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31. 发明授权

US08650564B2 Method and system for synchronizing fault-tolerant virtual machines and adjusting CPU resource limit based on execution latency 有权
标题翻译：同步容错虚拟机的方法和系统，并根据执行延迟调整CPU资源限制
公开(公告)号：US08650564B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-11
申请号：US12907687
申请日：2010-10-19
申请人： Lan Huang , Daniel J. Scales
发明人： Lan Huang , Daniel J. Scales
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533 , G06F9/5077 , G06F11/1484
摘要： Primary and secondary virtual machines each executing on a separate physical host and forming a fault-tolerant pair synchronize their execution with each other as closely as possible such that the secondary can take over execution of the primary with little or no disruption of service and no loss of data. To provide fast takeover, the execution latency between the two virtual machines is kept to a minimum by incrementally adjusting the CPU allocation to the primary virtual machine. The CPU allocation to the primary virtual machine decreases when the execution latency is large and increases when the execution latency is small. In order to maximize the performance of the primary virtual machine, the system seeks to maximize the CPU resource limit for the primary virtual machine for as long as possible while minimizing the execution latency.
摘要翻译：每个在单独的物理主机上执行并形成容错对的主虚拟机和辅助虚拟机使它们的执行尽可能接近地彼此同步，使得辅助节点可以很少或不会中断服务并且没有损失来接管主节点的执行数据的。为了提供快速接管，通过逐步调整主虚拟机的CPU分配，将两个虚拟机之间的执行延迟保持在最小。执行等待时间大时，主虚拟机的CPU分配会减少，执行延迟小时会增加。为了最大限度地提高主虚拟机的性能，系统将尽可能长时间地最大化主虚拟机的CPU资源限制，同时最大限度地减少执行延迟。

32. 发明授权

US08533382B2 Method and system for frequent checkpointing 有权
标题翻译：频繁检查点的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08533382B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-10
申请号：US12683273
申请日：2010-01-06
申请人： Daniel J. Scales , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Ganesh Venkitachalam , Michael Nelson
发明人： Daniel J. Scales , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Ganesh Venkitachalam , Michael Nelson
IPC分类号： G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 , G06F11/1438 , G06F11/1484 , G06F11/2097 , G06F2201/84
摘要： A virtualization platform provides fault tolerance for a primary virtual machine by continuously transmitting checkpoint information of the primary virtual machine to a collector process, such as a backup virtual machine. When implemented on a hardware platform comprising a multi-processor that supports nested page tables, the virtualization platform leverages the nested page table support to quickly identify memory pages that have been modified between checkpoints. The backup virtual machine provides feedback information to assist the virtualization platform in identifying candidate memory pages for transmitting actual modifications to the memory pages rather than the entire memory page as part of the checkpoint information. The virtualization platform further maintains a modification history data structure to identify memory pages that can be transmitted simultaneous with the execution of the primary virtual machine rather than while the primary virtual machine has been stunned.
摘要翻译：虚拟化平台通过将主虚拟机的检查点信息连续传送到诸如备份虚拟机的收集器进程来为主虚拟机提供容错。当在包含支持嵌套页表的多处理器的硬件平台上实现时，虚拟化平台利用嵌套页表支持来快速识别在检查点之间已经被修改的内存页。备份虚拟机提供反馈信息，以帮助虚拟化平台识别用于发送对存储器页的实际修改的候选存储器页，而不是作为检查点信息的一部分的整个存储器页。虚拟化平台还维护修改历史数据结构，以识别可以与主虚拟机的执行同时发送的存储器页面，而不是在主虚拟机被击晕时。

33. 发明授权

US07934020B1 Managing network data transfers in a virtual computer system 有权
标题翻译：管理虚拟计算机系统中的网络数据传输
公开(公告)号：US07934020B1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-26
申请号：US10665808
申请日：2003-09-19
申请人： Hao Xu , Daniel J. Scales
发明人： Hao Xu , Daniel J. Scales
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L63/1408 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/485 , G06F21/554 , G06F2009/45587 , G06F2009/45595 , H04L63/1458
摘要： A virtual computer system, including one or more virtual machines (VMs), is connected to a computer network by multiple network interface cards (NICs). The VMs are supported by a kernel, which includes a resource manager for allocating system resources among the VMs, including network data bandwidth. A NIC manager is loaded into the kernel as a driver or is integrated into the kernel, for selecting NICs over which outgoing network data is transferred, including providing functions such as failovers and failbacks, as well as load distribution. Implementing the NIC manager in the kernel provides NIC teaming functions to each of the VMs without having to implement a NIC teaming solution in each of the VMs, adding to the simplicity, flexibility and portability of the VMs. In addition, integrating the NIC manager into the kernel improves the kernel's ability to manage the VMs and to implement network resource allocations for the VMs.
摘要翻译：包括一个或多个虚拟机（VM）的虚拟计算机系统通过多个网络接口卡（NIC）连接到计算机网络。 VM由内核支持，内核包括用于在VM之间分配系统资源的资源管理器，包括网络数据带宽。 NIC管理器作为驱动程序加载到内核中，或者集成到内核中，用于选择传输网络数据的NIC，包括提供故障转移和故障回复等功能以及负载分配。在内核中实现NIC管理器可以为每个虚拟机提供NIC分组功能，而无需在每个虚拟机中实现NIC分组解决方案，增加了虚拟机的简单性，灵活性和可移植性。此外，将NIC管理器集成到内核中可以提高内核管理虚拟机的能力，并为虚拟机实现网络资源分配。

34. 发明授权

US07840839B2 Storage handling for fault tolerance in virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：虚拟机容错的存储处理
公开(公告)号：US07840839B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-23
申请号：US12207292
申请日：2008-09-09
申请人： Daniel J. Scales , Michael Nelson , Andrew Tucker , Eric Lowe
发明人： Daniel J. Scales , Michael Nelson , Andrew Tucker , Eric Lowe
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F9/45558 , G06F11/1683 , G06F11/1695 , G06F11/2033 , G06F11/2038 , G06F11/2046 , G06F2009/45579 , G06F2201/815
摘要： A fault-tolerant virtualized computer system comprises a primary host executing a primary virtual machine (VM) and a backup host executing a backup VM. In one embodiment, each VM includes a virtual disk mapped to a shared disk image on physical disk accessible to both hosts. A virtual disk IO request is received by virtualization software executing on the backup host from a backup VM. When the virtual disk IO request is a read request, the virtual disk IO request is mapped to a physical read IO request of a virtual disk image stored on a physical disk, the physical read IO request is issued to the physical disk. However, when the virtual disk IO request is a write request, it is assumed to be completed without mapping the virtual disk IO request or issuing a mapped physical IO request to the physical disk.
摘要翻译：容错虚拟化计算机系统包括执行主虚拟机（VM）的主主机和执行备份VM的备份主机。在一个实施例中，每个VM包括映射到两个主机可访问的物理磁盘上的共享磁盘映像的虚拟磁盘。由备份虚拟机在备份主机上执行的虚拟化软件接收虚拟磁盘IO请求。当虚拟磁盘IO请求是读取请求时，虚拟磁盘IO请求被映射到存储在物理磁盘上的虚拟磁盘映像的物理读取IO请求，物理磁盘读取IO请求。然而，当虚拟磁盘IO请求是写入请求时，假定在不映射虚拟磁盘IO请求或向物理磁盘发出映射的物理IO请求的情况下完成该请求。

35. 发明授权

US06751710B2 Scalable multiprocessor system and cache coherence method 失效
标题翻译：可扩展的多处理器系统和缓存一致性方法
公开(公告)号：US06751710B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-15
申请号：US09878982
申请日：2001-06-11
申请人： Kourosh Gharachorloo , Luiz A. Barroso , Mosur K. Ravishankar , Robert J. Stets, Jr. , Daniel J. Scales
发明人： Kourosh Gharachorloo , Luiz A. Barroso , Mosur K. Ravishankar , Robert J. Stets, Jr. , Daniel J. Scales
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F12/0826 , G06F12/0828 , G06F2212/621
摘要： The present invention relates generally to multiprocessor computer system, and particularly to a multiprocessor system designed to be highly scalable, using efficient cache coherence logic and methodologies. More specifically, the present invention is a system and method including a plurality of processor nodes configured to execute a cache coherence protocol that avoids the use of negative acknowledgment messages (NAKs) and ordering requirements on the underlying transaction-message interconnect/network and services most 3-hop transactions with only a single visit to the home node.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及多处理器计算机系统，特别涉及使用有效的高速缓存一致性逻辑和方法来设计为高度可扩展的多处理器系统。更具体地说，本发明是一种包括多个处理器节点的系统和方法，所述多个处理器节点被配置为执行避免使用否定确认消息（NAK）的高速缓存一致性协议以及对底层事务 - 消息互联/网络和服务的排序要求只有一次访问家庭节点的3跳交易。

36. 发明授权

US5933598A Method for sharing variable-grained memory of workstations by sending particular block including line and size of the block to exchange shared data structures 失效
标题翻译：通过发送包括块的行和大小的特定块来交换共享数据结构来共享工作站的可变粒度存储器的方法
公开(公告)号：US5933598A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US682348
申请日：1996-07-17
申请人： Daniel J. Scales , Kourosh Gharachorloo
发明人： Daniel J. Scales , Kourosh Gharachorloo
IPC分类号： G06F9/50 , G06F13/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/5016
摘要： In a distributed shared memory system, workstations are connected to each other by a network. Each workstation includes a processor, a memory having addresses, and an input/output interface to interconnect the workstations. A software implemented method enables data sharing between the workstations using variable sized quantities of data. A set of the addresses of the memories are designated as virtual shared addresses to store shared data. A portion of the virtual shared addresses are allocated to store a shared data structure as one or more blocks. The shared data structure is accessible by programs executing in any of the processors. The size of a particular allocated block can vary for different shared data structures. Each block includes an integer number of lines, and each line includes a predetermined number of bytes of shared data. Access information of a particular block is stored in the memory of a home one of the workstations. The access information includes the size of the particular block and an identity of workstations having a copy of the block.
摘要翻译：在分布式共享存储器系统中，工作站通过网络彼此连接。每个工作站包括处理器，具有地址的存储器以及用于互连工作站的输入/输出接口。软件实现的方法使得可以使用可变大小数据的数据在工作站之间进行数据共享。一组存储器的地址被指定为虚拟共享地址以存储共享数据。虚拟共享地址的一部分被分配以将共享数据结构存储为一个或多个块。共享数据结构可由在任何处理器中执行的程序访问。特定分配的块的大小可以针对不同的共享数据结构而变化。每个块包括整数行，并且每行包括预定数量的共享数据字节。特定块的访问信息被存储在家庭工作站的存储器中。访问信息包括特定块的大小和具有该块的副本的工作站的标识。

37. 发明授权

US5802585A Batched checking of shared memory accesses 失效
标题翻译：批量检查共享内存访问
公开(公告)号：US5802585A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US682341
申请日：1996-07-17
申请人： Daniel J. Scales , Chandramohan A. Thekkath
发明人： Daniel J. Scales , Chandramohan A. Thekkath
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F12/08 , G06F12/00 , G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F9/52 , G06F12/0837 , G06F12/0813
摘要： In a distributed shared memory computer system a plurality of workstations are connected to each other by a network. Each workstation includes a processor, a memory having addresses, and an input/output interface connected to each other by a bus. The input/output interfaces connect the workstations to each other by the network. In a software implemented method for batching access checks to shared data stored in the memories, a set of the addresses of the memories are designated virtual shared addresses to store shared data. A portion of the virtual shared addresses is allocated to store a shared data structure as one or more lines accessible by instructions of the programs executing in any of the processors, the size of each line being a predetermined number of bytes. The programs are analyzed to locate a set of instructions of a particular program which access a range of target addresses storing shared data, the range of target addresses being no greater than the size of one line. In response to determining that accesses to the shared data stored at a first and last addresses of the range of target addresses are valid, the set of instructions are executed. If accesses to the shared data stored at the first or last addresses of the range of target addresses are invalid, miss handling is executed before executing the set of instructions.
摘要翻译：在分布式共享存储器计算机系统中，多个工作站通过网络彼此连接。每个工作站包括处理器，具有地址的存储器以及通过总线彼此连接的输入/输出接口。输入/输出接口通过网络将工作站彼此连接起来。在用于对存储在存储器中的共享数据进行批处理的软件实现方法中，存储器的一组地址被指定为虚拟共享地址以存储共享数据。分配虚拟共享地址的一部分以将共享数据结构存储为可由在任何处理器中执行的程序的指令访问的一行或多行，每行的大小为预定字节数。分析程序以定位访问存储共享数据的目标地址范围的特定程序的一组指令，目标地址的范围不大于一行的大小。响应于确定存储在目标地址范围的第一和最后地址处的共享数据的访问是有效的，执行该指令集。如果存储在目标地址范围的第一个或最后一个地址处的共享数据的访问无效，则在执行指令集之前执行错误处理。

38. 发明授权

US5761729A Validation checking of shared memory accesses 失效
标题翻译：共享内存访问的验证检查
公开(公告)号：US5761729A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-02
申请号：US672221
申请日：1996-07-17
申请人： Daniel J. Scales
发明人： Daniel J. Scales
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F12/10 , G06F12/00 , G06F15/167
CPC分类号： G06F12/0817 , G06F12/109 , G06F2212/656
摘要： In a computer system a plurality of workstations are connected to each other by a network. Each workstation including a processor, a memory having addresses, and an input/output interface connected to each other by a bus. The input/output interfaces connect the workstations to each other via the network. Valid data accesses are checked by a software implemented method. A set of the addresses of the memories are designated as virtual shared addresses to store shared data. A particular one of the programs allocates a portion of the virtual shared addresses to store a shared data structure as one or more blocks accessible by the programs executing in any of the processors. The size of a particular block depends on the size of the shared data structure. Each block including an integer number of lines, each line including a predetermined number of bytes. The program is instrumented to initialize the bytes allocated for the shared data structure to a predetermined flag value. The flag value indicates that the data are in an invalid state. Load instructions of the programs are instrumented to check if data loaded from the shared data structure are different than the predetermined flag value. The load instructions are executed if the data are different than the predetermined flag value. Otherwise, miss handling code is executed before the load instructions are executed.
摘要翻译：在计算机系统中，多个工作站通过网络彼此连接。每个工作站包括处理器，具有地址的存储器以及通过总线彼此连接的输入/输出接口。输入/输出接口通过网络将工作站彼此连接起来。通过软件实现的方法检查有效的数据访问。一组存储器的地址被指定为虚拟共享地址以存储共享数据。程序中的特定一个分配一部分虚拟共享地址以将共享数据结构存储为可由在任何处理器中执行的程序访问的一个或多个块。特定块的大小取决于共享数据结构的大小。每个块包括整数行，每行包括预定数量的字节。该程序用于将分配给共享数据结构的字节初始化为预定的标志值。标志值表示数据处于无效状态。对程序的加载指令进行检测，以检查从共享数据结构加载的数据是否与预定标志值不同。如果数据不同于预定标志值，则执行加载指令。否则，在执行加载指令之前执行未命中处理代码。

39. 发明授权

US08560747B1 Associating heartbeat data with access to shared resources of a computer system 有权
标题翻译：将心跳数据与计算机系统的共享资源的访问相关联
公开(公告)号：US08560747B1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-15
申请号：US11676109
申请日：2007-02-16
申请人： Yuen-Lin Tan , Satyam Vaghani , Dragan Stancevic , Abhishek Rai , Daniel J. Scales
发明人： Yuen-Lin Tan , Satyam Vaghani , Dragan Stancevic , Abhishek Rai , Daniel J. Scales
IPC分类号： G06F12/14
CPC分类号： G06F9/526
摘要： A method, system and program code for implementing distributed locks to be maintained through the use of on disk heartbeats. An instance of a node need only maintain a single heartbeat for all locks associated with the node and all of its processes. The node updates its heartbeat by accessing common storage, either virtual or physical, and updating a timestamp value in its heartbeat within a predetermined time interval, otherwise the heartbeat becomes stale. Expired heartbeats can be cleared or broken to allow redistribution of any locks associated therewith. The inventive technique may be implemented in a traditional computer environment or in a fully or partially virtualized environment and requires no use of an IP network or a separate network based lock manager.
摘要翻译：用于实现通过使用磁盘心跳来维护分布式锁的方法，系统和程序代码。节点的实例只需要为与节点及其所有进程相关联的所有锁定保持单个心跳。节点通过访问虚拟或物理的公共存储，并在预定时间间隔内更新其心跳中的时间戳值来更新其心跳，否则心跳变得过时。可以清除或破坏过期心跳，以允许与其相关联的任何锁的重新分配。本发明的技术可以在传统的计算机环境中或在完全或部分虚拟化的环境中实现，并且不需要使用IP网络或单独的基于网络的锁管理器。

40. 发明授权

US08543781B2 Hybrid locking using network and on-disk based schemes 有权
公开(公告)号：US08543781B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-24
申请号：US12565521
申请日：2009-09-23
申请人： Mayank Rawat , Jinyuan Li , Murali Vilayannur , Daniel J. Scales
发明人： Mayank Rawat , Jinyuan Li , Murali Vilayannur , Daniel J. Scales
IPC分类号： G06F12/14
CPC分类号： H04L41/00 , G06F17/30171
摘要： A method of acquiring a lock by a node, on a shared resource in a system of a plurality of interconnected nodes, is disclosed. Each node that competes for a lock on the shared resource maintains a list of locks currently owned by the node. A lock metadata is maintained on a shared storage that is accessible to all nodes that may compete for locks on shared resources. A heartbeat region is maintained on a shared resource corresponding to each node so nodes can register their liveness. A lock state is maintained in the lock metadata in the shared storage. A lock state may indicate lock held exclusively, lock free or lock in managed mode. If the lock is held in the managed mode, the ownership of the lock can be transferred to another node without a use of a mutual exclusion primitive such as the SCSI reservation.

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