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31. 发明授权

US4495656A Fiber optic word generator 失效
标题翻译：光纤字发生器
公开(公告)号：US4495656A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US417506
申请日：1982-09-13
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Steven A. Newton , John E. Bowers , Kenneth P. Jackson
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Steven A. Newton , John E. Bowers , Kenneth P. Jackson
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , G06F5/00 , H04B10/00 , H04B9/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/00 , G02B6/2861
摘要： A digital word generator uses a tap fiber optic delay line to generate a sequence of pulses. The pulses are weighted and combined to produce a digital word.
摘要翻译：数字字发生器使用抽头光纤延迟线来产生脉冲序列。脉冲被加权并组合以产生数字字。

32. 发明授权

US4493528A Fiber optic directional coupler 失效
公开(公告)号：US4493528A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US139511
申请日：1980-04-11
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G02B6/35 , G02B7/26
CPC分类号： G02B6/3536 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/3594 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Apparatus and method of manufacture for coupling optical power between two strands of fiber optic material in a given direction of propagation. The coupler employs generally parallel, intersecting strands of fiber optic material having the cladding removed on one side thereof to within a few microns of the fiber cores in the region of intersection to permit light transfer between the strands.

33. 发明授权

US5537671A Technique of reducing the Kerr effect and extending the dynamic range in a brillouin fiber optic gyroscope 失效
标题翻译：降低克尔效应并扩展布里渊光纤陀螺仪动态范围的技术
公开(公告)号：US5537671A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-16
申请号：US383776
申请日：1995-02-10
申请人： Keiichiro Toyama , Pierre-Alain Nicati , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Keiichiro Toyama , Pierre-Alain Nicati , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01C19/72 , G02B6/26 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： G01C19/72 , G02F2001/211 , G02F2001/212 , G02F2201/58 , G02F2203/15 , G02F2203/21
摘要： A Brillouin fiber optic gyroscope includes an intensity modulator in the optical loop which periodically attenuates the Brillouin light waves counterpropagating in the optical loop so that the counterpropagating Brillouin waves each propagate as square waves. The use of square wave modulation for the counterpropagating light wave reduces the cross-effect of the Brillouin waves to substantially the same magnitude as the self-effect so that the non-reciprocal Kerr effect is substantially reduced or eliminated. In order to support the counterpropagating square waves, the optical loop is pumped with pump light having frequency components selected to pump the optical fiber to provide Brillouin light at frequencies necessary to generate square waves in the counterpropagating Brillouin light waves. In addition, the Brillouin light must be generated at the correct intensity and phase relationship to form the square wave. Because the relationship between the pump light and the generated Brillouin light is a non-linear function, the relative magnitudes of the frequency components of the pump light are selected to be different from the relative magnitudes of the Brillouin light so that when the pump light is applied to the optical loop, the transfer function results in the correct magnitudes for the frequency components of the Brillouin light. The intensity modulator assures that the Brillouin light is maintained in the proper phase relationship to maintain a square waveform.
摘要翻译：布里渊光纤陀螺仪包括光环路中的强度调制器，其周期性地衰减在光环路中相反传播的布里渊光波，使得反向传播的布里渊波每个以方波传播。对于相反传播的光波使用方波调制将布里渊波的交叉效应降低到与自身效应基本相同的大小，从而大大减少或消除了非倒数克尔效应。为了支持相反的方波，光环路泵浦具有频率分量选择泵浦光纤的泵浦光，以提供在反向传播布里渊光波中产生方波所需频率所需的布里渊光。此外，必须以正确的强度和相位关系产生布里渊光，形成方波。由于泵浦光和所产生的布里渊光之间的关系是非线性函数，因此泵浦光的频率分量的相对大小被选择为与布里渊光的相对幅度不同，因此当泵浦光应用于光环路，传递函数对布里渊光的频率分量产生正确的幅度。强度调制器确保布里渊光保持在适当的相位关系，以保持方波。

34. 发明授权

US5077087A Method of cladding single crystal optical fiber 失效
标题翻译：单晶光纤包层方法
公开(公告)号：US5077087A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-31
申请号：US491442
申请日：1990-02-28
申请人： Robert L. Byer , Amado Cordova , Michael Digonnet , Martin Fejer , Celestino Gaeta , Herbert J. Shaw , Shoichi Sudo
发明人： Robert L. Byer , Amado Cordova , Michael Digonnet , Martin Fejer , Celestino Gaeta , Herbert J. Shaw , Shoichi Sudo
IPC分类号： C03B37/023 , G02B6/02 , G02F1/035 , G02F1/377 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/092
CPC分类号： H01S3/092 , C03B37/023 , G02B6/02 , G02F1/0353 , G02F1/3775 , H01S3/06708
摘要： Methods and apparatus are shown for cladding grown single crystal optical fibers. Neodymium YAG fibers are clad with a high index glass, either melted around the fiber in a trough or extruded over the fiber surface. Lithium niobate fibers are clad through an impregnation process. The lithium niobate fiber is first coated with magnesium oxide and then heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient for the magnesium oxide dopant material to diffuse into the fiber. The dopant lowers the intrinsic refractive indices of the fiber material around its circumference, creating a cladding region around the fiber core. Single crystal fibers clad by these methods and combined with suitable pumping means or with deposited electrodes provide low-loss single mode optical components useful for amplification, electro-optical effects and acousto-optical effects.
摘要翻译：示出了用于包覆生长的单晶光纤的方法和装置。钕YAG纤维用高折射率玻璃包覆，在槽中围绕纤维熔化或在纤维表面上挤出。铌酸锂纤维通过浸渍工艺包覆。铌酸锂纤维首先用氧化镁涂覆，然后加热到足以使氧化镁掺杂剂材料扩散到纤维中的温度和时间。掺杂剂降低纤维材料围绕其圆周的固有折射率，从而在纤维芯周围产生包层区域。通过这些方法包覆的单晶纤维与合适的泵送装置或沉积电极组合提供了用于放大，电光效应和声光效应的低损耗单模光学部件。

35. 发明授权

US4895421A Dynamic couplers using two-mode optical waveguides 失效
标题翻译：使用双模光波导的动态耦合器
公开(公告)号：US4895421A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-23
申请号：US189050
申请日：1988-05-02
申请人： Byoung Y. Kim , Hee G. Park , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Byoung Y. Kim , Hee G. Park , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G02B6/14 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/35 , H04B10/2569
CPC分类号： H04B10/2569 , G02B6/02047 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/4215 , G02F1/3515 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29311 , G02B6/29344 , Y10S359/90
摘要： An optical mode coupling apparatus includes an optical waveguide in which an optical signal at a signal wavelength propagates in a first spatial propagation mode and a second spatial propagation mode of the waveguide. The optical signal propagating in the waveguide has a beat length. The coupling apparatus includes a source of perturbational light signal at a perturbational wavelength that propagates in the waveguide in the first spatial propagation mode. The perturbational signal has a sufficient intensity distribution in the waveguide that it causes a perturbation of the effective refractive index of the first spatial propagation mode of the waveguide in accordance with the optical Kerr effect. The perturbation of the effective refractive index of the first spatial propagation mode of the optical waveguide causes a change in the differential phase delay in the optical signal propagating in the first and second spatial propagation modes. The change in the differential phase delay is detected as a change in the intensity distribution between two lobes of the optical intensity distribution pattern of an output signal. The perturbational light signal can be selectively enabled and disabled to selectively change the intensity distribution in the two lobes of the optical intensity distribution pattern.
摘要翻译：光模耦合装置包括光波导，其中信号波长的光信号以波导的第一空间传播模式和第二空间传播模式传播。在波导中传播的光信号具有拍子长度。耦合装置包括在第一空间传播模式下在波导中传播的扰动波长的扰动光信号源。扰动信号在波导中具有足够的强度分布，其根据光学克尔效应引起波导的第一空间传播模式的有效折射率的扰动。光波导的第一空间传播模式的有效折射率的扰动导致在第一和第二空间传播模式中传播的光信号中的差分相位延迟的变化。差分相位延迟的变化被检测为输出信号的光强度分布图案的两个波瓣之间的强度分布的变化。扰动光信号可以选择性地启用和禁用，以选择性地改变光强度分布图案的两个波瓣中的强度分布。

36. 发明授权

US4770535A Distributed sensor array and method using a pulsed signal source 失效
标题翻译：分布式传感器阵列和使用脉冲信号源的方法
公开(公告)号：US4770535A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US877296
申请日：1986-06-23
申请人： Byoung Y. Kim , Moshe Tur , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Byoung Y. Kim , Moshe Tur , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01J1/02 , G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G01J9/02 , G01R15/24 , G08C23/04 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A distributed sensor system using pulsed optical signals optionally produced by a short coherence length source to provide a phase difference output signal representative of conditions affecting a selected sensor. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light pulses transmitted through the sensors are multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber compensating interferometer which coherently couples portions of adjacent multiplexed light signals to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. In other preferred embodiments, the system is configured to define a plurality of adjacent Mach-Zehnder interferometers which provide output signal pairs which coherently couple to yield a phase difference signal directly representing the environmental effects on a particular sensor. Functional equivalents of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer configurations comprise configurations including adjacent Michelson interferometers. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译：使用脉冲光信号的分布式传感器系统，其可选地由短相干长度源产生，以提供表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差输出信号。在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。通过传感器传输的光脉冲被复用到梯子的返回臂上。复用的信号由光纤补偿干涉仪接收，该干涉仪相干地耦合相邻复用光信号的部分，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。在其它优选实施例中，该系统被配置为限定多个相邻的马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其提供相干耦合以产生直接表示对特定传感器的环境影响的相位差信号的输出信号对。 Mach-Zehnder干涉仪配置的功能等同物包括相邻的迈克尔逊干涉仪。公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。

37. 发明授权

US4721352A Polarizing apparatus and method utilizing an optical fiber 失效
标题翻译：使用光纤的偏振装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4721352A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-26
申请号：US833953
申请日：1986-02-27
申请人： Wayne V Sorin , Karen Liu , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Wayne V Sorin , Karen Liu , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G02B6/10 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/1333 , G02B5/30
CPC分类号： G02F1/1326 , G02B6/105 , G02B6/2821 , Y10S359/90
摘要： An apparatus selectively transmits light in one of two orthogonal polarizations in an optical fiber. The apparatus has a facing surface formed at one location on the fiber to expose the evanescent field of an optical signal in the fiber. A nematic liquid crystal is placed in contact with the facing surface so that it is in communication with the evanescent field of the optical signal. The nematic crystals have a first orientation state which presents a first refractive index to light traveling in one polarization and a second refractive index to light traveling in the other polarization. The light traveling in one polarization is well guided while the light traveling in the other polarization is radiated at the facing surface. Thus, only light of one polarization continues to propagate through the fiber. The nematic crystals have a second orientation state in which the relative refractive indices for the two polarizations of light are changed so that the polarization which was originally well guided is radiated at the facing surface and the polarization which was originally radiated is well guided. The change in the orientation states of the nematic crystals is accomplished by applying an electric field between two electrodes so that the nematic crystals align themselves with the electric field.
摘要翻译：一种装置选择性地透射光纤中的两个正交偏振中的一个中的光。该装置具有在光纤上的一个位置处形成的面对表面，以暴露光纤中光信号的消逝场。向列液晶被放置成与相对表面接触，使得其与光信号的渐逝场相通。向列型晶体具有第一取向状态，其对于以一种偏振行进的光和对另一种偏振光行进的光呈现第二折射率的第一折射率。在一个极化中行进的光被良好地引导，而在另一个极化中行进的光在相对表面处被辐射。因此，只有一个极化的光继续传播通过光纤。向列型晶体具有第二取向状态，其中光的两个偏振的相对折射率改变，使得最初被良好导向的偏振辐射在相对表面，并且最初辐射的偏振被良好地引导。向列结晶的取向状态的变化通过在两个电极之间施加电场来实现，使得向列晶体与电场对准。

38. 发明授权

US4697926A Coherent distributed sensor and method using short coherence length sources 失效
标题翻译：相干分布传感器和使用短相干长度源的方法
公开(公告)号：US4697926A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-06
申请号：US699855
申请日：1985-02-08
申请人： Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Cassius C. Cutler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Cassius C. Cutler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01D21/00 , G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G02B6/00 , H04B10/00 , H04B10/20 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A distributed sensor system including an optical source having a short coherence length for optionally continuously monitoring each sensor in the system. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light transmitted through the sensors is multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder, with sensor spacing being such that interference between light from different sensors is prevented. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber receiver which couples the multiplexed light with an interfering optical reference signal to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. Embodiments are disclosed for use of either pulsed or continuous wave light sources. In another preferred embodiment, the sensors comprise a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers connected in series configuration by a common optical fiber, which provides multiplexed output signals from the sensors to a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers comprising receivers. The optical path length differences between the arms of each of the sensors are selected to prevent interference between the multiplexed sensor output signals from various sensors. The optical path lengths through the sensors and receivers are structured so that each receiver produces a phase difference signal relating to conditions affecting light transmission through a specific sensor. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译：一种分布式传感器系统，包括具有短相干长度的光源，用于可选地连续监测系统中的每个传感器。在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。通过传感器传输的光被多路复用到梯子的返回臂上，传感器间隔使得防止来自不同传感器的光之间的干扰。复用的信号由光纤接收器接收，光纤接收器将复用的光与干涉光参考信号耦合，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。公开了使用脉冲或连续波光源的实施例。在另一个优选实施例中，传感器包括通过公共光纤串联配置的多个马赫 - 曾德干涉仪，其将来自传感器的多路复用输出信号提供给包括接收器的多个马赫 - 曾德干涉仪。选择每个传感器的臂之间的光程长度差以防止来自各种传感器的多路传感器输出信号之间的干扰。通过传感器和接收器的光路长度被构造成使得每个接收器产生与影响通过特定传感器的光透射的条件相关的相位差信号。公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。

39. 发明授权

US4671658A Fiber optic rotation sensor utilizing a magnetic shield and an optical isolator 失效
标题翻译：光纤旋转传感器采用磁屏蔽和光隔离器
公开(公告)号：US4671658A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-09
申请号：US319311
申请日：1981-11-09
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh , Herve C. Lefevre
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh , Herve C. Lefevre
IPC分类号： G01C19/72 , G01P3/36 , G01C19/64
CPC分类号： G01C19/72
摘要： A fiber optic rotation sensor, employing the Sagnac effect, comprises all fiber optic components, positioned along a continuous, uninterrupted strand of fiber optic material. The rotation sensor includes a detection system utilizing a modulator for phase modulating light waves which counterpropagate through a loop formed in the fiber optic strand. The modulator is operated at a specific frequency to eliminate amplitude modulation in the detected optical output signal. The rotation sensor is mounted in a .mu.-metal housing to shield it from the effects of ambient magnetic fields. An isolator is utilized to prevent the optical output signal from returning to the laser source. This advantageously reduces power losses in the system by eliminating the need for a coupler to couple the output signal to a detector.
摘要翻译：使用Sagnac效应的光纤旋转传感器包括沿着连续的，不间断的光纤材料束定位的所有光纤部件。旋转传感器包括利用调制器的检测系统，该调制器用于相位调制通过在光纤链中形成的环路而反向传播的光波。调制器以特定频率工作，以消除所检测的光输出信号中的幅度调制。旋转传感器安装在金属外壳中，以防止环境磁场的影响。使用隔离器来防止光输出信号返回激光源。这有利地通过消除对耦合器将输出信号耦合到检测器的需要来减少系统中的功率损耗。

40. 发明授权

US4634852A Sensor using fiber optic interferometer 失效
标题翻译：传感器采用光纤干涉仪
公开(公告)号：US4634852A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-06
申请号：US564998
申请日：1983-12-13
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G01J9/02 , H01J5/16
CPC分类号： G01D5/35303 , G01H9/004 , G01J9/02 , G01J2009/0226
摘要： A closed loop optical fiber interferometer is used in sensing a quantity, Q, by applying a time varying or modulated measure of, Q, asymmetrically to the closed loop (24) and detecting phase shift between two counterpropagating optical signals in the closed loop. The closed loop (24) can be used as the sensing element or a separate sensor (68, 70) can develop a time varying signal which is then applied to the closed loop interferometer.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US83 / 00534 Sec。 371日期：1983年12月13日 102（e）日期1983年12月13日PCT提交1983年4月13日PCT公布。出版物WO83 / 03685 日期：1983年10月27日。闭环光纤干涉仪用于通过对闭环（24）不对称地施加时变或调制测量Q来感测数量Q，并检测两个反向传播光学闭环信号。闭环（24）可以用作感测元件，或者单独的传感器（68,70）可以产生随后施加到闭环干涉仪的时变信号。

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