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1. 发明授权

US5550541A Compact source coding tables for encoder/decoder system 失效
标题翻译：用于编码器/解码器系统的紧凑型源编码表
公开(公告)号：US5550541A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US234871
申请日：1994-04-01
申请人： Craig C. Todd
发明人： Craig C. Todd
IPC分类号： G06T9/00 , G10L19/00 , H03M7/30 , H03M7/42 , H03M7/40
CPC分类号： H03M7/42 , G06T9/005 , G10L19/00 , H03M7/30
摘要： An apparatus or method which applies data compression techniques such as multi-dimensional Huffman encoding uses compact encoding tables which are smaller than conventional tables by ordering symbols within messages prior to coding and passing order information with the resulting code word. An apparatus or method which applies data decompression recovers a message from a compact decoding table in response to a code word and reorders symbols within the message according to order information received with the code word.
摘要翻译：应用诸如多维霍夫曼编码之类的数据压缩技术的装置或方法使用比传统表格小的紧凑编码表，通过在编码之前对消息中的符号进行排序并且使用所得到的代码字传递订单信息。应用数据解压缩的装置或方法响应于码字从紧凑解码表中恢复消息，并根据用码字接收的命令信息重新排序消息内的符号。

2. 发明授权

US4700361A Spectral emphasis and de-emphasis 失效
标题翻译：光谱强调和去重视
公开(公告)号：US4700361A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US642044
申请日：1984-08-21
申请人： Craig C. Todd , Kenneth J. Gundry
发明人： Craig C. Todd , Kenneth J. Gundry
IPC分类号： H03G5/16 , H03G9/02 , H04B1/62 , H04B14/04
CPC分类号： H04B1/62 , H03G5/16 , H03G9/025 , H03M3/022
摘要： The complementary pre-processing and post-processing circuits of this inventiona re advantageous for reducing noise introduced into a signal by a process or medium where the noise introduced rises with the signal level. The pre-processing circuit analyzes the spectral composition of an input signal and generates an emphasis control signal to so indicate. The emphasis control signal is limited by a limitation circuit to a desired bandwidth. The pre-processing circuit includes an emphasis applying circuit for amplifying or attenuating the input signal as a function of the emphasis control signal. A delay circuit delays the input signal relative to the emphasis control signal so that the input signal reaches the emphasis applying circuit when the emphasis control signal is available for controlling the amplification or attenuation applied.The post-processing circuit restores the spectral composition of the signal. The post-processing circuit comprises a circuit for deriving a de-emphasis control signal of limited bandwidth from the emphasis control signal. A de-emphasis applying circuit attenuates or amplifies the decoded signal as a function of the de-emphasis control signal to restore its spectral composition., Since the noise introduced by the process or medium is a function of the signal level, the pre-processing circuit alters the input signal in such manner that the noise introduced is reduced. The emphasis and de-emphasis applied in pre- and post-processing change slowly and the system is tolerant of component and timing errors.
摘要翻译：本发明的互补预处理和后处理电路有利于降低通过信号电平引入的噪声上升的处理或介质引入到信号中的噪声。预处理电路分析输入信号的频谱组成，并产生如此指示的加重控制信号。强调控制信号被限制电路限制到期望的带宽。预处理电路包括用于根据加重控制信号放大或衰减输入信号的加重应用电路。延迟电路相对于加重控制信号延迟输入信号，使得当加重控制信号可用于控制施加的放大或衰减时，输入信号到达加重应用电路。后处理电路恢复信号的频谱组成。后处理电路包括用于从加重控制信号导出有限带宽的去加重控制信号的电路。去加重应用电路根据去加重控制信号衰减或放大解码信号，以恢复其频谱组成。由于由处理或介质引入的噪声是信号电平的函数，所以预处理电路以这样的方式改变输入信号，使得引入的噪声减小。前处理和后处理中应用的强调和去加重变化缓慢，系统容忍组件和时序错误。

3. 发明授权

US5451954A Quantization noise suppression for encoder/decoder system 失效
标题翻译：编码器/解码器系统的量化噪声抑制
公开(公告)号：US5451954A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-19
申请号：US101887
申请日：1993-08-04
申请人： Mark F. Davis , Craig C. Todd , Grant A. Davidson , Stephen D. Vernon
发明人： Mark F. Davis , Craig C. Todd , Grant A. Davidson , Stephen D. Vernon
IPC分类号： H04B1/66 , H04N5/21 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/30 , H03M7/00
CPC分类号： H04B1/665 , H04N19/126 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/60 , H04N5/21
摘要： The invention relates in general to low bit-rate encoding and decoding of information such as audio information. More particularly, the invention relates to the suppression of quantizing noise which results from low bit-rate encoding and decoding of signal events such as transients. An encoder identifies intervals of an input signal in which a decoder is likely to generate audible artifacts caused by quantizing errors. Indications of these intervals are passed in the encoded signal to the decoder. The decoder uses these indications to eliminate quantizing artifacts by suppressing corresponding intervals in the output signal.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及诸如音频信息的信息的低比特率编码和解码。更具体地说，本发明涉及由诸如瞬变的信号事件的低比特率编码和解码产生的量化噪声的抑制。编码器识别输入信号的间隔，其中解码器可能产生由量化误差引起的可听见的伪像。这些间隔的指示在编码信号中传递给解码器。解码器使用这些指示通过抑制输出信号中的相应间隔来消除量化伪像。

4. 发明授权

US5400433A Decoder for variable-number of channel presentation of multidimensional sound fields 失效
标题翻译：多维声场信道演示可变数解码器
公开(公告)号：US5400433A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-21
申请号：US175051
申请日：1993-12-28
申请人： Mark F. Davis , Craig C. Todd
发明人： Mark F. Davis , Craig C. Todd
IPC分类号： H04B14/04 , H04H20/88 , H04S3/00 , H04S7/00 , G10L5/00
CPC分类号： H04S3/008
摘要： The invention relates to the reproduction of high-fidelity multi-dimensional sound fields intended for human hearing. More particularly, the invention relates to the decoding of signals representing such sound fields delivered by one or more delivery channels, but played back over a number of presentation channels which may differ from the number of delivery channels. In one embodiment, a subband decoder combines spectral information in the frequency domain prior to inverse filtering, thereby incurring implementation costs roughly proportional to the number of presentation channels rather than to the number of delivery channels.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于人类听觉的高保真多维声场的再现。更具体地说，本发明涉及对由一个或多个传送信道传送的表示这种声场的信号的解码，但是可以与传送信道的数量不同的多个呈现频道进行回放。在一个实施例中，子带解码器在反向滤波之前组合频域中的频谱信息，从而导致实质成本与呈现频道的数量大致成比例，而不是传送信道的数量。

5. 发明授权

US4700362A A-D encoder and D-A decoder system 失效
标题翻译： A-D编码器和D-A解码器系统
公开(公告)号：US4700362A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US642045
申请日：1984-08-21
申请人： Craig C. Todd , Kenneth J. Gundry
发明人： Craig C. Todd , Kenneth J. Gundry
IPC分类号： H03G5/16 , H03G9/02 , H04B1/62 , H04B14/06
CPC分类号： H03G9/005 , H03G5/16 , H03G9/025 , H03M3/022 , H04B1/62
摘要： An encoder converts an analog input signal to a digital signal. The encoder comprises a circuit for generating a control signal with a predetermined bandwidth from the input analog signal. The control signal indicates the desired optimum step-size to be applied in the encoder. The encoder further comprises a converter for converting the analog input signal to a digital signal. The converter is responsive to the control signal representing step-size so that the digital signal will be generated in accordance with the step-size information. Since the generation of a limited bandwidth control signal requires time, the encoder also includes a circuit for introducing time delay to the analog input signal, so that the delayed input signal reaches the converter when the control signal is available for digital encoding.A decoder generates an analog output signal from a digital signal received from an encoder through a transmission medium. The digital signal received includes a digital representation of an analog input signal to the encoder and step-size information which was used to digitally encode the analog signal in the encoder. The decoder comprises a converter responsive to a second control signal of limited bandwidth derived from the step-size information for generating from the digital representation an analog output signal. The analog output signal so generated is similar to the input analog signal.
摘要翻译：编码器将模拟输入信号转换为数字信号。编码器包括用于从输入的模拟信号产生具有预定带宽的控制信号的电路。控制信号指示要在编码器中应用的期望的最佳步长。编码器还包括用于将模拟输入信号转换为数字信号的转换器。转换器响应于表示步长的控制信号，以便根据步长信息生成数字信号。由于产生有限的带宽控制信号需要时间，所以编码器还包括用于将时间延迟引入到模拟输入信号的电路，使得当控制信号可用于数字编码时，延迟的输入信号到达转换器。解码器通过传输介质从编码器接收的数字信号中产生模拟输出信号。所接收的数字信号包括到编码器的模拟输入信号的数字表示和用于对编码器中的模拟信号进行数字编码的步长信息。解码器包括响应于来自步长信息的有限带宽的第二控制信号的转换器，用于从数字表示产生模拟输出信号。所产生的模拟输出信号与输入的模拟信号相似。

6. 发明授权

US4486793A Reduction of crosstalk effects in modulated audio signals carried in adjacent tracks of recorded media 失效
标题翻译：在记录介质的相邻轨道中承载的调制音频信号中减少串扰效应
公开(公告)号：US4486793A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-04
申请号：US399235
申请日：1982-07-19
申请人： Craig C. Todd
发明人： Craig C. Todd
IPC分类号： G11B20/06 , G11B20/22 , H04N9/79 , H04N9/802 , G11B5/04 , G11B15/02
CPC分类号： G11B20/22 , H04N9/7908 , H04N9/802
摘要： This invention reduces crosstalk interference components without a significant increase in recorded bandwidth of the modulated audio signals and without a significant degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio of the reproduced audio signals. According to the invention, the nominal carrier frequency of the modulated audio signals in adjacent tracks or scans is offset by an amount sufficient to shift the crosstalk interference components outside the desired audio pass band for substantially all modulating amplitudes and frequencies. At the same time, the modulated audio frequency spectra of the adjacent tracks substantially overlap so that additional overall bandwidth requirements are minimized. A satisfactory offset from track to track is in the order of twice the maximum audio response frequency. As the offset is reduced or as occasional high frequency high amplitude audio occurs in adjacent tracks, crosstalk distortion components will tend to appear beginning at the high frequencies. Such crosstalk interference can be further reduced by the use of frequency dependent compressor-expander noise reduction because of the tendency of the interference to locate in one part of the audio band rather than across the entire audio band as in the case of no track-to-track carrier offset.
摘要翻译：本发明可减少串扰干扰成分，而不会明显增加已调音频信号的记录带宽，并且不会显着降低再生音频信号的信噪比。根据本发明，相邻轨道或扫描中的调制音频信号的标称载波频率偏移足以将基本上所有调制幅度和频率的所需音频通带外的串扰干扰分量移位的量。同时，相邻轨道的调制音频频谱基本上重叠，使得额外的总带宽要求最小化。从轨道到轨道的令人满意的偏移量是最大音频响应频率的两倍。随着偏移减小或偶尔的高频高幅度音频发生在相邻轨道中，串扰失真分量将趋于从高频开始出现。由于干扰定位在音频的一部分而不是跨越整个音频带的趋势，因此使用频率相关的压缩器 - 扩展器噪声降低可以进一步减少这种串扰干扰，如在没有跟踪的情况下轨道载波偏移。

7. 发明授权

US5046098A Variable matrix decoder with three output channels 失效
标题翻译：具有三个输出通道的可变矩阵解码器
公开(公告)号：US5046098A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-03
申请号：US359970
申请日：1989-06-01
申请人： Douglas E. Mandell , Craig C. Todd , Roger Dressler
发明人： Douglas E. Mandell , Craig C. Todd , Roger Dressler
IPC分类号： H04S3/02 , H04S5/00
CPC分类号： H04S5/005 , H04S3/02
摘要： The decoder of this invention decodes at least two channel signals in a directional information system where one or more input signals containing directional information have been encoded into the two or more channel signals. The decoder generates a first control signal substantially proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of two of the channel signals to detect, as between two of the channel signals, whether the amplitude of one signal dominates that of the other. The decoder also generates a second control signal substantially proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of the sum and the difference between two of the channel signals to detect the dominant signal in terms of amplitude. The decoder includes a matrix means responsive to the two or more channel signals and the two control signals for generating a number of output signals according to an algorithm. The control signals generated are used to steer the directional information systems in such manner through the matrix means that the directional effects of the output signals are enhanced. The matrix means generates three directional control signals from the two control signals.
摘要翻译：本发明的解码器在方向信息系统中解码至少两个信道信号，其中一个或多个包含方向信息的输入信号已被编码到两个或更多个信道信号中。解码器产生基本上与两个通道信号的幅度比的对数成比例的第一控制信号，以便在两个通道信号之间检测一个信号的振幅是否支配另一信号的振幅。该解码器还产生一个第二控制信号，该信号基本上与两个信号信号之和和的差值的比值的对数成比例，以检测幅度方面的显性信号。解码器包括响应于两个或更多个信道信号的矩阵装置和用于根据算法产生多个输出信号的两个控制信号。所产生的控制信号用于通过矩阵来以这种方式引导方向信息系统，从而增强了输出信号的方向效应。矩阵装置从两个控制信号产生三个方向控制信号。

8. 发明授权

US4941177A Variable matrix decoder 失效
标题翻译：可变矩阵解码器
公开(公告)号：US4941177A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-10
申请号：US222847
申请日：1988-07-22
申请人： Douglas E. Mandell , Craig C. Todd , Ioan R. Allen , Mark F. Davis
发明人： Douglas E. Mandell , Craig C. Todd , Ioan R. Allen , Mark F. Davis
IPC分类号： H04S3/02 , H04S5/00
CPC分类号： H04S3/02 , H04S5/005
摘要： The decoder of this invention decodes at least two channel signals in a directional information system where at least four input signals containing directional information have been encoded into the two or more channel signals. The decoder generates a first control signal substantially proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of two of the channel signals to detect, as between two of the channel signals, whether the amplitude of one signal dominates that of the other. The decoder also generates a second control signal substantially proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of the sum and the difference between two of the channel signals to detect the dominant signal in terms of amplitude. The decoder includes a matrix means responsive to the two or more channel signals and the two control signals for generating a number of output signals according to an algorithm. The control signals generated are used to steer the directional information systems in such manner through the matrix means that the directional effects of the output signals are enhanced. Two decoders of the type described above may be used to decode the high frequency and low frequency portions of the channel signals where the high and low frequency portions are separated by means of two crossover filters. The crossover frequency of the two crossover filters is controlled so that it is approximately at the top end of the signal frequencies intended for the center loudspeaker. Very low frequency signal components are separately processed and evenly distributed among the left, center and right channels.
摘要翻译：本发明的解码器在方向信息系统中解码至少两个信道信号，其中至少四个包含方向信息的输入信号已被编码到两个或更多个信道信号中。解码器产生基本上与两个通道信号的幅度比的对数成比例的第一控制信号，以便在两个通道信号之间检测一个信号的振幅是否支配另一信号的振幅。该解码器还产生一个第二控制信号，该信号基本上与两个信号信号之和和的差值的比值的对数成比例，以检测幅度方面的显性信号。解码器包括响应于两个或更多个信道信号的矩阵装置和用于根据算法产生多个输出信号的两个控制信号。所产生的控制信号用于通过矩阵来以这种方式引导方向信息系统，从而增强了输出信号的方向效应。可以使用上述类型的两个解码器来解码通过两个交叉滤波器分离高频部分和低频部分的信道信号的高频和低频部分。控制两个交越滤波器的交叉频率，使其大致位于中心扬声器的信号频率的顶端。非常低频的信号分量被分开处理，并且在左，中，右声道之间均匀分布。

9. 发明授权

US4799260A Variable matrix decoder 失效
标题翻译：可变矩阵解码器
公开(公告)号：US4799260A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-17
申请号：US833120
申请日：1986-02-26
申请人： Douglas E. Mandell , Craig C. Todd , Ioan R. Allen , Mark F. Davis
发明人： Douglas E. Mandell , Craig C. Todd , Ioan R. Allen , Mark F. Davis
IPC分类号： H04H20/88 , H04S3/02 , H04S5/00 , H04S3/00
CPC分类号： H04S5/005 , H04S3/02
摘要： The decoder of this invention decodes at least two channel signals in a directional information system where at least four input signals containing directional information have been encoded into the two or more channel signals. The decoder generates a first control signal substantially proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of two of the channel signals to detect, as between two of the channel signals, whether the amplitude of one signal dominates that of the other. The decoder also generates a second control signal substantially proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of the sum and the difference between two of the channel signals to detect the dominant signal in terms of amplitude. The decoder includes a matrix means responsive to the two or more channel signals and the two control signals for generating a number of output signals according to an algorithm. The control signals generated are used to steer the directional information systems in such manner through the matrix means that the directional effects of the output signals are enhanced. Two decoders of the type described above may be used to decode the high frequency and low frequency portions of the channel signals where the high and low frequency portions are separated by means of two crossover filters. The crossover frequency of the two crossover filters is controlled so that it is approximately at the top end of the signal frequencies intended for the center loudspeaker. Very low frequency signal components are separately processed and evenly distributed among the left, center and right channels.
摘要翻译：本发明的解码器在方向信息系统中解码至少两个信道信号，其中至少四个包含方向信息的输入信号已被编码到两个或更多个信道信号中。解码器产生基本上与两个通道信号的幅度比的对数成比例的第一控制信号，以便在两个通道信号之间检测一个信号的振幅是否支配另一信号的振幅。该解码器还产生一个第二控制信号，该信号基本上与两个信号信号之和和的差值的比值的对数成比例，以检测幅度方面的显性信号。解码器包括响应于两个或更多个信道信号的矩阵装置和用于根据算法产生多个输出信号的两个控制信号。所产生的控制信号用于通过矩阵来以这种方式引导方向信息系统，从而增强了输出信号的方向效应。可以使用上述类型的两个解码器来解码通过两个交叉滤波器分离高频部分和低频部分的信道信号的高频和低频部分。控制两个交越滤波器的交叉频率，使其大致位于中心扬声器的信号频率的顶端。非常低频的信号分量被分开处理，并且在左，中，右声道之间均匀分布。

10. 发明授权

US4656633A Error concealment system 失效
标题翻译：错误隐藏系统
公开(公告)号：US4656633A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-07
申请号：US712560
申请日：1985-03-15
申请人： Craig C. Todd
发明人： Craig C. Todd
IPC分类号： H04B14/06 , G06F11/10
CPC分类号： H04B14/062
摘要： The error concealment system of the invention is for use with a delta modulation or delta signal modulation decoder which decodes digital signals received through a transmission or storage medium from an encoder. The encoder groups the digital signals into a plurality of blocks of one bit words. The decoder also receives from the encoder information related to the number of 1's in each of the blocks of one bit words before transmission or storage. The system comprises means for deriving information on the number of 1's in each received block of words and for comparing such information to the information received from the encoder to determine the presence and polarity of any bit errors. The system further includes means for introducing into each received block determined to contain one or more errors at least one bit error of the opposite polarity from that determined to conceal at least some of the effects of the bit errors.
摘要翻译：本发明的误差隐藏系统用于对来自编码器的通过传输或存储介质接收的数字信号进行解码的增量调制或增量信号调制解码器。编码器将数字信号分组成一个位字的多个块。解码器还从编码器接收与发送或存储之前的一个位字的每个块中的1的数量相关的信息。该系统包括用于在每个接收到的字块中导出关于1的数量的信息的装置，并且用于将这些信息与从编码器接收的信息进行比较，以确定任何位错误的存在和极性。该系统还包括用于引入到被确定为包含一个或多个错误的每个接收到的块中的装置，所述错误至少一个与确定为隐藏比特错误的至少一些影响相反极性的比特误差。

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