀，增加电压投资，并导致更快速的消光和通过能量的减少。

10. 发明授权

US5579198A Apparatus for interrupting electrical power between two conductors 失效
公开(公告)号：US5579198A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-26
申请号：US537215
申请日：1995-09-29
申请人： Christopher J. Wieloch , Mark A. Kappel , Jeffrey R. Annis , David J. Benard , Ellen Boehmer , Gernot Hildebrandt
发明人： Christopher J. Wieloch , Mark A. Kappel , Jeffrey R. Annis , David J. Benard , Ellen Boehmer , Gernot Hildebrandt
IPC分类号： H01H77/06 , H01H77/10 , H01H73/00
CPC分类号： H01H77/10 , H01H77/06
摘要： A circuit interrupter provides a conducting path between two conductors and interrupts the conducting path in response to overcurrent conditions in the conductors. The interrupter includes a magnetic core around which the conductors are disposed. Each conductor is electrically coupled to an arc runner and a spanner is biased into contact with the arc runners to compete a conducting path between the conductors. A secondary response mechanism is provided adjacent to the core and includes arms extending around the core and a magnetic body. In response to overcurrent conditions of a first magnitude the body of the secondary response mechanism is attracted to the core causing the arms to displace the spanner out of contact with the arc runners. In response to overcurrent conditions of a second magnitude, such as due to direct short circuits, the spanner is repelled rapidly to a non-conducting position and the secondary response mechanism is attracted to the core to hold the spanner in the non-conducting position. The core shapes an electromagnetic field due to current in the conductors and the field causes extremely rapid expansion of arcs generated during movement of the spanner, resulting in very fast extinction of the arcs and a very brief turnoff time.

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