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71. 发明授权

US09315430B2 Reactor components 有权
标题翻译：反应器组件
公开(公告)号：US09315430B2
公开(公告)日：2016-04-19
申请号：US13658851
申请日：2012-10-24
申请人： Paul F. Keusenkothen , Frank Hershkowitz , Gary D. Mohr , ChangMin Chun , Jeffrey W. Frederick
发明人： Paul F. Keusenkothen , Frank Hershkowitz , Gary D. Mohr , ChangMin Chun , Jeffrey W. Frederick
IPC分类号： C07C4/04 , C07C4/02 , C07C2/02 , C07C11/00 , F23L15/02 , B01J19/02 , B01J19/24 , B01J4/00 , B01J8/04 , C10G9/18 , C10G9/26 , B01J12/00
CPC分类号： C10G9/18 , B01J4/004 , B01J8/0423 , B01J8/0438 , B01J8/0442 , B01J8/0453 , B01J8/0457 , B01J19/02 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2208/00106 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00327 , B01J2208/00495 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00911 , B01J2219/0004 , B01J2219/00117 , B01J2219/00121 , B01J2219/00139 , B01J2219/00155 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/0281 , B01J2219/182 , B01J2219/185 , B01J2219/1923 , B01J2219/194 , B01J2219/1943 , B01J2219/1947 , C07C4/04 , C10G9/26 , F23L15/02 , Y02E20/348
摘要： The present disclosure relates to reactor components and their use, e.g., in regenerative reactors. A process and apparatus for utilizing different wetted areas along the flow path of a fluid in a pyrolysis reactor, e.g., a thermally regenerating reactor, such as a regenerative, reverse-flow reactor, is described.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及反应器组件及其在再生反应器中的用途。描述了在热解反应器（例如再生反应器，例如再生逆流反应器）中沿着流体的流动路径利用不同润湿区域的方法和装置。

72. 发明授权

US08512663B2 Pyrolysis reactor materials and methods 有权
标题翻译：热解反应堆材料及方法
公开(公告)号：US08512663B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-20
申请号：US12467832
申请日：2009-05-18
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Frank Hershkowitz
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Frank Hershkowitz
IPC分类号： B01J19/02 , C01F17/00 , C01G25/02 , C04B35/482 , C04B35/505
CPC分类号： B01J4/002 , B01J8/0438 , B01J8/0442 , B01J8/0492 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2208/00132 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0084 , B01J2208/00849 , B01J2219/00081 , B01J2219/00117 , B01J2219/00157 , B01J2219/00159 , C04B35/482 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3246 , C04B2235/5427 , C04B2235/5436 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/5472 , C04B2235/77 , C04B2235/9684
摘要： In one aspect, the invention includes a refractory material for a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the refractory material comprising an yttria stabilized zirconia, the refractory material comprising at least 21 wt. % yttria based upon the total weight of the refractory material. In another aspect, this invention includes a method for mitigating carbide corrosion while pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock at high temperature using a pyrolysis reactor system comprising the steps of: (a) providing a pyrolysis reactor system comprising stabilized zirconia in a heated region of the reactor, the stabilized zirconia including at least 21 wt. % yttria and having porosity of from 5 vol. % to 28 vol. %; (b) heating the heated region to a temperature of at least 1500° C.; and (c) pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock within the heated region.
摘要翻译：在一个方面，本发明包括用于热解烃原料的热解反应器的耐火材料，所述耐火材料包含氧化钇稳定的氧化锆，所述耐火材料包含至少21wt。基于耐火材料的总重量的氧化钇。另一方面，本发明包括一种减轻碳化物腐蚀的方法，同时使用热解反应器系统在高温下热解烃原料，包括以下步骤：（a）在反应器的加热区域中提供包含稳定的氧化锆的热解反应器系统，稳定的氧化锆包括至少21wt。％氧化钇，孔隙率为5体积％。％至28体积％; （b）将加热区域加热到至少1500℃的温度; 和（c）在加热区域内热解烃原料。

73. 发明授权

US08470097B2 Silicon-containing steel compostition with improved heat exchanger corrosion and fouling resistance 失效
标题翻译：含硅钢组合物具有改善的热交换器腐蚀和耐污垢性
公开(公告)号：US08470097B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-25
申请号：US13471906
申请日：2012-05-15
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Mark A Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian A Cody , Trikur A Ramanarayanan , LeRoy A Clavenna
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Mark A Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian A Cody , Trikur A Ramanarayanan , LeRoy A Clavenna
IPC分类号： C23C8/16 , C23C8/18
CPC分类号： F28D7/16 , C10G9/203 , C10G2300/4075 , F28D2021/0059 , F28F19/00 , F28F19/002 , F28F19/02 , F28F19/06 , F28F21/082 , F28F21/083 , F28F25/08 , F28G7/00 , Y10T428/12549 , Y10T428/1259
摘要： A method of providing sulfidation corrosion resistance and corrosion induced fouling resistance to a heat transfer component surface includes providing a silicon containing steel composition including an alloy and a Si-partitioned non-metallic film formed on a surface of the alloy. The alloy is formed from the composition η, θ,and τ, in which η is a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Co, and mixtures thereof, θ is Si, and τ is at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Al, Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Sc, La, Y, Ce, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, B, C, N, P, O, S and mixtures thereof. The Si-partitioned non-metallic film comprises at least one of sulfide, oxysulfide and mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译：提供耐硫化腐蚀性和对传热组分表面的腐蚀引起的结垢性的方法包括提供包含在合金表面上形成的合金和Si分隔的非金属膜的含硅钢组合物。合金由组成eta，θ和tau形成，其中η是选自Fe，Ni，Co及其混合物的金属，θ是Si，tau是选自以下的至少一种合金元素：由Cr，Al，Mn，Ti，Zr，Hf，V，Nb，Ta，Mo，W，Sc，La，Y，Ce，Ru，Rh，Ir，Pd，Pt，Cu，Ag，Au， Ga，Ge，As，In，Sn，Sb，Pb，B，C，N，P，O，S及其混合物。 Si分隔的非金属膜包括硫化物，硫化硫及其混合物中的至少一种。

74. 发明授权

US08465599B2 Chromiun-enriched oxide containing material and preoxidation method of making the same to mitigate corrosion and fouling associated with heat transfer components 失效
标题翻译：富含氧化铬的氧化物材料和预氧化方法，以减少与传热组分相关的腐蚀和结垢
公开(公告)号：US08465599B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-18
申请号：US13193223
申请日：2011-07-28
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Mark A. Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian A. Cody , Trikur A. Ramanarayanan
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Mark A. Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian A. Cody , Trikur A. Ramanarayanan
IPC分类号： C23C8/14
CPC分类号： F28D7/16 , C10G9/203 , C10G2300/4075 , F28D2021/0059 , F28F19/00 , F28F19/002 , F28F19/02 , F28F19/06 , F28F21/082 , F28F21/083 , F28F25/08 , F28G7/00 , Y10T428/12549 , Y10T428/1259
摘要： A method of providing sulfidation corrosion resistance and corrosion induced fouling resistance for a heat transfer component is disclosed. The heat transfer component includes a heat exchange surface formed from a chromium-enriched oxide containing material formed from the composition δ, ε, and ζ, wherein ζ is a steel containing at least about 5 to about 40 wt. % chromium, ε is a chromium enriched oxide (M3O4 or M2O3 or mixtures thereof) formed on the surface of the steel ζ, wherein M is a metal containing at least 5 wt. % Cr based on the total weight of the metal M, and δ is a top layer formed on the surface of the chromium-enriched oxide ε, comprising sulfide, oxide, oxysulfide, and mixtures thereof. The top layer δ comprises iron sulfide (Fe1-xS), iron oxide (Fe3O4), iron oxysulfide, iron-chromium sulfide, iron-chromium oxide, iron-chromium oxysulfide, and mixtures thereof. The metal M of the chromium enriched oxide (M3O4 or M2O3 or mixtures thereof) may comprise Fe, Cr, and constituting elements of the steel ζ. The steel ζ may be selected from low chromium steels, ferritic stainless steels, martensitic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels and precipitation-hardenable alloys.
摘要翻译：公开了一种提供耐热性和耐腐蚀性的传热部件的耐污性的方法。传热组件包括由组合物δ，ε和zeta形成的含铬富含氧化物材料形成的热交换表面，其中ζ是含有至少约5至约40wt。％铬，ε是形成在钢ζ表面上的富铬氧化物（M3O4或M2O3或其混合物），其中M是含有至少5wt。％Cr，基于金属M的总重量，δ是在富含铬的氧化物ε的表面上形成的顶层，其包含硫化物，氧化物，氧硫化物及其混合物。顶层delta包括硫化铁（Fe1-xS），氧化铁（Fe3O4），硫氧化铁，铁 - 硫化铬，铁 - 氧化铬，铁 - 硫氧化铬及其混合物。富含铬的氧化物（M3O4或M2O3或其混合物）的金属M可以包含Fe，Cr和钢ζ的构成元素。钢ζ可选自低铬钢，铁素体不锈钢，马氏体不锈钢，奥氏体不锈钢，双相不锈钢和沉淀硬化合金。

75. 发明授权

US08399372B2 Stabilized ceramic composition, apparatus and methods of using the same 有权
标题翻译：稳定的陶瓷组合物，使用它们的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US08399372B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-19
申请号：US12467752
申请日：2009-05-18
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Frank Hershkowitz
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Frank Hershkowitz
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , C04B35/48
CPC分类号： C04B38/0006 , C04B35/488 , C04B38/0041 , C04B2235/3206 , C04B2235/3208 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3229 , C04B2235/3232 , C04B2235/3246 , C04B2235/3272 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/5427 , C04B2235/5436 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/5472 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/80 , C10G9/28
摘要： In one aspect, the invention includes a refractory material, said material comprising: (i) at least 20 wt. % of a first grain mode stabilized zirconia based upon the total weight of said material, said first grain mode having a D50 grain size in the range of from 5 to 2000 μm, said stabilized zirconia including a matrix oxide stabilizer; (ii) at least 1 wt. % of a second grain mode having a D50 grain size in the range of from 0.01 μm up to not greater than one-fourth the D50 grain size of said first grain mode zirconia, based upon the total weight of said material; and (iii) at least 1 wt. % of a preservative component within at least one of said first grain mode stabilized zirconia, said second grain mode stabilized zirconia, and an optional another grain mode; wherein after sintering, said material has porosity at 20° C. in the range of from 5 to 45 vol %.
摘要翻译：一方面，本发明包括耐火材料，所述材料包括：（i）至少20wt。基于所述材料的总重量的第一晶粒模式稳定化氧化锆的％，所述第一晶粒模式具有在5至2000μm范围内的D50晶粒尺寸，所述稳定化氧化锆包括基体氧化物稳定剂; （ii）至少1wt。基于所述材料的总重量，具有D50晶粒尺寸在0.01μm至不超过所述第一晶粒模式氧化锆的D50晶粒尺寸的四分之一范围内的第二晶粒模式的百分比; 和（iii）至少1wt。所述第一晶粒模式稳定化氧化锆，所述第二晶粒模式稳定化氧化锆和任选的另一晶粒模式中的至少一种中的防腐剂组分％其中烧结后，所述材料在20℃下的孔隙率为5-45体积％。

76. 发明申请

US20120273091A1 SILICON-CONTAINING STEEL COMPOSTITION WITH IMPROVED HEAT EXCHANGER CORROSION AND FOULING RESISTANCE 失效
标题翻译：具有改善热交换器腐蚀和耐电阻性的含硅钢组合
公开(公告)号：US20120273091A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-01
申请号：US13471906
申请日：2012-05-15
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Mark A. Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian A. Cody , Trikur A. Ramanarayanan , LeRoy R. Clavenna
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Mark A. Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian A. Cody , Trikur A. Ramanarayanan , LeRoy R. Clavenna
IPC分类号： C23C8/00
CPC分类号： F28D7/16 , C10G9/203 , C10G2300/4075 , F28D2021/0059 , F28F19/00 , F28F19/002 , F28F19/02 , F28F19/06 , F28F21/082 , F28F21/083 , F28F25/08 , F28G7/00 , Y10T428/12549 , Y10T428/1259
摘要： A method of providing sulfidation corrosion resistance and corrosion induced fouling resistance to a heat transfer component surface includes providing a silicon containing steel composition including an alloy and a Si-partitioned non-metallic film formed on a surface of the alloy. The alloy is formed from the composition η, θ, and t, in which η is a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Co, and mixtures thereof, θ is Si, and t is at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Al, Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Sc, La, Y, Ce, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, B, C, N, P, O, S and mixtures thereof. The Si-partitioned non-metallic film comprises at least one of sulfide, oxysulfide and mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译：提供耐硫化腐蚀性和对传热组分表面的腐蚀引起的结垢性的方法包括提供包含在合金表面上形成的合金和Si分隔的非金属膜的含硅钢组合物。该合金由组合物＆amp; ...，...和t形成，其中，是选自Fe，Ni，Co及其混合物的金属，是Si，t是选自Cr，Al，Mn，Ti，Zr，Hf，V，Nb，Ta，Mo，W，Sc，La，Y，Ce，Ru，Rh中的至少一种合金元素，Ir，Pd，Pt，Cu，Ag，Au，Ga，Ge，As，In，Sn，Sb，Pb，B，C，N，P，O，S及其混合物。 Si分隔的非金属膜包括硫化物，硫化硫及其混合物中的至少一种。

77. 发明申请

US20120211400A1 Alumina Forming Bimetallic Tube for Refinery Process Furnaces and Method of Making and Using 有权
标题翻译：用于精炼厂工艺炉的氧化铝成型双金属管及其制造和使用方法
公开(公告)号：US20120211400A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-23
申请号：US13446376
申请日：2012-04-13
申请人： ChangMin Chun , David Samuel Deutsch , Vance A. McCray , James Edward Feather , Brenda Anne Raich
发明人： ChangMin Chun , David Samuel Deutsch , Vance A. McCray , James Edward Feather , Brenda Anne Raich
IPC分类号： C10G75/02 , C10G75/04
CPC分类号： F16L9/02 , B01J19/02 , B01J19/1812 , B01J2219/00247 , B01J2219/0236 , B01J2219/0286 , B23K10/027
摘要： Provided is a bimetallic tube for transport of hydrocarbon feedstocks in refinery process furnaces, and more particularly in furnace radiant coils, including: i) an outer tube layer being formed from stainless steels including chromium in the range of 15.0 to 26.0 wt. % based on the total weight of the stainless steel; ii) an inner tube layer being formed from an alumina forming bulk alloy including 5.0 to 10.0 wt. % of Al, 20.0 wt. % to 25.0 wt. % Cr, less than 0.4 wt. % Si, and at least 35.0 wt. % Fe with the balance being Ni, wherein the inner tube layer is formed plasma powder welding the alumina forming bulk alloy on the inner surface of the outer tube layer; and iii) an oxide layer formed on the surface of the inner tube layer, wherein the oxide layer is substantially comprised of alumina, chromia, silica, mullite, spinels, or mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种用于在精炼加工炉中更加特别是在炉内辐射线圈中输送烃原料的双金属管，包括：i）由不锈钢形成的外管层，该不锈钢包括15.0至26.0wt。基于不锈钢总重量％; ii）内管层，其由包含5.0至10.0重量％的氧化铝形成块状合金形成。％的Al，20.0wt。％至25.0wt。％Cr，小于0.4wt。％Si，和至少35.0wt。％Fe，余量为Ni，其中内管层形成等离子体粉末，将氧化铝形成体合金焊接在外管层的内表面上; 以及iii）形成在所述内管层的表面上的氧化物层，其中所述氧化物层基本上由氧化铝，氧化铬，二氧化硅，莫来石，尖晶石或其混合物组成。

78. 发明授权

US07544228B2 Large particle size and bimodal advanced erosion resistant oxide cermets 有权
标题翻译：大颗粒尺寸和双峰高级耐腐蚀氧化物金属陶瓷
公开(公告)号：US07544228B2
公开(公告)日：2009-06-09
申请号：US11639692
申请日：2006-12-15
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , John R. Peterson , Robert L. Antram , Christopher J. Fowler
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Narasimha-Rao V. Bangaru , John R. Peterson , Robert L. Antram , Christopher J. Fowler
IPC分类号： C22C29/12
CPC分类号： C22C29/12 , C22C32/0015 , C22C32/0026 , C23C30/00 , Y10T428/12007
摘要： One form of the disclosure includes a cermet composition represented by the formula (PQ)(RS) comprising: a ceramic phase (PQ) and a binder phase (RS) wherein, P is a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Mg, Ca, Y, Fe, Mn, Group IV, Group V, Group VI elements, and mixtures thereof, Q is oxide, R is a base metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni Co, Mn and mixtures thereof, S consists essentially of at least one element selected from Cr, Al and Si and at least one reactive wetting element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Sc, Y, La, and Ce, wherein the ceramic phase (PQ) ranges from about 55 to 95 vol % based on the volume of the cermet and is dispersed in the binder phase (RS) as particles with a diameter of 100 microns or greater. Another form of the disclosure relates to a bimodal size distribution of the metal oxide ceramic phase within the metal matrix phase. The metal oxide cermet compositions disclosed are suitable for high temperature applications requiring superior erosion and corrosion resistance.
摘要翻译：本发明的一种形式包括由式（PQ）（RS）表示的金属陶瓷组合物，其包含：陶瓷相（PQ）和粘结相（RS），其中P是选自Al，Si， Mg，Ca，Y，Fe，Mn，IV族，V族，VI族元素及其混合物，Q为氧化物，R为选自Fe，Ni Co，Mn的贱金属及其混合物，S 基本上由选自Cr，Al和Si中的至少一种元素和选自Ti，Zr，Hf，Ta，Sc，Y，La和Ce中的至少一种反应性润湿元素组成，其中陶瓷相（PQ ）基于金属陶瓷的体积为约55至95体积％，并作为直径为100微米或更大的颗粒分散在粘结相（RS）中。本公开的另一种形式涉及金属氧化物陶瓷相在金属基质相内的双峰尺寸分布。所公开的金属氧化物金属陶瓷组合物适合于需要优异的耐腐蚀和耐腐蚀性的高温应用。

79. 发明申请

US20070207329A1 Chromiun-enriched oxide containing material and preoxidation method of making the same to mitigate corrosion and fouling associated with heat transfer components 失效
标题翻译：富含氧化铬的氧化物材料和预氧化方法，以减少与传热组分相关的腐蚀和结垢
公开(公告)号：US20070207329A1
公开(公告)日：2007-09-06
申请号：US11641750
申请日：2006-12-20
申请人： ChangMin Chun , Mark Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian Cody , Trikur Ramanarayanan
发明人： ChangMin Chun , Mark Greaney , Thomas Bruno , Ian Cody , Trikur Ramanarayanan
IPC分类号： B32B9/00 , B32B19/00 , B32B15/04 , B32B9/04
CPC分类号： F28D7/16 , C10G9/203 , C10G2300/4075 , F28D2021/0059 , F28F19/00 , F28F19/002 , F28F19/02 , F28F19/06 , F28F21/082 , F28F21/083 , F28F25/08 , F28G7/00 , Y10T428/12549 , Y10T428/1259
摘要： A heat transfer component that is resistant to corrosion and fouling is disclosed. The heat transfer component includes a heat exchange surface formed from a chromium-enriched oxide containing material formed from the composition δ, ε, and ζ, wherein ζ is a steel containing at least about 5 to about 40 wt. % chromium, ε is a chromium enriched oxide (M3O4 or M2O3 or mixtures thereof) formed on the surface of the steel ζ, wherein M is a metal containing at least 5 wt. % Cr based on the total weight of the metal M, and δ is a top layer formed on the surface of the chromium-enriched oxide ε, comprising sulfide, oxide, oxysulfide, and mixtures thereof. The top layer δ comprises iron sulfide (Fe1-xS), iron oxide (Fe3O4), iron oxysulfide, iron-chromium sulfide, iron-chromium oxide, iron-chromium oxysulfide, and mixtures thereof. The metal M of the chromium enriched oxide (M3O4 or M2O3 or mixtures thereof) may comprise Fe, Cr, and constituting elements of the steel ζ. The steel ζ may be selected from low chromium steels, ferritic stainless steels, martensitic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels and precipitation-hardenable alloys.
摘要翻译：公开了耐腐蚀和结垢的传热部件。传热组件包括由组合物δ，ε和zeta形成的含铬富含氧化物材料形成的热交换表面，其中ζ是含有至少约5至约40wt。％铬，ε是富含铬的氧化物（M 3 O 4 O 3或M 2 O 3 O 3或其混合物），其中M是含有至少5重量％的金属的金属。％Cr，基于金属M的总重量，δ是在富含铬的氧化物ε的表面上形成的顶层，其包含硫化物，氧化物，氧硫化物及其混合物。顶层δ包括硫化铁（Fe 1-x S），氧化铁（Fe 3 O 4 O 4），氧硫化铁，铁 - 硫化铬，氧化铁 - 氧化铬，氧硫化铁 - 及其混合物。富含铬的氧化物（M 3 O 4 O 3或M 2 O 3）的金属M或其混合物）可以包含Fe，Cr和钢ζ的构成元素。钢ζ可选自低铬钢，铁素体不锈钢，马氏体不锈钢，奥氏体不锈钢，双相不锈钢和沉淀硬化合金。

80. 发明申请

US20070187078A1 Insert and method for reducing fouling in a process stream 有权
标题翻译：用于减少工艺流中结垢的插入物和方法
公开(公告)号：US20070187078A1
公开(公告)日：2007-08-16
申请号：US11641751
申请日：2006-12-20
申请人： Mark Greaney , James Feather , Thomas Bruno , ChangMin Chun , Clifford Hay
发明人： Mark Greaney , James Feather , Thomas Bruno , ChangMin Chun , Clifford Hay
IPC分类号： F28F13/18 , F28F9/02
CPC分类号： F28D7/16 , C10G9/203 , C10G2300/4075 , F28D2021/0059 , F28F19/00 , F28F19/002 , F28F19/02 , F28F19/06 , F28F21/082 , F28F21/083 , F28F25/08 , F28G7/00 , Y10T428/12549 , Y10T428/1259
摘要： An insert for reducing sulfidation corrosion and depositional fouling is disclosed. The insert is formed from a corrosion and fouling resistant steel composition containing a Cr-enriched layer and having a surface roughness of less than 40 micro inches (1.1 μm).
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于减少硫化腐蚀和沉积污垢的插入物。插入物由含有富Cr层且表面粗糙度小于40微英寸（1.1μm）的耐腐蚀和防污钢组合物形成。

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