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    • 2. 发明专利
    • Improvements in or relating to gyroscopic systems for controlling dirigible objects such as aeroplanes
    • GB365190A
    • 1927-01-14
    • GB1839325
    • 1925-07-18
    • PHILIP ANDREW COOKE
    • B64C1/00B64C17/06
    • 365,190. Gyroscopic apparatus. COOKE, P. A., Royal Aircraft Establishment, South Farnborough, Hampshire. July 18, 1925, No. 18393. [Class 97 (iii).] In an automatic control system of the type in which a single universally mounted gyroscope controls both yaw and pitching movements and in which a follow-up system is employed, the gyroscope is arranged with the rotor axis in the fore and aft direction of the dirigible body and the system comprises means sensitive to the component of total acceleration along the fore and aft axis and means for applying torque determined by this component to precess the rotor axis in the longitudinal vertical plane. The invention is shewn applied to a gyro control system of the type described in Specification 365,186 having a rotor 1 either electrically driven or driven by air jets supplied with pressure air through a hollow bottom pivot of the azimuth ring 6 to which the jets are attached. Course changing means such as described in Specification 365,189 are shown at 23, Fig. 1. The inherent tendency of the pitch ring 4 to precess due to the rotation of the earth is counteracted by putting the rotor and gimbal system out of balance by a weight 40 on the azimuth ring so arranged that in unaccelerated motion there will be no couple about the azimuth axis so long as this axis is vertical. Precession of the pitch ring causes operation of the elevators and hence tilting of the azimuth axis whereby the component of gravitational acceleration acting on weight 40 exerts a couple round that axis thus precessing the pitch ring back again and applying elevator until the azimuth axis is again vertical. A lever 41, Fig. 2, pivoted on frame 8 is arranged to bear at one end on a pin 42 on the azimuth ring eccentric to its axis. The lever carries a coiled spring 43 connected so that its torque opposes the torque exerted by weight 40 when the azimuth axis is inclined backwardly. A winding arrangement 44 permits the spring torque to be varied to enable the pitch ring to be maintained in equilibrium for any desired angle of climb. A stack of aneroid diaphragms 45 is mounted on frame 8 so that when expanding it bears on to opposite end 46 of lever 41 and opposes the spring torque. The stack 45 may be adjustably anchored to frame 8 by screw and nut gear 47, 48 driven by a small air motor the air supply to which is controlled by a two-way valve. The rate of change of height then depends on the pressure of air supplied to jets which can be set by a reducing valve. The control system may be adjusted so that the craft turns with the azimuth axis vertical with the engine throttled right back by arranging that the lever 41 is lifted clear of the pin 42. Specification 365,187 also is referred to.
    • 3. 发明专利
    • Improvements in control apparatus for aeroplanes and other dirigible objects
    • GB422813A
    • 1935-01-18
    • GB3469533
    • 1933-12-09
    • FREDERICK WILLIAM MEREDITHPHILIP ANDREW COOKE
    • G05D1/02
    • 422,813. Controlling aircraft. MEREDITH, F. W., Royal Aircraft Establishment, South Farnborough, Hampshire, and COOKE, P. A., Air Ministry, Kingsway, London. Dec. 9, 1933, No. 34695. [Class 4] [See also Group XX] A gyroscopic control system for aeroplanes and other dirigible objects comprises (1) a pendulous gyroscope having its centre of gravity below the roll axis of the aeroplane, and comprising a frame 7, an outer gimbal ring 5 mounted to turn about the horizontal roll axis on the frame 7, an inner gimbal ring 3 mounted to turn about a normally vertical axis on the outer ring and a rotor 1 mounted in the ring 3 to rotate about a normally horizontal spin axis normal to the roll axis ; (2) means for operating ailerons in accordance with deviation of the ring 5 relative to the frame about the roll axis ; (3) means operable, when the ring 3 precesses from a normal position, relatively to the outer ring 5, to apply, between the outer ring 5 and the frame 7, a torque of a corresponding sign to the relative movement between the rings in a direction to produce a counter-precession of the inner ring and (4) restoring means for applying a torque between the rings 3, 5 when the inner ring precesses relatively to the outer ring in the opposite direction to the direction of precession. The movement of the gyroscope and the angular momentum of its rotor are so related to the forward velocity of the aeroplane, that the gyroscope will, when the aeroplane moves on a curved path, precess' in azimuth under the influence of centrifugal force at approximately the same angular velocity as the aeroplane is turning, to maintain the relative relationship between the gyroscope axis and the aeroplane. As shown, the frame 7 is pivoted in a frame 9 mounted on the aeroplane on the same roll axis as the ring 5 which carries a weight 10. (2) Relative movement between the ring 5 and the frame 7 operates due to relative movement between the gyroscope and aeroplane, through a link 21 connected to the ring 5, a piston valve 22 mounted on the frame 7 to supply compressed air to a servo-motor 27, which operates the ailerons. A lever 29 pivoted on the aeroplane and having a bifurcated end which engages the ring 7 and which is connected to the pistonrod 28 of the servo-motor provides a follow-up mechanism. (3) Relative movement between the rings 3, 5 operates through a link 14 connected to the ring 3 a piston valve 13 to cause a piston 18 mounted on the ring 5 and connected to the frame 7 by a link 19 to apply a torque reaction between the frame 7 and the ring 5 in such a sense as to oppose the gravity torque due to the pendulous weight to limit the relative azimuthal precession of the ring 3. (4) A spring 20 mounted on the ring 5 applies a restoring torque through the link 14 to the ring 3 to cause a precession of the ring 5 about its fore-and-aft roll axis and thus return the ring 5 and the weight 10 back to the vertical plane. The mechanism will cause an aeroplane to fly on a curved course without appreciable banking. The apparatus may be modified so that the aeroplane is banked to the appropriate extent in curved flight by providing a torque between the frame 7 and the ring 5 which is proportional to the angular velocity at which the aeroplane is turning.
    • 5. 发明专利
    • Improvements in or relating to gyroscopic systems for controlling dirigible objects such as aeroplanes
    • GB365189A
    • 1927-01-14
    • GB1839025
    • 1925-07-18
    • PHILIP ANDREW COOKE
    • G01C19/00
    • 365,189. Gyroscopic apparatus. COOKE, P. A., Royal Aircraft Establishment, South Farnborough, Hampshire. July 18, 1925, No. 18390. [Class 97 (iii).] In an automatic steering system for dirigible craft of the type comprising an azimuth gyroscope for applying rudder angle, change of course is effected by means operating between the inner gimbal ring and the gyroscope frame which is pivotally mounted in the craft, which means operate to apply a couple to the inner ring so as to precess the azimuth ring controlling the rudder. The Figure shows two pneumatic systems for applying a torque to the inner gimbal ring 4 of a gyroscope 1 universally suspended with its spinning axis 2, 2 on the fore and aft line of the craft. A double acting piston 10 is mounted in a cylinder 11 fixed on the frame 8 of the gyroscope and is connected by a link 9 with the ring 4. The ends of cylinder 11 communicate by means of flexible conduits 12 with a two-way valve by which pressure air may be supplied to one or other side of the piston. An alternative arrangement comprises nozzles 14 for use one at a time for directing a column of compressed air on a vane 13 fixed to the pitch ring 4. According to a modification a number of radiating vanes are substituted for the single horizontal vane 13. Rate of change of course can be governed by adjustment of the pressure of the air supply. The arrangements described may be employed in a system wherein the gyroscope controls the craft in both elevation and direction. Specifications 365,186, 365,187, 365,188, and 365,190 are referred to.
    • 7. 发明申请
    • CONTROL SELECTION APPROXIMATION
    • 控制选择近似
    • WO2011159531A2
    • 2011-12-22
    • PCT/US2011/039583
    • 2011-06-08
    • APPLE INC.DALE, Thomas, Andrew, CookeFLEIZACH, Christopher, Brian
    • DALE, Thomas, Andrew, CookeFLEIZACH, Christopher, Brian
    • G06F3/048
    • G06F3/04886G06F3/0488
    • A method includes displaying a user interface of an application on a device's touch-sensitive display. The user interface includes a plurality of regions, including a respective region at a respective hierarchy level. The respective region has two or more child regions at a hierarchy level below the respective hierarchy level. The method includes detecting a first contact at a location that corresponds to the respective region and that does not correspond to any of the two or more child regions. When the application is configured to process the first contact, not in conjunction with the respective region, but in conjunction with at least one child region of the two or more child regions, the method includes identifying a respective child region in accordance with positions of the child regions relative to the location, and processing the first contact in conjunction with the identified respective child region using the application.
    • 一种方法包括在设备的触敏显示器上显示应用的用户界面。 用户界面包括多个区域,包括相应层级的相应区域。 相应的区域具有在相应层级下面的层级下的两个或更多个子区域。 该方法包括在对应于相应区域并且不对应于两个或更多个子区域中的任一个的位置处检测第一联系人。 当所述应用被配置为处理所述第一联系人时,不与所述相应区域结合,而是与所述两个或更多个子区域的至少一个子区域结合,所述方法包括根据所述第二联系人的位置识别相应的子区域 子区域,并且使用应用程序结合所识别的相应子区域处理第一联系人。
    • 8. 发明申请
    • CONTROL SELECTION APPROXIMATION
    • 控制选择近似
    • WO2011159531A3
    • 2012-02-09
    • PCT/US2011039583
    • 2011-06-08
    • APPLE INCDALE THOMAS ANDREW COOKEFLEIZACH CHRISTOPHER BRIAN
    • DALE THOMAS ANDREW COOKEFLEIZACH CHRISTOPHER BRIAN
    • G06F3/048
    • G06F3/04886G06F3/0488
    • A method includes displaying a user interface of an application on a device's touch-sensitive display. The user interface includes a plurality of regions, including a respective region at a respective hierarchy level. The respective region has two or more child regions at a hierarchy level below the respective hierarchy level. The method includes detecting a first contact at a location that corresponds to the respective region and that does not correspond to any of the two or more child regions. When the application is configured to process the first contact, not in conjunction with the respective region, but in conjunction with at least one child region of the two or more child regions, the method includes identifying a respective child region in accordance with positions of the child regions relative to the location, and processing the first contact in conjunction with the identified respective child region using the application.
    • 一种方法包括在设备的触敏显示器上显示应用的用户界面。 用户界面包括多个区域,包括相应层级的相应区域。 相应的区域具有在相应层级下面的层级下的两个或更多个子区域。 该方法包括在对应于相应区域并且不对应于两个或更多个子区域中的任一个的位置处检测第一联系人。 当所述应用被配置为处理所述第一联系人时,不与所述相应区域结合,而是与所述两个或更多个子区域的至少一个子区域结合,所述方法包括根据所述第二联系人的位置识别相应的子区域 子区域,并且使用应用程序结合所识别的相应子区域处理第一联系人。