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    • 72. 发明授权
    • Photovoltaic element and process for the production thereof
    • 光伏元件及其制造方法
    • US06689951B2
    • 2004-02-10
    • US10144719
    • 2002-05-15
    • Koichi ShimizuTsutomu MurakamiKoji Tsuzuki
    • Koichi ShimizuTsutomu MurakamiKoji Tsuzuki
    • H01L304
    • H01L31/022425Y02E10/50
    • A photovoltaic element having an electrode structure having joining portions (A) in which collecting electrodes are spacedly arranged on a light receiving face side of the photovoltaic element such that they are individually joined to a bus bar electrode. Each of the joining portions (A) has a first joining portion (i) having a first paste. Each of collecting electrodes (b) excluding the collecting electrodes (a) positioned at opposite end sides of the arrangement of the collecting electrodes further has a second joining portion (ii) having a second paste with a smaller resistivity than that of the first paste. A proportion of the first joining portion (i) in the joining portion (A) of each of the collecting electrodes (a) is greater than a proportion of the first joining portion (i) in the joining portion (A) of each of the collecting electrodes (b). A process for the production of the photovoltaic element.
    • 一种具有电极结构的光电元件,具有接合部分(A),其中收集电极间隔地设置在光电元件的光接收面侧,使得它们分别接合到母线电极。 每个接合部分(A)具有具有第一浆料的第一接合部分(i)。 除了位于集电电极的配置的相对端侧的集电极(a)之外的每个集电极(b)还具有第二接合部分(ii),其具有比第一浆料的电阻率小的第二焊膏。 每个集电电极(a)的接合部分(A)中的第一接合部分(i)的比例大于第一接合部分(i)在接合部分(A)中的比例 收集电极(b)。 一种用于生产光伏元件的方法。
    • 78. 发明授权
    • Differential amplifier
    • 差分放大器
    • US4538114A
    • 1985-08-27
    • US528656
    • 1983-09-01
    • Nobuo KunimiKoichi ShimizuToshiro Suzuki
    • Nobuo KunimiKoichi ShimizuToshiro Suzuki
    • H03F1/30H03F3/30H03F3/45
    • H03F1/301H03F3/3028H03F3/45192H03F3/45659H03F2203/45508H03F2203/45631
    • A differential amplifier formed of MISFETs includes a differential amplification stage and a pair of cascade amplification stages which receive outputs from the differential amplification stage. In each of the cascade amplification stages, an amplifying MISFET which receives an input signal at its source has a channel conductivity of opposite type to that of the differential input MISFETs of the differential amplification stage. The differential amplifier with this construction has good frequency characteristics. Since the pair of cascade amplification stages make the currents taken from a pair of outputs from the differential amplification stage equal to each other, the operating balance of the differential amplification stage is not affected. The differential amplifier further includes a feedback circuit which detects the operating points of these cascade amplification stages by referring to the outputs of the cascade amplification stages, and generates a control voltage by comparing the operating points thus detected with a reference potential. The control voltage is fed back to the gates of the amplifying MISFETs in each cascade amplification stage. As a result, the operating point of each cascade amplification stage can be stabilized irrespective of variations in the characteristics of the MISFETs or the changes of their characteristics.
    • 由MISFET构成的差分放大器包括差分放大级和一对级联放大级,它们接收差分放大级的输出。 在每个级联放大级中,在其源极处接收输入信号的放大MISFET具有与差分放大级的差分输入MISFET相反的沟道电导率。 具有这种结构的差分放大器具有良好的频率特性。 由于一对级联放大级使得从差分放大级的一对输出获得的电流彼此相等,差动放大级的操作平衡不受影响。 差分放大器还包括一个反馈电路,通过参考级联放大级的输出来检测这些级联放大级的工作点,并通过将这样检测的工作点与参考电位进行比较来产生控制电压。 在各级联放大级中,将控制电压反馈给放大MISFET的栅极。 结果,无论MISFET的特性的变化或其特性的变化如何,均可稳定各级联放大级的工作点。