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1. 发明授权

US08259726B2 Method and apparatus for forwarding table reduction 有权
标题翻译：用于转发表减少的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08259726B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-04
申请号：US12789545
申请日：2010-05-28
申请人： Krishnamurthy Subramanian , Arun Viswanathan
发明人： Krishnamurthy Subramanian , Arun Viswanathan
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/54
摘要： A LAN includes a router that is connected to two or more racks of servers and each of the servers can support a plurality of virtual machines. The router is configured to forward data packets based on IP destination addresses or based on destination MAC addresses and builds and maintains forwarding tables in support of data packet forwarding in the layer 3 and the layer 2 network environment. In support of layer 2 forwarding, the router builds and maintains an aggregated MAC switching table that is comprise of a subset of the table entries typically needed to switch packets to their destination, and in support of layer 3 forwarding, the router or switch builds and maintains an aggregated ARP forwarding table that is comprised of a subset of the table entries typically needed to forward packets to their destination.
摘要翻译： LAN包括连接到两个或更多个服务器机架的路由器，并且每个服务器可以支持多个虚拟机。路由器被配置为基于IP目的地地址或基于目的地MAC地址转发数据包，并构建并维护支持第3层和第2层网络环境中的数据包转发的转发表。为了支持二层转发，路由器建立并维护一个聚合的MAC交换表，它包括通常需要的表条目的子集，用于将数据包切换到目的地，并且为了支持第3层转发，路由器或交换机建立和维护聚合ARP转发表，其包括通常需要将分组转发到其目的地的表条目的子集。

2. 发明授权

US08190960B1 Guaranteed inter-process communication 有权
标题翻译：保证流程间沟通
公开(公告)号：US08190960B1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-29
申请号：US12315836
申请日：2008-12-05
申请人： Sachin Bahadur , Arun Viswanathan
发明人： Sachin Bahadur , Arun Viswanathan
IPC分类号： G08C25/02 , H04L1/18 , H03M13/00
CPC分类号： H04L12/56
摘要： A multiprocessor system includes multiple processors executing multiple processes that send messages to each other. The system uses a connectionless single-window inter-process communication (IPC) protocol to avoid the high message-processing overhead of a connection-based protocol like TCP. The IPC protocol uses a central message-receive service that runs in the kernel on each processor to handle error-checking and sequence number checking and acknowledge received messages, while the single-window mechanism avoids out-of-order message reordering/buffering complexity. Since each process sending a message does not need to wait for the receiving process (which may be otherwise preoccupied or not even the focus of the receiving processor when the message is received and queued) before receiving acknowledgments, the protocol greatly reduces single-window message latency for all processes without resorting to complex connection-based multi-packet transmission windows.
摘要翻译：多处理器系统包括执行多个发送消息的进程的多个处理器。该系统使用无连接的单窗口进程间通信（IPC）协议来避免基于连接的协议（如TCP）的高消息处理开销。 IPC协议使用在每个处理器上的内核中运行的中央消息接收服务来处理错误检查和序列号检查并确认接收到的消息，而单窗口机制避免了乱序消息重排序/缓冲复杂度。由于发送消息的每个过程在接收确认之前不需要等待接收过程（其可以以其他方式占据重要的或甚至不接收处理器的焦点），所以该协议大大减少了单窗口消息所有进程的延迟不依赖于基于复杂连接的多分组传输窗口。

3. 发明授权

US6148000A Merging of data cells at network nodes 失效
标题翻译：在网络节点上合并数据单元
公开(公告)号：US6148000A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-14
申请号：US941427
申请日：1997-09-30
申请人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
发明人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
IPC分类号： H04L12/46 , H04L12/54 , H04L12/70 , H04L12/707 , H04L12/709 , H04L12/715 , H04L12/721 , H04L12/723 , H04L12/751 , H04L12/931 , H04L12/935 , H04L29/06 , H04Q11/04 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/04 , H04L12/4608 , H04L12/5601 , H04L45/10 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/245 , H04L45/50 , H04L49/602 , H04L49/606 , H04L69/16 , H04L69/161 , H04L69/168 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/562 , H04L2012/563 , H04L2012/5665 , H04L2012/5667 , H04L49/201 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/3009 , Y02B60/33
摘要： A switching apparatus (and method and program storage device for storing the method) for receiving and transmitting data units each segmented into a series of cells of data, including a first cell and a last cell, each cell of a series including a label common to all cells of said series, includes at least one incoming port for receiving cells of a plurality of series at each incoming port, at least one outgoing port for transmitting cells out of the apparatus with an outbound label, a storage device for storing a series of cells received at each incoming port until the last cell of the series is received, and, a device for transmitting each of the series of cells sequentially from the first cell to the last cell from the storage device to a selected outgoing port. Each cell of each series has an outbound label common to all cells of the series, and all cells of each of the series are transmitted before transmitting any cells of other series having the same outbound label.
摘要翻译：一种用于接收和发送数据单元的切换装置（以及用于存储该方法的方法和程序存储装置），每个数据单元被分割成包括第一小区和最后一个小区的一系列数据单元，每个小区包括共同的标签所述系列的所有单元包括用于在每个入口处接收多个系列的小区的至少一个进入端口，用于使用出站标签从该设备发送小区的至少一个出端口，用于存储一系列在每个输入端口处接收的小区直到接收到该系列的最后一个小区为止，以及用于从该第一小区顺序地将每个小区从存储设备发送到最后一个小区的设备到所选择的出端口的设备。每个系列的每个单元都具有该系列的所有单元公共的出站标签，并且在发送具有相同出站标签的其他系列的任何单元之前，传送每个系列的所有单元。

4. 发明授权

US6130889A Determining and maintaining hop-count for switched networks 失效
标题翻译：确定和维护交换网络的跳数
公开(公告)号：US6130889A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-10
申请号：US941421
申请日：1997-09-30
申请人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
发明人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
IPC分类号： H04L12/46 , H04L12/54 , H04L12/70 , H04L12/707 , H04L12/709 , H04L12/715 , H04L12/721 , H04L12/723 , H04L12/751 , H04L12/931 , H04L12/935 , H04L29/06 , H04Q11/04 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/04 , H04L12/4608 , H04L12/5601 , H04L45/10 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/245 , H04L45/50 , H04L49/602 , H04L49/606 , H04L69/16 , H04L69/161 , H04L69/168 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/562 , H04L2012/563 , H04L2012/5665 , H04L2012/5667 , H04L49/201 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/3009 , Y02B60/33
摘要： This invention discloses a way to map IP or similar routing information onto a technology that uses label switching and swapping, such as ATM, without the need to change the network paradigm. This allows a network to continue to function and appear as a standard IP network, but with much higher performance. One of the requirements of IP networks is to decrement the IP packet Time-To-Live (TTL) field on each hop it traverses. Currently, switched packets within an ATM like network cannot decrement the TTL. This invention can decrement packet TTLs appropriately by maintaining a hop-count per each switched path. This hop-count maintains the total number of hops a packets would have traversed, had it been forwarded in the IP hop-by-hop model, rather than through the ATM like switched path. Before forwarding a packet on a switched path, an ingress ISR decrements the TTL by the hop-count. In this way, at the switched path exit point, the TTL is the same as if it had been forwarded by IP. If the decrement value is greater than or equal to the TTL of the packet, the packet may be forwarded hop-by-hop; in this situation, the packet will be discarded at the correct IP node, rather than being switched through the ATM like network. This hop-count is calculated by virtue of the fact that each switched path is initiated by the egress node, and the establish (or set-up) message traverses the network hop-by-hop until each ingress node is reached. The switched path establishment message includes a hop-count field, which is incremented at each node that processes the establishment message. Thus, at the ingress node, the received hop-count is equal to the total number of hops to the egress point.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种将IP或类似路由信息映射到使用诸如ATM之类的标签交换和交换的技术的方式，而不需要改变网络范例。这允许网络继续运行并显示为标准IP网络，但具有更高的性能。 IP网络的一个要求是在每个跳过的IP包上减少IP包的生存时间（TTL）字段。目前，ATM网络中的交换分组不能减少TTL。本发明可以通过维持每个切换路径的跳数来适当地减小分组TTL。如果是在IP逐跳模型中转发，而不是通过像交换路径的ATM，则该跳数保持数据包将遍历的总跳数。在转发路径上转发数据包之前，入口ISR将TTL减去跳数。以这种方式，在交换路径出口点，TTL与IP已转发相同。如果递减值大于或等于报文的TTL，则报文可以逐跳转发; 在这种情况下，数据包将在正确的IP节点丢弃，而不是通过ATM网络进行切换。由于每个交换路径由出口节点启动，建立（或建立）消息逐跳遍历网络，直至到达每个入口节点为止，计算该跳数。切换路径建立消息包括跳数计数字段，其在处理建立消息的每个节点处递增。因此，在入口节点处，接收的跳数等于出口点的总跳数。

5. 发明授权

US6069889A Aggregation of data flows on switched network paths 失效
标题翻译：交换网络路径上数据流的聚合
公开(公告)号：US6069889A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-30
申请号：US941426
申请日：1997-09-30
申请人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
发明人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
IPC分类号： H04L12/46 , H04L12/54 , H04L12/70 , H04L12/707 , H04L12/709 , H04L12/715 , H04L12/721 , H04L12/723 , H04L12/751 , H04L12/931 , H04L12/935 , H04L29/06 , H04Q11/04 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/04 , H04L12/4608 , H04L12/5601 , H04L45/10 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/245 , H04L45/50 , H04L49/602 , H04L49/606 , H04L69/16 , H04L69/161 , H04L69/168 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/562 , H04L2012/563 , H04L2012/5665 , H04L2012/5667 , H04L49/201 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/3009 , Y02B60/33
摘要： In networks that use the label switching paradigm, labels are typically allocated to a "flow", where a flow is identified as an end-to-end connection between two or more user applications. This approach may quickly lead to exhaustion of the label space, because the number of user connections across a network is unbounded and hence can be too numerous. Moreover, this requires that the setup and teardown procedures be exercised for each user connection. This demands large amounts of resources (in terms of labels, memory and processing) from the network devices. An important objective of this inventive proposal is to reduce the consumption of labels in a network. Several methods are identified through which multiple flows that traverse the same network hops can use a single connection through the network to transport data from the ingress to the egress point of a network. In other words, the flows are "aggregated" onto a single connection from an ingress to an egress point of a network. Consequently, this helps in reducing the labels usage by several degrees and similarly the setup and teardown work by the same order.
摘要翻译：在使用标签交换范例的网络中，标签通常被分配给“流”，其中流被标识为两个或更多个用户应用之间的端到端连接。这种方法可能会很快导致标签空间耗尽，因为跨网络的用户连接数量是无限制的，因此可能太多。此外，这要求为每个用户连接执行安装和拆卸过程。这需要来自网络设备的大量资源（在标签，内存和处理方面）。本发明方案的一个重要目标是减少网络中标签的消耗。通过多种方法来识别穿过相同网络跳数的多个流可以使用通过网络的单个连接来将数据从入口传输到网络的出口点。换句话说，流被“聚合”到从入口到网络的出口点的单个连接上。因此，这有助于将标签使用量降低多个程度，同样按照相同的顺序进行设置和拆卸工作。

6. 发明申请

US20110292939A1 METHOD & APPARATUS FOR FORWARDING TABLE REDUCTION 有权
标题翻译：用于减少表的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20110292939A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：US12789545
申请日：2010-05-28
申请人： Krishnamurthy Subramaian , Arun Viswanathan
发明人： Krishnamurthy Subramaian , Arun Viswanathan
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/54
摘要： A LAN includes a router that is connected to two or more racks of servers and each of the servers can support a plurality of virtual machines. The router is configured to forward data packets based on IP destination addresses or based on destination MAC addresses and builds and maintains forwarding tables in support of data packet forwarding in the layer 3 and the layer 2 network environment. In support of layer 2 forwarding, the router builds and maintains an aggregated MAC switching table that is comprise of a subset of the table entries typically needed to switch packets to their destination, and in support of layer 3 forwarding, the router or switch builds and maintains an aggregated ARP forwarding table that is comprised of a subset of the table entries typically needed to forward packets to their destination.
摘要翻译： LAN包括连接到两个或更多个服务器机架的路由器，并且每个服务器可以支持多个虚拟机。路由器被配置为基于IP目的地地址或基于目的地MAC地址转发数据包，并构建并维护支持第3层和第2层网络环境中的数据包转发的转发表。为了支持二层转发，路由器建立并维护一个聚合的MAC交换表，它包括通常需要的表条目的子集，用于将数据包切换到目的地，并且为了支持第3层转发，路由器或交换机建立和维护聚合ARP转发表，其包括通常需要将分组转发到其目的地的表条目的子集。

7. 发明授权

US07864706B1 Border gateway protocol peer dampening 有权
标题翻译：边界网关协议对等阻尼
公开(公告)号：US07864706B1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US12080749
申请日：2008-04-04
申请人： Kalpesh Zinjuwadia , Arun Viswanathan
发明人： Kalpesh Zinjuwadia , Arun Viswanathan
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/04 , H04L45/02
摘要： A method is disclosed for preventing an unstable BGP Peer from repeatedly initializing unstable BGP connections. In one embodiment, BGP speakers are penalized for causing errors that result in BGP restarts. When a speaker accumulates enough penalty points, its peer notifies it that it has been dampened (prevented from establishing a BGP connection). A memory decay function allows the speaker to automatically attempt a new connection once a given amount of time has passed. The method allows at least two, and possibly more, BGP speakers to avoid network and processor costs from servicing unstable BGP peerings.
摘要翻译：公开了一种防止不稳定BGP对等体重复初始化不稳定BGP连接的方法。在一个实施例中，BGP扬声器受到惩罚，导致导致BGP重新启动的错误。当扬声器累积足够的点数时，其对等体通知它已被阻止（阻止建立BGP连接）。记忆衰减功能允许扬声器在一段时间过去后自动尝试新的连接。该方法允许至少两个，也可能是更多的BGP扬声器，以避免服务不稳定的BGP对等体的网络和处理器成本。

8. 发明申请

US20100148931A1 RADIO DEVICES AND COMMUNICATIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：无线电设备和通信
公开(公告)号：US20100148931A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12333988
申请日：2008-12-12
申请人： Ravikanth Srinivasa Pappu , Yael Gregory Maguire , Bernd Schoner , Brian Fiegel , Arun Viswanathan
发明人： Ravikanth Srinivasa Pappu , Yael Gregory Maguire , Bernd Schoner , Brian Fiegel , Arun Viswanathan
IPC分类号： H04Q5/22
CPC分类号： G06K7/0008 , G06Q10/08 , G06Q10/0833 , H04Q2213/13003
摘要： Each of multiple radio devices in a region (e.g., a zone) receives time reference information for synchronizing themselves amongst each other. For example, based on the timing reference information, each radio device in a region synchronizes itself with respect to a common time reference, enabling communications according to shared access schedule (e.g., a time slotted access schedule). Each of the radio devices schedules communications to one or more target devices (e.g., RFID tags) in a monitored region based at least in part according to the shared access schedule. For example, each of multiple transmitters of the tag readers are assigned one or more time slots of the shared access schedule in which they are permitted to communicate in the monitored region.
摘要翻译：区域（例如，区域）中的多个无线电设备中的每一个接收时间参考信息，以在彼此之间进行自身同步。例如，基于定时参考信息，区域中的每个无线电设备相对于公共时间参考自身同步，使得能够根据共享访问调度（例如，时隙访问调度）进行通信。无线电设备中的每一个至少部分地根据共享访问时间表调度到被监视区域中的一个或多个目标设备（例如，RFID标签）的通信。例如，标签读取器的多个发送器中的每一个被分配一个或多个共享访问时间表的时隙，在该时间段中，它们被允许在被监视区域中进行通信。

9. 发明授权

US6055561A Mapping of routing traffic to switching networks 失效
标题翻译：将路由流量映射到交换网络
公开(公告)号：US6055561A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-25
申请号：US941422
申请日：1997-09-30
申请人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
发明人： Nancy Karen Feldman , Arun Viswanathan , Richard M. Woundy , Richard H. Boivie
IPC分类号： H04L12/46 , H04L12/54 , H04L12/70 , H04L12/707 , H04L12/709 , H04L12/715 , H04L12/721 , H04L12/723 , H04L12/751 , H04L12/931 , H04L12/935 , H04L29/06 , H04Q11/04 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L45/04 , H04L12/4608 , H04L12/5601 , H04L45/10 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/245 , H04L45/50 , H04L49/602 , H04L49/606 , H04L69/16 , H04L69/161 , H04L69/168 , H04Q11/0478 , H04L2012/562 , H04L2012/563 , H04L2012/5665 , H04L2012/5667 , H04L49/201 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/3009 , Y02B60/33
摘要： IP based networks use a number of different IP routing protocols to determine how packets ought to be routed. However, due to the rapid growth of the Internet, there is a great need for higher packet forwarding performance. This invention describes a way to map IP routing information onto a technology that uses label switching and swapping, such as ATM, without the need to change the network paradigm. This allows a network to continue to function and appear as a standard IP network, but with much higher performance. In this invention, an Integrated Switch Router (ISR), is a switch that has been augmented with standard IP routing support. The ISR at an entry point to the switching environment performs standard IP forwarding of datagrams, but the "next hop" of the IP forwarding table has been extended to include a reference to a switched path (for example, the VCC in ATM technology). Each switched path may have an endpoint at a neighboring router (comparable to existing IP next hops on conventional routers), or may traverse a series of ISRs along the best IP forwarding path, to an ISR endpoint. This allows datagrams to be switched at hardware speeds through an entire ISR network.
摘要翻译：基于IP的网络使用许多不同的IP路由协议来确定分组应如何路由。然而，由于互联网的快速增长，对于更高的分组转发性能非常需要。本发明描述了将IP路由信息映射到使用诸如ATM之类的标签交换和交换的技术的方式，而不需要改变网络范例。这允许网络继续运行并显示为标准IP网络，但具有更高的性能。在本发明中，集成交换路由器（ISR）是已经通过标准IP路由支持来增强的交换机。交换环境的入口点的ISR执行数据报的标准IP转发，但是IP转发表的“下一跳”已被扩展为包括对交换路径的参考（例如ATM技术中的VCC）。每个交换路径可以在相邻路由器处具有端点（与传统路由器上的现有IP下一跳相当），或者可以沿着最佳IP转发路径遍历一系列ISR到ISR端点。这允许以硬件速度通过整个ISR网络切换数据报。

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