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1. 发明授权

US6104190A Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) method and apparatus for detecting a nitramine explosive 有权
标题翻译：核四极共振（NQR）法和硝胺炸药检测装置
公开(公告)号：US6104190A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US193234
申请日：1998-11-17
申请人： Michael L. Buess , Allen N. Garroway
发明人： Michael L. Buess , Allen N. Garroway
IPC分类号： G01R33/44 , G01V3/14 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/14 , G01R33/441
摘要： A Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) method and apparatus for detecting the presence of a nitramine explosive, with a reduced probability of spurious triggering of consumer electronics. In the method and apparatus, a signal is emitted towards a nitramine explosive so that a nitro group in the namine explosive produces an NQR resonance signal. The NQR resonance signal is then detected to thereby detect the presence of the nitramine explosive. If the nitramine explosive is RDX, the NQR resonance signal of the nitro group is at a frequency which is either 502.3 kHz, 500.5 kHz, 405.1 kHz, 396.2 kHz or 384.1 kHz. Such frequencies are much lower than those in conventional detection techniques. As a result, the probability of the undesirable spurious triggering of electronic items exposed to the NQR RF pulses will be reduced, due to the reduction in induced voltage at lower frequency. The detection sensitivity is also reduced, but in many cases will still be adequate to detect nitramine explosives.
摘要翻译：用于检测硝胺炸药存在的核四极共振（NQR）方法和装置，消费电子产品的寄生触发概率降低。在该方法和装置中，向硝胺炸药发射信号，使得硝胺炸药中的硝基产生NQR共振信号。然后检测NQR共振信号，从而检测硝胺炸药的存在。如果硝胺炸药是RDX，硝基的NQR共振信号的频率为502.3 kHz，500.5 kHz，405.1 kHz，396.2 kHz或384.1 kHz。这些频率远低于常规检测技术。结果，由于较低频率的感应电压的降低，暴露于NQR RF脉冲的电子物品的不期望的寄生触发的概率将会降低。检测灵敏度也降低，但在许多情况下仍然足以检测硝胺炸药。

2. 发明授权

US5608321A Method and apparatus for detecting target species having quadropolar muclei by stochastic nuclear quadrupole resonance 失效
标题翻译：通过随机核四极共振检测具有四极核的目标物种的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5608321A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-04
申请号：US583146
申请日：1995-12-28
申请人： Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller , David B. Zax , Ming-Yuan Liao
发明人： Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller , David B. Zax , Ming-Yuan Liao
IPC分类号： G01R33/20 , G01N24/00 , G01N24/08 , G01R33/44
CPC分类号： G01R33/441
摘要： One aspect of the present invention is a method for detecting a class of target species containing quadrupolar nuclei in a specimen by nuclear quadrupole resonance, comprising: (a) generating a random or pseudo-random train of rf pulses; (b) irradiating the specimen with the train of rf pulses; (c) detecting an NQR signal in response to irradiating the specimen; (d) cross-correlating the NQR signal with the random or pseudo-random train of rf pulses, thereby generating a free induction decay signal; and (e) converting the free induction decay signal into a frequency domain signal. Another aspect of the present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.
摘要翻译：本发明的一个方面是一种用于通过核四极共振检测样品中含有四极核的目标种类的方法，包括：（a）产生rf脉冲的随机或伪随机串; （b）用rf脉冲串照射样本; （c）响应于照射所述样本而检测NQR信号; （d）将NQR信号与rf脉冲的随机或伪随机串互相关，从而产生自由感应衰减信号; 和（e）将自由感应衰减信号转换成频域信号。本发明的另一方面是一种用于实施本发明的方法的装置。

3. 发明授权

US06420872B1 Probe for detecting a transient magnetic resonance signal, wherein the ratio of the Q of the probe to the Q of the resonance signal is relatively large 失效
标题翻译：用于检测瞬态磁共振信号的探针，其中探针的Q与谐振信号的Q的比值相对较大
公开(公告)号：US06420872B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09006440
申请日：1998-01-13
申请人： Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller , Bryan H. Suits , Richard L. Garwin
发明人： Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller , Bryan H. Suits , Richard L. Garwin
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： G01R33/36 , G01R33/34053
摘要： An apparatus which includes a probe for detecting a resonance signal induced in a sample. The probe and the resonance signal each have a respective, corresponding Q, and the ratio, Q′, of the Q of the probe to the Q of the resonance signal is relatively large. Preferably, Q′ is greater than, or equal to, 1.
摘要翻译：一种装置，包括用于检测在样品中感应的共振信号的探针。探头和谐振信号各自具有相应的对应的Q，并且探针的Q与谐振信号的Q的比Q'相对较大。优选地，Q'大于或等于1。

4. 发明授权

US5804967A Apparatus and method for generating short pulses for NMR and NQR processing 失效
标题翻译：用于产生用于NMR和NQR处理的短脉冲的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5804967A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US749483
申请日：1996-11-15
申请人： Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway
发明人： Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway
IPC分类号： G01R33/44 , G01R33/46 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/441 , G01R33/4616
摘要： An apparatus using nuclear magnetic or quadrupole resonance to detect selected nuclei in a specimen (e.g., specimens containing a class of explosives or narcotics). The apparatus includes a pulsing unit to generate an RF pulse or a train of pseudo-random RF pulses used in stochastic NQR. Each of the pulses has an RF signal reaching a full amplitude within a quarter-cycle (substantially no pulse rise delay) and having a recovery delay of less than Q/.pi. cycles (substantially no recovery delay). The apparatus also includes a transmitter (e.g., a coil) to irradiate the specimen with a train of pseudo-random RF pulses and to detect after each pulse a resonance signal generated by the specimen in response to each corresponding pulse of the train of pseudo-random RF pulses. The pulsing unit has a capacitor connected to a DC power source by a first switch and connected to the coil by a second switch. When the first switch is closed, the DC power source charges the capacitor. After the first switch is opened, the capacitor generates the pulses through the closing and opening of the second switch. The second switch disconnects the coil from the capacitor to end a pulse transmission when the voltage across the coil y is at zero, thereby allowing immediate reception and detection of resonance signals.
摘要翻译：使用核磁或四极共振来检测样品中的选定核的装置（例如含有一类爆炸物或麻醉剂的试样）。该装置包括脉冲单元，用于产生在随机NQR中使用的RF脉冲或一系列伪随机RF脉冲。每个脉冲具有在四分之一周期（基本上没有脉冲上升延迟）内达到全幅度的RF信号，并且具有小于Q / pi周期的恢复延迟（基本上没有恢复延迟）。该装置还包括一个发射器（例如，一个线圈），用于对一个伪随机RF脉冲序列照射样本，并且在每个脉冲之后检测由样本响应于伪随机RF序列的每个对应脉冲产生的共振信号，随机RF脉冲。脉冲单元具有通过第一开关连接到直流电源并通过第二开关连接到线圈的电容器。当第一开关闭合时，直流电源对电容器充电。在第一开关断开之后，电容通过第二开关的闭合和断开产生脉冲。当线圈y上的电压为零时，第二开关断开线圈与电容器的结合，从而可以立即接收和检测谐振信号。

5. 依法登记的发明

USH1218H NMR imaging with varying spatial coupling 失效
公开(公告)号：USH1218H
公开(公告)日：1993-08-03
申请号：US818939
申请日：1992-05-06
申请人： David G. Cory , Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway
发明人： David G. Cory , Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway
IPC分类号： G01R33/483
CPC分类号： G01R33/4831
摘要： A method for obtaining a nuclear magnetic resonance image of a sample is performed by first placing the sample in a homogeneous static magnetic field excited with a homogeneous transmitter device. Spin magnetization in the sample is thus initially detected with an inhomogeneous receiver device such that an induced voltage in the receiver device depends on a spatial location of precessing nuclei in the sample. Then, a spatial coupling of the sample and the receiver device is varied and the spin magnetization in the sample is again detected with the inhomogeneous receiver device. The full spatial distribution of the spin density of the sample and hence an image of the sample is then determined with the spin magnetizations detected. Either the sample is moved relative to the receiver device, or the spatial coupling of the receiver device and the sample is electronically altered. Any spin interactions are eliminated by using coherent averaging techniques before the detecting steps. In addition, during the varying step, the spin magnetization is either: left in the transverse plane; stored along the static magnetic field direction; allowed to equilibrate along the static magnetic field direction; or spin locked.

6. 发明授权

US06900633B2 Substance detection by nuclear quardrupole resonance using at least two different excitation frequencies 失效
标题翻译：使用至少两个不同的激发频率的核态垒弹性共振物质检测
公开(公告)号：US06900633B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-31
申请号：US10183351
申请日：2002-06-28
申请人： Karen L. Sauer , Bryan H. Suits , Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway , Young K. Lee , Shouqin Huo
发明人： Karen L. Sauer , Bryan H. Suits , Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway , Young K. Lee , Shouqin Huo
IPC分类号： G01R33/44 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/441
摘要： This invention involves an apparatus to measure the nuclear quadrupole (NQR) response of a specimen using three frequencies. Three-frequency NQR involves excitation of at least two transitions that causes an observed signal at a third transition frequency. Thus, the transition excited and detected is not irradiated at all. This reduces undesirable interfering signals due to the excitation, for example as a result of acoustic ringing and/or tank circuit ring-down, since the excitation is not applied at the frequency that is detected. This invention will be particularly useful to detect substances selected from the group consisting of explosives and narcotics using nitrogen NQR.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种使用三个频率测量样品的核四极（NQR）响应的装置。三频NQR涉及激励至少两个转换，其导致在第三转换频率处观察到的信号。因此，激发和检测的转变根本不被照射。这由于激励而导致的不期望的干扰信号，例如由于声音振铃和/或音箱电路的衰减，因为在所检测的频率处不施加激励。本发明对于使用氮NQR检测选自爆炸物和麻醉剂的物质特别有用。

7. 发明授权

US06522135B2 Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) method and probe for generating RF magnetic fields in different directions to distinguish NQR from acoustic ringing induced in a sample 失效
标题翻译：用于在不同方向产生RF磁场的核四极共振（NQR）方法和探头，以区分NQR与样品中诱发的声振
公开(公告)号：US06522135B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US08904937
申请日：1997-08-01
申请人： Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway , Bryan Suits
发明人： Joel B. Miller , Allen N. Garroway , Bryan Suits
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： G01R33/441
摘要： A nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) method and probe for generating RF magnetic fields in different directions to distinguish NQR from acoustic ringing induced in a sample. Generally, an RF magnetic field is generated along an axis towards a sample to induce a resonance signal in the sample. The resonance signal includes NQR and acoustic ringing. The resonance signal is detected along the RF magnetic field axis. The acoustic ringing is detected along a direction orthogonal to the RF magnetic field axis. As a result, the NQR in the resonance signal can be distinguished from the acoustic ringing in the resonance signal.
摘要翻译：用于在不同方向上产生RF磁场的核四极共振（NQR）方法和探针，以区分NQR和样品中诱发的声响。通常，沿着轴线朝向样品产生RF磁场，以在样品中引起共振信号。谐振信号包括NQR和声振。沿着RF磁场轴检测谐振信号。沿着与RF磁场轴正交的方向检测声音振铃。结果，谐振信号中的NQR可以与谐振信号中的声振相区分。

8. 发明授权

US06411208B1 Method and apparatus for detecting a target material in a sample by pre-screening the sample for piezoelectric resonance 失效
标题翻译：用于通过预先筛选用于压电共振的样品来检测样品中的目标材料的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06411208B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US08869934
申请日：1997-06-05
申请人： Michael L. Buess , Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller , James P. Yesinowski , Roy P. Lindquist
发明人： Michael L. Buess , Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller , James P. Yesinowski , Roy P. Lindquist
IPC分类号： G08B2100
CPC分类号： G01N29/036 , G01H13/00 , G01N2291/0256 , G01R33/441 , G01V3/088
摘要： A method and apparatus for screening samples to determine which samples include a target material. Generally, the samples are pre-screened to determine which of the samples have a piezoelectric resonance when irradiated with an electric field, to thereby indicate the presence of the target material. The samples that have the piezoelectric resonance are then further screened by a different process to confirm the presence of the target material. For example, samples that have the piezoelectric resonance are further screened for a specific nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), a specific nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or a specific visual characteristic, to confirm the presence of the target material in the sample. The apparatus and method can be used, for example, to search luggage at ports of entry for the presence of cocaine hydrochloride or heroin hydrochloride.
摘要翻译：用于筛选样品以确定哪些样品包括靶材料的方法和装置。通常，样品被预先筛选以确定哪些样品在用电场照射时具有压电共振，从而指示目标材料的存在。然后通过不同的工艺进一步筛选具有压电共振的样品以确认目标材料的存在。例如，对于特定的核四极共振（NQR），特定的核磁共振（NMR）或特定的视觉特征，进一步筛选具有压电共振的样品，以确认样品中目标材料的存在。该装置和方法可以用于例如在入口处搜索可卡因盐酸盐或盐酸海洛因的存在的行李。

9. 发明授权

US5206592A Detection of explosives by nuclear quadrupole resonance 失效
标题翻译：通过核QUADRUPOLE共振检测爆炸物
公开(公告)号：US5206592A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-27
申请号：US704744
申请日：1991-05-23
申请人： Michael L. Buess , Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller
发明人： Michael L. Buess , Allen N. Garroway , Joel B. Miller
IPC分类号： G01N24/00 , G01R33/44 , G01V3/14
CPC分类号： G01V3/14 , G01R33/441
摘要： A system and method for detecting a class of explosives and narcotics containing nitrogen in a specimen by nuclear quadrupole resonance which improves the selectivity, sensitivity and spatial localization over conventional detection systems. As a result, sub-kilogram quantities of explosives and narcotics against a background of more benign materials may be detected by the nuclear quadrupole resonance system and method. Also, by the use of a meanderline surface coil, the electrical and magnetic fields will fall off rapidly over a short distance so that a localized region may be scanned and people may be scanned without depositing substantial RF power into the body. Furthermore, by using a strong off-resonance comb (SORC) irradiation sequence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected signal is improved for obtaining a more accurate detection signal from the specimen.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过核四极共振检测样品中含有氮的炸药和麻醉剂类的系统和方法，其提高了常规检测系统的选择性，灵敏度和空间定位。因此，核四极共振系统和方法可以检测到以更良性材料为背景的爆炸物和麻醉剂的次公斤数。此外，通过使用曲折线表面线圈，电场和磁场将在短距离内快速脱落，使得可以扫描局部区域，并且可以扫描人们，而不将大量RF功率沉积到体内。此外，通过使用强非共振梳（SORC）照射序列，改善了检测信号的信噪比，以从样本获得更准确的检测信号。

10. 发明授权

US6054856A Magnetic resonance detection coil that is immune to environmental noise 失效
标题翻译：无环境噪声的磁共振检测线圈
公开(公告)号：US6054856A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-25
申请号：US53065
申请日：1998-04-01
申请人： Allen N. Garroway , Bryan H. Suits , Joel B. Miller
发明人： Allen N. Garroway , Bryan H. Suits , Joel B. Miller
IPC分类号： G01V3/14 , A61B5/055 , G01N24/00 , G01N24/10 , G01R33/343 , G01R33/36 , H01F5/00 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/343
摘要： A noise immune gradiometer split shield coil for use in magnetic resonanceetection, such as in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR). The coil is formed by a transmission line configured as a magnetic field gradiometer. The transmission line has a conductor which is electrically continuous through the coil, and a shield which is split at a position that causes the gradiometer to be electrically balanced. In this manner, the coil provides a high degree of internal shielding to reduce the effects of environmental noise pick-up. Such coils are also less sensitive to the effects of nearby conducting media.
摘要翻译：用于磁共振检测的噪声免疫梯度分离屏蔽线圈，如核磁共振（NMR）和核四极共振（NQR）。线圈由配置为磁场梯度计的传输线形成。传输线具有通过线圈电连续的导体，以及在使梯度计电平衡的位置处被分裂的屏蔽。以这种方式，线圈提供高度的内部屏蔽以减少环境噪声拾取的影响。这种线圈对附近导电介质的影响也较不敏感。

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