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    • 41. 发明授权
    • Low latency memory access and synchronization
    • 低延迟内存访问和同步
    • US07818514B2
    • 2010-10-19
    • US12196796
    • 2008-08-22
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenPaul W. CoteusAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerDirk HoenickeMartin OhmachtBurkhard D. Steinmacher-BurowTodd E. TakkenPavlos M. Vranas
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenPaul W. CoteusAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerDirk HoenickeMartin OhmachtBurkhard D. Steinmacher-BurowTodd E. TakkenPavlos M. Vranas
    • G06F12/06
    • G06F12/0862G06F9/52G06F2212/6028
    • A low latency memory system access is provided in association with a weakly-ordered multiprocessor system. Bach processor in the multiprocessor shares resources, and each shared resource has an associated lock within a locking device that provides support for synchronization between the multiple processors in the multiprocessor and the orderly sharing of the resources. A processor only has permission to access a resource when it owns the lock associated with that resource, and an attempt by a processor to own a lock requires only a single load operation, rather than a traditional atomic load followed by store, such that the processor only performs a read operation and the hardware locking device performs a subsequent write operation rather than the processor. A simple prefetching for non-contiguous data structures is also disclosed. A memory line is redefined so that in addition to the normal physical memory data, every line includes a pointer that is large enough to point to any other line in the memory, wherein the pointers to determine which memory line to prefetch rather than some other predictive algorithm. This enables hardware to effectively prefetch memory access patterns that are non-contiguous, but repetitive.
    • 与弱有序的多处理器系统相关联地提供低延迟存储器系统访问。 多处理器中的Bach处理器共享资源,并且每个共享资源在锁定设备内具有关联的锁,其提供对多处理器中的多个处理器之间的同步的支持以及资源的有序共享。 当处理器拥有与该资源相关联的锁定时,处理器仅具有访问资源的权限,并且处理器拥有锁的尝试仅需要单个加载操作,而不是传统的原子负载后跟存储,使得处理器 只执行读取操作,并且硬件锁定装置执行后续的写入操作而不是处理器。 还公开了用于非连续数据结构的简单预取。 重新定义存储器线,使得除了正常的物理存储器数据之外,每行包括足够大的指针以指向存储器中的任何其他行,其中指针用于确定要预取的存储器行而不是一些其它预测 算法。 这使得硬件能够有效地预取不连续但重复的存储器访问模式。
    • 42. 发明申请
    • NOVEL MASSIVELY PARALLEL SUPERCOMPUTER
    • 新的大型并行超级计算机
    • US20090259713A1
    • 2009-10-15
    • US12492799
    • 2009-06-26
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenGeorge L. ChiuThomas M. CipollaPaul W. CoteusAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerGerard V. KopcsayLawrence S. MokTodd E. Takken
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenGeorge L. ChiuThomas M. CipollaPaul W. CoteusAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerGerard V. KopcsayLawrence S. MokTodd E. Takken
    • G06F15/76G06F15/16G06F11/28G06F12/08G06F9/02G06F15/177
    • H05K7/20836F24F11/77G06F9/52G06F9/526G06F15/17381G06F17/142G09G5/008H04L7/0338
    • A novel massively parallel supercomputer of hundreds of teraOPS-scale includes node architectures based upon System-On-a-Chip technology, i.e., each processing node comprises a single Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Within each ASIC node is a plurality of processing elements each of which consists of a central processing unit (CPU) and plurality of floating point processors to enable optimal balance of computational performance, packaging density, low cost, and power and cooling requirements. The plurality of processors within a single node may be used individually or simultaneously to work on any combination of computation or communication as required by the particular algorithm being solved or executed at any point in time. The system-on-a-chip ASIC nodes are interconnected by multiple independent networks that optimally maximizes packet communications throughput and minimizes latency. In the preferred embodiment, the multiple networks include three high-speed networks for parallel algorithm message passing including a Torus, Global Tree, and a Global Asynchronous network that provides global barrier and notification functions. These multiple independent networks may be collaboratively or independently utilized according to the needs or phases of an algorithm for optimizing algorithm processing performance. For particular classes of parallel algorithms, or parts of parallel calculations, this architecture exhibits exceptional computational performance, and may be enabled to perform calculations for new classes of parallel algorithms. Additional networks are provided for external connectivity and used for Input/Output, System Management and Configuration, and Debug and Monitoring functions. Special node packaging techniques implementing midplane and other hardware devices facilitates partitioning of the supercomputer in multiple networks for optimizing supercomputing resources.
    • 数百个teraOPS级别的新型大规模并行超级计算机包括基于片上系统技术的节点架构,即每个处理节点包括单个专用集成电路(ASIC)。 在每个ASIC节点内是多个处理元件,每个处理元件由中央处理单元(CPU)和多个浮点处理器组成,以实现计算性能,封装密度,低成本以及功率和冷却​​要求的最佳平衡。 单个节点内的多个处理器可以单独使用或同时使用,以在任何时间点解决或执行的特定算法所要求的任何计算或通信组合上工作。 片上系统ASIC节点通过多个独立网络互连,从而最大限度地最大限度地提高了分组通信吞吐量并最大限度地减少了延迟。 在优选实施例中,多个网络包括用于并行算法消息传递的三个高速网络,包括提供全局障碍和通知功能的环形,全局树和全球异步网络。 这些多个独立网络可以根据用于优化算法处理性能的算法的需求或阶段来协同或独立地利用。 对于特定类别的并行算法或并行计算的部分,该架构具有出色的计算性能,并且可以启用对新类并行算法执行计算。 为外部连接提供附加网络,用于输入/输出,系统管理和配置以及调试和监控功能。 实现中平面和其他硬件设备的特殊节点打包技术有助于在多个网络中划分超级计算机,以优化超级计算资源。
    • 46. 发明申请
    • SNOOP FILTERING SYSTEM IN A MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEM
    • SNOOP过滤系统在多处理器系统中的应用
    • US20080222364A1
    • 2008-09-11
    • US12126674
    • 2008-05-23
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerDirk I. HoenickeMartin OhmachtValentina SalapuraPavlos M. Vranas
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerDirk I. HoenickeMartin OhmachtValentina SalapuraPavlos M. Vranas
    • G06F12/08
    • G06F12/0831G06F12/0813Y02D10/13
    • A system and method for supporting cache coherency in a computing environment having multiple processing units, each unit having an associated cache memory system operatively coupled therewith. The system includes a plurality of interconnected snoop filter units, each snoop filter unit corresponding to and in communication with a respective processing unit, with each snoop filter unit comprising a plurality of devices for receiving asynchronous snoop requests from respective memory writing sources in the computing environment; and a point-to-point interconnect comprising communication links for directly connecting memory writing sources to corresponding receiving devices; and, a plurality of parallel operating filter devices coupled in one-to-one correspondence with each receiving device for processing snoop requests received thereat and one of forwarding requests or preventing forwarding of requests to its associated processing unit. Each of the plurality of parallel operating filter devices comprises parallel operating sub-filter elements, each simultaneously receiving an identical snoop request and implementing one or more different snoop filter algorithms for determining those snoop requests for data that are determined not cached locally at the associated processing unit and preventing forwarding of those requests to the processor unit. In this manner, a number of snoop requests forwarded to a processing unit is reduced thereby increasing performance of the computing environment.
    • 一种用于在具有多个处理单元的计算环境中支持高速缓存一致性的系统和方法,每个单元具有与其可操作耦合的相关联的高速缓存存储器系统 该系统包括多个互连的窥探过滤器单元,每个窥探过滤器单元对应于相应处理单元并与其通信,每个窥探过滤器单元包括用于在计算环境中从相应存储器写入源接收异步窥探请求的多个设备 ; 以及包括用于将存储器写入源直接连接到对应的接收设备的通信链路的点对点互连; 以及与每个接收设备一一对应地耦合的多个并行操作过滤器设备,用于处理在其上接收的窥探请求,并且转发请求之一或者阻止将请求转发到其相关联的处理单元。 多个并行操作过滤器装置中的每一个包括并行操作子滤波器元件,每个并行操作子滤波器元件同时接收相同的窥探请求,并且实现一个或多个不同的窥探滤波器算法,用于确定对于在相关处理中本地未被缓存的数据被确定的窥探请求 并且防止将这些请求转发到处理器单元。 以这种方式,减少了转发到处理单元的多个窥探请求,从而增加了计算环境的性能。
    • 48. 发明授权
    • Snoop filtering system in a multiprocessor system
    • 多处理器系统中的Snoop过滤系统
    • US08103836B2
    • 2012-01-24
    • US12126674
    • 2008-05-23
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerDirk I. HoenickeMartin OhmachtValentina SalapuraPavlos M. Vranas
    • Matthias A. BlumrichDong ChenAlan G. GaraMark E. GiampapaPhilip HeidelbergerDirk I. HoenickeMartin OhmachtValentina SalapuraPavlos M. Vranas
    • G06F13/28G06F12/00
    • G06F12/0831G06F12/0813Y02D10/13
    • A system and method for supporting cache coherency in a computing environment having multiple processing units, each unit having an associated cache memory system operatively coupled therewith. The system includes a plurality of interconnected snoop filter units, each snoop filter unit corresponding to and in communication with a respective processing unit, with each snoop filter unit comprising a plurality of devices for receiving asynchronous snoop requests from respective memory writing sources in the computing environment; and a point-to-point interconnect comprising communication links for directly connecting memory writing sources to corresponding receiving devices; and, a plurality of parallel operating filter devices coupled in one-to-one correspondence with each receiving device for processing snoop requests received thereat and one of forwarding requests or preventing forwarding of requests to its associated processing unit. Each of the plurality of parallel operating filter devices comprises parallel operating sub-filter elements, each simultaneously receiving an identical snoop request and implementing one or more different snoop filter algorithms for determining those snoop requests for data that are determined not cached locally at the associated processing unit and preventing forwarding of those requests to the processor unit. In this manner, a number of snoop requests forwarded to a processing unit is reduced thereby increasing performance of the computing environment.
    • 一种用于在具有多个处理单元的计算环境中支持高速缓存一致性的系统和方法,每个单元具有与其可操作耦合的相关联的高速缓存存储器系统 该系统包括多个互连的窥探过滤器单元,每个窥探过滤器单元对应于相应处理单元并与其通信,每个窥探过滤器单元包括用于在计算环境中从相应存储器写入源接收异步窥探请求的多个设备 ; 以及包括用于将存储器写入源直接连接到对应的接收设备的通信链路的点对点互连; 以及与每个接收设备一一对应地耦合的多个并行操作过滤器设备,用于处理在其上接收的窥探请求,并且转发请求之一或者阻止将请求转发到其相关联的处理单元。 多个并行操作过滤器装置中的每一个包括并行操作子滤波器元件,每个并行操作子滤波器元件同时接收相同的窥探请求,并且实现一个或多个不同的窥探滤波器算法,用于确定对于在相关处理中本地未被缓存的数据被确定的窥探请求 并且防止将这些请求转发到处理器单元。 以这种方式,减少了转发到处理单元的多个窥探请求,从而增加了计算环境的性能。