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1. 发明授权

US07387032B2 Methods and apparatus for measuring the viscoelastic response of vocal fold tissues and scaffolds across a frequency range 有权
标题翻译：用于测量声带组织和支架在频率范围内的粘弹性反应的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07387032B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-17
申请号：US11082305
申请日：2005-03-16
申请人： Rodney J. Clifton , Tong Jiao , Christopher Bull
发明人： Rodney J. Clifton , Tong Jiao , Christopher Bull
IPC分类号： G01N3/24 , G01L1/24
CPC分类号： G01N3/22 , G01N2203/0094
摘要： In one aspect the present invention concerns methods and apparatus for measuring the mechanical properties of soft materials across a frequency regime. In particular, the present invention concerns methods and apparatus using torsional waves to measure the mechanical properties of vocal fold tissue and candidate materials for use in human vocal fold reconstruction. In embodiments of the present invention, sample material is placed between two plates whose sides are faceted. One of the plates is attached to the shaft of a galvanometer, and the plate is twisted back and forth through angles of up to ±6° at frequencies of up to 2500 Hz. If required, the assembly may be enclosed in an environmental chamber to maintain the temperature and relative humidity of the sample at the conditions experienced by vocal folds in a living human or animal. The rotations of the top and bottom plates are monitored by an optical lever technique in which laser beams, reflected off the faceted faces of the plates, are captured by photodiode detectors. The experimentally determined amplification factor is obtained as the ratio of the amplitude of the rotation of the top plate divided by the corresponding amplitude of the bottom plate. The shear modulus and loss angle, which describe the mechanical properties of the sample, are then obtained from the experimental data gathered by the apparatus.
摘要翻译：一方面，本发明涉及用于测量跨越频率状态的软材料的机械性能的方法和装置。特别地，本发明涉及使用扭转波来测量人声折叠重建中使用的声折叠组织和候选材料的机械性能的方法和装置。在本发明的实施例中，将样品材料放置在两侧面的两块板之间。其中一个板连接到电流计的轴上，并且该板在高达2500Hz的频率下来回扭转高达±6°的角度。如果需要，组件可以封闭在环境室中，以将样品的温度和相对湿度保持在活的人或动物中由声音褶皱所经历的状态。顶板和底板的旋转通过光学手柄技术来监测，其中从板的刻面反射的激光束被光电二极管检测器捕获。实验确定的放大系数是以顶板的旋转振幅除以底板的对应振幅的比率得到的。描述样品的机械性能的剪切模量和损耗角从设备收集的实验数据中获得。

2. 发明申请

US20060207343A1 Methods and apparatus for measuring the viscoelastic response of vocal fold tissues and scaffolds across a frequency range 有权
标题翻译：用于测量声带组织和支架在频率范围内的粘弹性反应的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20060207343A1
公开(公告)日：2006-09-21
申请号：US11082305
申请日：2005-03-16
申请人： Rodney Clifton , Tong Jiao , Christopher Bull
发明人： Rodney Clifton , Tong Jiao , Christopher Bull
IPC分类号： G01N3/24 , G01L1/24
CPC分类号： G01N3/22 , G01N2203/0094
摘要： In one aspect the present invention concerns methods and apparatus for measuring the mechanical properties of soft materials across a frequency regime. In particular, the present invention concerns methods and apparatus using torsional waves to measure the mechanical properties of vocal fold tissue and candidate materials for use in human vocal fold reconstruction. In embodiments of the present invention, sample material is placed between two plates whose sides are faceted. One of the plates is attached to the shaft of a galvanometer, and the plate is twisted back and forth through angles of up to ±6° at frequencies of up to 2500 Hz. If required, the assembly may be enclosed in an environmental chamber to maintain the temperature and relative humidity of the sample at the conditions experienced by vocal folds in a living human or animal. The rotations of the top and bottom plates are monitored by an optical lever technique in which laser beams, reflected off the faceted faces of the plates, are captured by photodiode detectors. The experimentally determined amplification factor is obtained as the ratio of the amplitude of the rotation of the top plate divided by the corresponding amplitude of the bottom plate. The shear modulus and loss angle, which describe the mechanical properties of the sample, are then obtained from the experimental data gathered by the apparatus.
摘要翻译：一方面，本发明涉及用于在频率范围内测量软材料的机械性能的方法和装置。特别地，本发明涉及使用扭转波来测量人声折叠重建中使用的声折叠组织和候选材料的机械性能的方法和装置。在本发明的实施例中，将样品材料放置在两侧面的两块板之间。其中一个板连接到电流计的轴上，并且该板在高达2500Hz的频率下来回扭转高达±6°的角度。如果需要，组件可以封闭在环境室中，以将样品的温度和相对湿度保持在活的人或动物中由声音褶皱所经历的状态。顶板和底板的旋转通过光学手柄技术来监测，其中从板的刻面反射的激光束被光电二极管检测器捕获。实验确定的放大系数是以顶板的旋转振幅除以底板的对应幅度的比率得到的。描述样品的机械性能的剪切模量和损耗角从设备收集的实验数据中获得。

3. 发明授权

US5830526A Light-activated antimicrobial and antiviral materials 失效
标题翻译：光敏抗菌和抗病毒材料
公开(公告)号：US5830526A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-03
申请号：US802710
申请日：1997-02-19
申请人： John E. Wilson , Christopher Bull
发明人： John E. Wilson , Christopher Bull
IPC分类号： A01N25/34 , A01N43/16 , A01N43/84 , A01N61/00 , D06M16/00 , D06P1/00 , D06P1/34 , D06P1/39 , D06P1/41 , D06P1/48 , D06P1/50 , D06P1/52 , D06P5/20 , B05D3/02 , B05D3/12 , B05D5/00
CPC分类号： D06P5/2005 , A01N25/34 , A01N43/16 , A01N43/84 , A01N61/00 , A61L2/088 , D06M16/00 , D06P1/0004 , D06P1/0012 , D06P1/0036 , D06P1/34 , D06P1/39 , D06P1/41 , D06P1/48 , D06P1/50 , D06P1/5278 , D06P1/5285 , A61L2202/26 , Y10S602/904
摘要： A substrate such as a woven or nonwoven fabric bound with a light-activated dye alone or in combination with additional conventional antimicrobial agents. The substrate is impregnated with a light-activated non-leachable dye having antimicrobial and/or antiviral characteristics which can be imparted to the substrate. The dye is bound by a cationic or anionic binder such as a water soluble polymer or carrageenan. Upon exposure to normal light, the dye generates singlet oxygen that kills microorganisms and viruses.
摘要翻译：与单独的光活化染料结合或与另外的常规抗微生物剂组合的织物或非织造织物等基材。用能够赋予基材的具有抗微生物和/或抗病毒特性的光活化的不可浸出的染料浸渍基材。染料被阳离子或阴离子粘合剂如水溶性聚合物或角叉菜胶结合。当暴露于正常光线时，染料会产生杀死微生物和病毒的单线态氧。

4. 发明授权

US5583047A Method of detecting the permeability of an object to oxygen 失效
标题翻译：检测物体对氧的渗透性的方法
公开(公告)号：US5583047A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-10
申请号：US231411
申请日：1994-04-22
申请人： Thomas A. Blinka , Christopher Bull , Charles R. Barmore , Drew V. Speer
发明人： Thomas A. Blinka , Christopher Bull , Charles R. Barmore , Drew V. Speer
IPC分类号： G01N31/00 , G01N15/08 , G01N21/78 , G01N31/22
CPC分类号： G01N31/225 , G01N15/08 , Y10S436/904 , Y10T436/20 , Y10T436/209163
摘要： A method of detecting the permeability of an article to oxygen is disclosed. A fluorescent redox indicator, preferably riboflavin, is dispersed in a carrier and placed on an impermeable substrate. The article to be measured is placed adjacent to the carrier. Residual oxygen is removed, the redox indicator is photoreduced, the article and carrier are exposed to oxygen, and the indicator is exposed to UV light.
摘要翻译：公开了一种检测制品对氧气的渗透性的方法。荧光氧化还原指示剂，优选核黄素，分散在载体中并置于不渗透的基质上。要测量的物品放置在载体附近。去除残留的氧，氧化还原指示剂被光还原，制品和载体暴露于氧气，并将指示剂暴露于紫外线。

5. 发明授权

US5316949A Method of detecting the permeability of an object to oxygen 失效
标题翻译：检测物体对氧的渗透性的方法
公开(公告)号：US5316949A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-31
申请号：US988511
申请日：1992-12-10
申请人： Christopher Bull , Charles R. Barmore
发明人： Christopher Bull , Charles R. Barmore
IPC分类号： G01N31/00 , G01N15/08 , G01N21/78 , G01N31/22
CPC分类号： G01N15/08 , G01N31/225 , Y10S436/904 , Y10T436/20 , Y10T436/209163
摘要： A method of detecting the permeability of an article to oxygen is disclosed. A fluorescent redox indicator, preferably riboflavin, is dispersed in a carrier and placed on an impermeable substrate. The article to be measured is placed adjacent to the carrier. Residual oxygen is removed, the redox indicator is photoreduced, the article and carrier are exposed to oxygen, and the indicator is exposed to UV light.
摘要翻译：公开了一种检测制品对氧气的渗透性的方法。荧光氧化还原指示剂，优选核黄素，分散在载体中并置于不渗透的基质上。要测量的物品放置在载体附近。去除残留的氧，氧化还原指示剂被光还原，制品和载体暴露于氧气，并将指示剂暴露于紫外线。

6. 发明授权

US5098186A Stopped flow spectrophotometer mixer 失效
标题翻译：停止流量分光光度计搅拌机
公开(公告)号：US5098186A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-24
申请号：US596711
申请日：1990-10-12
申请人： Christopher Bull
发明人： Christopher Bull
IPC分类号： B01F5/04 , G01N35/08
CPC分类号： G01N35/085 , B01F5/0451 , G01N2201/122
摘要： An improvement in rapid mixers for stopped flow spectrophotometers is disclosed. This improvement involves the dispersion of one solution from the bore of a disperser through notches into a flowing sheath of a second solution. The dispersed mixture is then mixed by passage through a mixer made up of a series of mixing rings with lands and grooves. The lands and grooves of adjoining rings are aligned so grooves are adjacent to lands, thus providing maximum mixing. The ratio of volumes of solutions mixed may vary from 1:1 to 40:1 by varying the number and size of notches in the end of the disperser tube. The viscosity ratio of the solutions mixed may vary from 1:1 to 100:1. Complete (greater than 99%) mixing occurs in less than one millisecond.
摘要翻译：公开了用于停止流动分光光度计的快速混合器的改进。这种改进涉及将一种溶液从分散器的孔通过凹口分散到第二溶液的流动护套中。然后将分散的混合物通过由一系列具有焊盘和凹槽的混合环组成的混合器混合。相邻环的平台和凹槽对齐，因此凹槽与平台相邻，从而提供最大的混合。通过改变分散管末端的切口的数量和尺寸，混合溶液的体积比可以从1:1至40:1变化。混合溶液的粘度比可以从1:1到100:1变化。完成（大于99％）混合发生在不到一毫秒。

7. 发明授权

US06239048B1 Light-activated antimicrobial and antiviral materials 失效
标题翻译：光敏抗菌和抗病毒材料
公开(公告)号：US06239048B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-29
申请号：US08365464
申请日：1994-12-28
申请人： John E. Wilson , Christopher Bull
发明人： John E. Wilson , Christopher Bull
IPC分类号： B32B2704
CPC分类号： D06P5/2005 , A01N25/34 , A01N43/16 , A01N43/84 , A01N61/00 , D06M16/00 , D06P1/0004 , D06P1/0012 , D06P1/0036 , D06P1/34 , D06P1/39 , D06P1/41 , D06P1/48 , D06P1/50 , D06P1/5278 , D06P1/5285 , Y10S428/913 , Y10T442/2525 , Y10T442/277 , A01N2300/00
摘要： A substrate such as a woven or nonwoven fabric bound with a light-activated dye alone or in combination with additional conventional antimicrobial agents. The substrate is impregnated with a light-activated non-leachable dye having antimicrobial and/or antiviral characteristics which can be imparted to the substrate. The dye is bound by a cationic or anionic binder such as a water soluble polymer or carrageenan. Upon exposure to normal light, the dye generates singlet oxygen that kills microorganisms and viruses.
摘要翻译：与单独的光活化染料结合或与另外的常规抗微生物剂组合的织物或非织造织物等基材。用能够赋予基材的具有抗微生物和/或抗病毒特性的光活化的不可浸出的染料浸渍基材。染料被阳离子或阴离子粘合剂如水溶性聚合物或角叉菜胶结合。当暴露于正常光线时，染料会产生杀死微生物和病毒的单线态氧。

8. 发明授权

US5483819A Method of detecting the permeability of an object to oxygen 失效
标题翻译：检测物体对氧的渗透性的方法
公开(公告)号：US5483819A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-16
申请号：US250085
申请日：1994-05-27
申请人： Charles R. Barmore , Christopher Bull
发明人： Charles R. Barmore , Christopher Bull
IPC分类号： G01N15/08 , G01N31/22 , G01N21/78
CPC分类号： G01N31/225 , G01N15/08
摘要： A device for use in a method of detecting the permeability of an article to oxygen is disclosed. A redox indicator and test object are vacuum sealed between a support and a peelable barrier film.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于检测制品对氧气的渗透性的方法中的装置。将氧化还原指示剂和试验物体真空密封在载体和可剥离阻挡膜之间。

9. 发明授权

US5102792A Selective production of L-serine derivative isomers 失效
标题翻译：选择性生产L-丝氨酸衍生物异构体
公开(公告)号：US5102792A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-07
申请号：US84782
申请日：1987-08-13
申请人： James F. Walter , Christopher Bull
发明人： James F. Walter , Christopher Bull
IPC分类号： C12P13/06 , C12P13/04
CPC分类号： C12P13/04
摘要： L-Serine derivatives produced by the enzyme catalyzed aldol condensation of glycine and an aldehyde in aqueous solution are recovered in high yield by extracting the aqueous product solution containing said serine derivatives with an organic phase comprising (i) an aldehyde, or (ii) mixtures of an aldehyde and a water immiscible organic solvent, followed by re-extracting the organic phase with an aqueous phase having a pH of less than about 7.0. The L-erythro isomers of L-serine derivatives such as L-phenylserine may be preferentially prepared by the use of this extraction/re-extraction procedure in combination with bioreactor reaction conditions which include a pH of from about 7.5 to 10, an aldehyde concentration of from about 1 to about 90 grams/liter, a glycine concentration of from about 10 to about 300 grams/liter, and a molar ratio of glycine to aldehyde of from about 4:1 to about 100:1.
摘要翻译：通过萃取含有所述丝氨酸衍生物的含水产物溶液，通过含有（i）醛或（ⅱ）混合物的有机相，以高产率回收由甘氨酸和醛在水溶液中酶催化醛醇缩合产生的L-丝氨酸衍生物的醛和水不混溶的有机溶剂，然后用pH小于约7.0的水相重新萃取有机相。 L-丝氨酸衍生物如L-苯基丝氨酸的L-赤式异构体可以优选地通过使用该提取/再提取方法与生物反应器反应条件组合来制备，所述生物反应器反应条件包括约7.5-10的pH，醛浓度约1至约90克/升，甘氨酸浓度为约10至约300克/升，甘氨酸与醛的摩尔比为约4:1至约100:1。

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