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51. 发明授权

US08492038B2 Startup and shutdown procedures for operating a fuel cell assembly 有权
标题翻译：用于操作燃料电池组件的启动和停机程序
公开(公告)号：US08492038B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-23
申请号：US11718253
申请日：2004-12-29
申请人： Richard D. Breault , Carl Rohrbach, Jr.
发明人： Richard D. Breault , Carl Rohrbach, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/086
摘要： A fuel cell assembly (20) has an extended operational life, in part, because of unique startup and shutdown procedures used for operating the fuel cell assembly. In disclosed examples, a purge gas mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen includes less than 2% hydrogen for selectively purging portions of the assembly during a startup or shutdown procedure. In a disclosed example, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture contains less than 0.1% hydrogen.
摘要翻译：燃料电池组件（20）具有延长的使用寿命，部分原因是由于用于操作燃料电池组件的独特启动和关闭程序。在所公开的实施例中，氢和氮的吹扫气体混合物包括小于2％的氢气，用于在启动或关闭过程期间选择性地吹扫组件的部分。在公开的实施例中，氢 - 氮混合物含有小于0.1％的氢。

52. 发明授权

US08298725B2 Electrode substrate for electrochemical cell from carbon and cross-linkable resin fibers 有权
标题翻译：用于碳和可交联树脂纤维的电化学电池的电极基底
公开(公告)号：US08298725B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-30
申请号：US12311483
申请日：2007-03-29
申请人： Richard D. Breault
发明人： Richard D. Breault
IPC分类号： H01M4/00
CPC分类号： D04H1/54 , D04H1/42 , D04H1/4242 , D04H1/542 , D04H1/64 , D04H1/732 , D21H13/16 , D21H13/22 , D21H13/50 , D21H17/07 , D21H27/30 , H01M8/023 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A method of making an electrochemical cell electrode substrate includes creating an aqueous or dry mixture of chopped carbon fibers, chopped cross-linkable resin fibers that are still fuseable after being formed into a felt, such as novolac, a temporary binder, such as polyvinyl alcohol fiber or powder, forming a non-woven felt from either an aqueous suspension of the aqueous mixture or an air suspension of the dry mixture, by a non-woven, wet-lay or dry-lay, respectively, felt forming process, a resin curing agent, such as hexamethylene tetramine may be included in the aqueous or dry mixture, or it may be coated onto the formed felt; pressing one or more layers of the formed felt for 1-5 minutes to a controlled thickness and a controlled porosity at a temperature at which the resin melts, cross-links and then cures, such as 150° C.-200° C.; and heat treating the pressed felt in a substantially inert atmosphere, first to 750° C.-1000° C. and then to 1000° C.-3000° C.
摘要翻译：制造电化学电池电极基板的方法包括产生切碎的碳纤维的水性或干混合物，在形成毡之后仍然可熔的切断的可交联树脂纤维，例如酚醛清漆，临时粘合剂如聚乙烯醇纤维或粉末，通过水分混合物的水性悬浮液或干燥混合物的空气悬浮液，分别通过无纺布，湿敷或干铺，分别形成无纺毡，毡成型工艺，树脂固化剂如六亚甲基四胺可以包含在水或干混合物中，或者可以将其涂布到形成的毡上; 将一层或多层所形成的毡压制至受控的厚度，并在树脂熔化，交联，然后固化，例如150℃-2200℃的温度下控制孔隙率。并在基本惰性的气氛中对压制毛毡进行热处理，首先至750℃-1000℃，然后至1000℃-3000℃

53. 发明申请

US20120028160A1 PREVENTING MIGRATION OF LIQUID ELECTROLYTE OUT OF A FUEL CELL 有权
标题翻译：防止液体电解液从燃料电池中移出
公开(公告)号：US20120028160A1
公开(公告)日：2012-02-02
申请号：US13142099
申请日：2009-06-18
申请人： Sridhar V. Kanuri , Richard D. Breault , Kishore kumar Tenneti , Ned E. Cipollini
发明人： Sridhar V. Kanuri , Richard D. Breault , Kishore kumar Tenneti , Ned E. Cipollini
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M2/08 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/086 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0284 , H01M8/0286 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A stack (10) of fuel cells (11) is provided with barriers (32) to prevent migration of a liquid electrolyte (such as phosphoric acid) out of the cells (11). The barrier (32) is secured within a step (34) defined within a land region (28) of a separator plate assembly (18) and extends from an edge (30) of the separator plate assembly (18) all or a portion of a distance between the edge (30) and a flow channel (24) defined within the separator plate assembly (18). The barrier (32) also extends away from the edge (30) a distance of between 0.051 and 2.0 millimeters (2 and 80 mils). The barrier (32) includes a hydrophobic, polymeric film (36), a pressure sensitive adhesive (38), as an assembly aid, and a fluoroelastomer bonding agent (40).
摘要翻译：燃料电池（11）的堆叠（10）设置有阻挡层（32），以防止液体电解质（例如磷酸）从电池（11）中迁移。隔板（32）固定在限定在分隔板组件（18）的平台区域（28）内的台阶（34）内，并从分隔板组件（18）的边缘（30）延伸，全部或一部分所述边缘（30）和限定在所述分隔板组件（18）内的流动通道（24）之间的距离。阻挡层（32）也从边缘（30）延伸出0.051和2.0毫米（2和80密耳）之间的距离。阻挡层（32）包括疏水性聚合物膜（36），作为组合助剂的压敏粘合剂（38）和含氟弹性体粘合剂（40）。

54. 发明申请

US20110177419A1 Fuel cell separator plate 审中-公开
标题翻译：燃料电池隔板
公开(公告)号：US20110177419A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-21
申请号：US12930633
申请日：2011-01-11
申请人： Warren L. Luoma , Robert P. Roche , Richard D. Breault , Sridhar V. Kanuri , Kishore Kumar Tenneti
发明人： Warren L. Luoma , Robert P. Roche , Richard D. Breault , Sridhar V. Kanuri , Kishore Kumar Tenneti
IPC分类号： H01M2/16 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0221 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228
摘要： A fuel cell separator plate assembly (20, 20a) includes a separator layer (22, 22a) and one or more reactant flow field layers (24, 24a, 26, 26a) comprising graphite flakes and a thermoplastic, hydrophobic resin which secures flow field layers on opposite sides of the separator layer. In another example, a separator plate assembly (20a) comprises a monolithic structure in which the separator portion (22a) and the flow field portions (24a, 26a) are all formed in a single piece of the same material. A method heats thermoplastic resin to its point of complete melting, then cools to its point where melting begins, increasing both electric and thermal conductivity. Methods include bonding under higher pressure than previously used, about 800 psi, or under pressures about 750 psi.
摘要翻译：燃料电池分离器板组件（20,20a）包括隔离层（22,22a）和一个或多个包含石墨薄片和热塑性疏水性树脂的反应物流场层（24,24,26,26a），其确保流场分层的相对侧上的层。在另一示例中，分离板组件（20a）包括整体结构，其中分离器部分（22a）和流场部分（24a，26a）全部以同一材料形成。一种方法将热塑性树脂加热至其完全熔化点，然后冷却至熔点开始点，增加电导率和导热性。方法包括在比以前使用的更高的压力下粘合，约800psi，或在约750psi的压力下。

55. 发明申请

US20100189990A1 HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ELECTRODE SUBSTRATE 审中-公开
标题翻译：高导热电极基板
公开(公告)号：US20100189990A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-29
申请号：US12671071
申请日：2007-09-19
申请人： Richard D. Breault
发明人： Richard D. Breault
IPC分类号： H01M4/58 , B32B5/16 , B32B5/18 , B32B5/02 , H01M4/36 , B05D3/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0243 , H01M4/8807 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/086 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02P70/56 , Y10T428/249964 , Y10T428/25
摘要： An electrode substrate is disclosed that includes a plane and a through-plane direction. First and second carbon fibers are respectively arranged in the plane and through-plane direction. The substrate includes a thickness in the through-plane direction and the second fiber has a length less than the thickness. The first carbon fiber has a length greater than the thickness. In one example method of manufacturing the example substrate, PAN-based carbon fibers are blended with meso-phase pitch-based carbon fibers. A resin is applied to a non-woven felt constructed from the carbon fibers. The felt and resin are heated to a desired temperature to achieve a desired through-plane thermal conductivity.
摘要翻译：公开了一种包括平面和通过平面方向的电极基底。第一和第二碳纤维分别布置在平面和平面方向上。基板包括贯穿平面方向的厚度，第二光纤的长度小于厚度。第一碳纤维的长度大于厚度。在制造实施例基材的一个示例性方法中，PAN基碳纤维与内相级沥青基碳纤维共混。将树脂施加到由碳纤维构成的无纺布上。将毡和树脂加热到所需的温度以达到所需的通过平面的热导率。

56. 发明申请

US20090325033A1 Liquid electrolyte fuel cell having an anode substrate layer thicker than the cathode substrate layer 有权
标题翻译：液体电解质燃料电池具有比阴极衬底层厚的阳极衬底层
公开(公告)号：US20090325033A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-31
申请号：US12311592
申请日：2006-10-27
申请人： Richard D. Breault
发明人： Richard D. Breault
IPC分类号： H01M2/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/086 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/04067 , H01M8/04283
摘要： A fuel cell (8a) having a matrix (11) for containing phosphoric acid (or other liquid) electrolyte with an anode catalyst (12) on one side and a cathode catalyst (13) on the other side includes an anode substrate (16a) in contact with the anode catalyst and a cathode substrate (17a) in contact with the cathode catalyst, the anode substrate being thicker than the cathode substrate by a ratio of between 1.75 to 1.0 and 3.0 to 1.0. Non-porous, hydrophobic separator plate assemblies (19) provide fuel flow channels (20) and oxidant flow channels (21) as well as demarcating the fuel cells.
摘要翻译：具有用于在一侧含有阳极催化剂（12）的磷酸（或其他液体）电解质的基体（11）和另一侧的阴极催化剂（13）的燃料电池（8a）包括阳极基板（16a）与阴极催化剂接触的阳极催化剂和与阴极催化剂接触的阴极基板（17a），阳极基板比阴极基板厚1.75〜1.0和3.0〜1.0。无孔疏水分离器板组件（19）提供燃料流动通道（20）和氧化剂流动通道（21）以及分界燃料电池。

57. 发明授权

US07108937B2 Reducing PEM fuel cell hard freeze cycles 有权
标题翻译：降低PEM燃料电池硬冻循环
公开(公告)号：US07108937B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-19
申请号：US10687010
申请日：2003-10-16
申请人： Richard D. Breault
发明人： Richard D. Breault
IPC分类号： H01M2/08
CPC分类号： H01M8/247 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/2485 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： The reactant gas manifolds (12–15) of a PEM fuel cell are modified to provide insulated manifolds (14a) having inner and outer walls (30, 31) closed off by a peripheral wall (35) to provide a chamber (36) which may be filled with a vacuum, a low thermal conductivity gas, a VIP (59) or a GFP (63). Single walled manifolds (14d, 14e) may have VIPs or GFPs inside or outside thereof. An insulation panel (40) similarly has inner and outer walls (42, 43) closed with a peripheral wall (45) so as to form a chamber (46) that may contain a vacuum, a low thermal conductivity gas, a VIP or a GFP. The tie rods 9a may be recessed 50 into the pressure plate 11a of the fuel cell stack to allow a flush surface for the insulation panel 40.
摘要翻译： PEM燃料电池的反应气体歧管（12-15）被修改以提供绝缘歧管（14a），其具有由周壁（35）封闭的内壁和外壁（30,31）以提供腔室（36）其可以填充真空，低热导率气体，VIP（59）或GFP（63）。单壁歧管（14d，14e）可以在其内部或外部具有VIP或GFP。绝缘板（40）类似地具有用周壁（45）封闭的内壁和外壁（42,43），以形成可包含真空的室（46），低导热气体，VIP或 GFP。拉杆9a可以凹入50到燃料电池堆的压力板11a中以允许用于绝缘板40的平齐表面。

58. 发明授权

US07067209B2 High temperature reactant recycling for PEM fuel cell humidification 有权
标题翻译：用于PEM燃料电池加湿的高温反应物回收
公开(公告)号：US07067209B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-27
申请号：US10285236
申请日：2002-10-31
申请人： Richard D. Breault
发明人： Richard D. Breault
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/2484 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/2415 , H01M8/2485
摘要： A fuel cell stack has an air inlet manifold (21), an air turnaround manifold (22) and an air exit manifold (23); a coolant inlet is adjacent said air exit manifold; a fuel inlet manifold (16) is connected through a turnaround manifold (17) to a fuel exit manifold (18) remote from said coolant inlet. Fuel recycle is taken from the fuel manifold where the temperature is warmer than it is near the coolant inlet; recycle air for humidifying and heating inlet air is taken from the air turnaround manifold (22), and may either be recycled air provided by a recycle pump (31), or it may utilize an enthalpy recovery device (38) to transfer heat and humidity from an outflow chamber (41) to an inflow chamber (39).
摘要翻译：燃料电池堆具有进气歧管（21），空气转向歧管（22）和空气出口歧管（23）; 冷却剂入口邻近所述空气出口歧管; 燃料入口歧管（16）通过转向歧管（17）连接到远离所述冷却剂入口的燃料出口歧管（18）。燃料循环从燃料歧管获取，其中温度比在冷却剂入口附近温度更高; 从空气回流歧管（22）取出用于加湿和加热入口空气的再循环空气，或者可以是由再循环泵（31）提供的再循环空气，或者可以利用焓回收装置（38）传递热和湿度从流出室（41）到流入室（39）。

59. 发明授权

US06986959B2 Low temperature fuel cell power plant operation 有权
标题翻译：低温燃料电池发电厂运行
公开(公告)号：US06986959B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-17
申请号：US10624190
申请日：2003-07-22
申请人： Thomas M. Clark , Paul R. Margiott , Albert P. Grasso , Richard D. Breault , Leslie L. Van Dine , Margaret M. Steinbugler , Edward J. Bludnicki
发明人： Thomas M. Clark , Paul R. Margiott , Albert P. Grasso , Richard D. Breault , Leslie L. Van Dine , Margaret M. Steinbugler , Edward J. Bludnicki
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/04225 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04141 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/0606 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A fuel cell power plant system includes the ability to operate an enthalpy recovery device even under cold conditions. A bypass arrangement allows for selectively bypassing one or more portions of the enthalpy recovery device under selected conditions. In one example, the enthalpy recovery device is completely bypassed under selected temperature conditions to allow the device to freeze and then later to be used under more favorable temperature conditions. In another example, the enthalpy recovery device is selectively bypassed during a system startup operation. One example includes a heater associated with the enthalpy recovery device. Another example includes preheating oxidant supplied to one portion of the enthalpy recovery device.
摘要翻译：燃料电池发电厂系统包括即使在寒冷条件下操作焓恢复装置的能力。旁路装置允许在选定的条件下选择性地旁路焓回收装置的一个或多个部分。在一个实例中，焓回收装置在选定的温度条件下完全旁路，以使装置冷冻，然后稍后在更有利的温度条件下使用。在另一示例中，在系统启动操作期间有选择地绕过焓恢复装置。一个示例包括与焓恢复装置相关联的加热器。另一个实例包括将提供给焓回收装置的一部分的氧化剂预热。

60. 发明授权

US06916571B2 PEM fuel cell passive water management 有权
标题翻译： PEM燃料电池被动水管理
公开(公告)号：US06916571B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US10465006
申请日：2003-06-19
申请人： Albert P. Grasso , Glenn W. Scheffler , Leslie L. Van Dine , Brian F. Dufner , Richard D. Breault
发明人： Albert P. Grasso , Glenn W. Scheffler , Leslie L. Van Dine , Brian F. Dufner , Richard D. Breault
IPC分类号： H01M20060101 , H01M2/00 , H01M2/02 , H01M2/08 , H01M2/12 , H01M2/14 , H01M2/36 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/04074 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04134 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2483
摘要： Water flow field inlet manifolds (33, 37) are disposed at the fuel cell stack (11) base. Water flow field outlet manifolds (34, 38) are located at the fuel cell stack top. Outlet and inlet manifolds are interconnected (41-43, 47, 49, 50) so gas bubbles leaking through the porous water transport plate cause flow by natural convection, with no mechanical water pump. Variation in water level within a standpipe (58) controls (56, 60, 62, 63) the temperature or flow of coolant. In another embodiment, the water is not circulated, but gas and excess water are vented from the water outlet manifolds. Water channels (70) may be vertical. A hydrophobic region (80) provides gas leakage to ensure bubble pumping of water. An external heat exchanger (77) maximizes water density differential for convective flow.
摘要翻译：水流场入口歧管（33,37）设置在燃料电池堆（11）的基部。水流场出口歧管（34,38）位于燃料电池堆顶部。出口和入口歧管相互连接（41-43,47,49,50），因此通过多孔水输送板泄漏的气泡通过自然对流而流动，没有机械水泵。立管（58）内的水位变化控制（56,60,62,63）冷却液的温度或流量。在另一个实施方案中，水不循环，但是从出水歧管排出气体和多余的水。水通道（70）可以是垂直的。疏水区域（80）提供气体泄漏以确保泡沫泵送水。外部热交换器（77）使对流流量的水密度差最大化。

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