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11. 发明授权

US4556279A Passive fiber optic multiplexer 失效
标题翻译：被动光纤复用器
公开(公告)号：US4556279A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-03
申请号：US319301
申请日：1981-11-09
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B6/24 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02B27/10 , G02B7/26
CPC分类号： G02B6/29332 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/2938 , G02B6/29395
摘要： A passive, frequency selective, fiber optic multiplexer, comprises a directional coupler in which a pair of single mode optical fibers are accurately positioned to provide evanescent field coupling, typically by polishing a portion of the cladding from each of said fibers to place the respective cores of said fibers within the evanescent field of light in the other fiber. The coupling efficiency of a coupler constructed in this manner is wavelength dependent, and provides over-coupling, that is, the capability of transferring light, virtually entirely, back and forth between the fibers within the coupler. The wavelength dependent nature of the evanescent field coupling permits multiplexing, specifically between a pair of wavelengths, one of which is coupled in its entirety from a first fiber to a second fiber, and the other of which is essentially uncoupled. By increasing the number of total transfers of the light signals between the pair of fibers, the frequency resolution of the multiplexer may be optimized for light signals of virtually any frequency separation.
摘要翻译：无源频率选择性光纤多路复用器包括定向耦合器，其中一对单模光纤被精确地定位以提供渐逝场耦合，通常通过从每个所述光纤抛光一部分包层以放置相应的芯的纤维在另一纤维中的消逝光场内。以这种方式构造的耦合器的耦合效率是波长相关的，并且提供过耦合，即在耦合器内的光纤之间实际上完全传输光的能力。消逝场耦合的波长依赖性允许多路复用，特别是在一对波长之间进行多路复用，其中一个波长的整体由第一光纤耦合到第二光纤，另一个基本上是耦合的。通过增加一对光纤之间的光信号的总传输次数，多路复用器的频率分辨率可以针对几乎任何频率间隔的光信号进行优化。

12. 发明授权

US4553238A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4553238A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-12
申请号：US537493
申请日：1983-09-30
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Robert A. Lacy
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Robert A. Lacy
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/287 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094069
摘要： A pair of small diameter optical fibers are arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a passive guide for pump light, and the second fiber formed of a material, such as Nd:YAG which has amplifying properties at the signal frequency. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber from the active material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The first fiber is pumped from one or both ends, utilizing a cone shaped rod which is optically coupled thereto. A large diameter beam of collimated pump light enters the cone shaped rod, where total internal reflections on the cone walls compress the beam to a small, fiber-size diameter for absorption by the active fiber. The light input to the cone-shaped rod is produced by plural, high power laser diodes, and is collimated by microlenses. By utilizing the cone-shaped rod to couple light from the high power diode lasers to the pump fiber, high pump power densities can be achieved, yielding increased amplification.
摘要翻译：一对小直径光纤配置成并排配置，第一光纤提供泵浦光的被动导向器，第二光纤由诸如Nd：YAG的材料形成，该材料在信号处具有放大特性频率。要被放大的信号通过第二光纤从活性材料传播，导致信号的放大。第一纤维从一端或两端泵送，利用光学耦合到其上的锥形杆。准直泵浦光的大直径光束进入锥形棒，锥形壁上的全部内部反射将光束压缩至较小的纤维尺寸直径，以被有源光纤吸收。输入到锥形杆的光由多个高功率激光二极管产生，并被微透镜准直。通过利用锥形杆将来自大功率二极管激光器的光耦合到泵浦光纤，可以实现高泵功率密度，产生增加的放大。

13. 发明授权

US4554510A Switching fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：开关光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4554510A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-19
申请号：US531231
申请日：1983-09-12
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G01P9/00 , G01C19/64 , G01C19/72 , G02B6/00 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/39 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/102 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/23 , H03F3/68
CPC分类号： H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/10007 , H01S3/1611 , H01S3/1643
摘要： A fiber optic amplifier utilizes a crystal fiber of laser material to bidirectionally amplify light signals. This amplifier permits the application of both pumping illumination and the signal to be amplified to the end of the crystal fiber to avoid the disadvantages inherent in side pumping this fiber. End pumping is accomplished by taking advantage of the slow spontaneous fluorescence of the laser crystal to sequentially apply the pumping illumination and then the signal to be amplified to the crystal. This sequential application of signals is made possible through the use of a switchable coupler which allows light to be selectively coupled from either of a pair of input optical fibers to a single output optical fiber which is coupled to the crystal fiber. The pumping illumination is initially supplied to the crystal fiber to invert the ions within the crystal. Once these ions are inverted, the coupler is switched to permit the application of the signal to be amplified to the crystal, and the application of pumping illumination is temporarily discontinued. The signal to be amplified propagates through the crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the laser material resulting in amplification of the signal. When this amplification process is complete, pumping illumination is again applied through the switch to the crystal fiber.
摘要翻译：光纤放大器利用激光材料的晶体光纤双向放大光信号。该放大器允许将泵浦照明和信号放大到晶体光纤的端部，以避免侧向泵浦该光纤的固有缺点。通过利用激光晶体的缓慢的自发荧光来顺序地施加泵浦照明，然后将待放大的信号施加到晶体来实现末端泵浦。通过使用可切换耦合器来实现信号的这种顺序应用，其允许光从一对输入光纤中的任一个选择性地耦合到耦合到晶体光纤的单个输出光纤。泵浦照明最初被提供给晶体纤维以反转晶体内的离子。一旦这些离子被反转，耦合器被切换以允许将信号施加到晶体上，并且暂时停止施加泵浦照明。要放大的信号通过晶体传播，以激发来自激光材料的相干光的发射，从而产生信号的放大。当该放大过程完成时，泵浦照明再次通过开关施加到晶体光纤。

14. 发明授权

US4515431A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4515431A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US407136
申请日：1982-08-11
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , G02B5/172
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An optical fiber bidirectional amplifier includes a pair of small diameter optical fibers, arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the frequency of the signal to be amplified. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive indexes of the first and second fibers are substantially identical, but the coupling characteristic provided by the geometrical relationship between the pair of fibers yields a wavelength dependent coupling efficiency. Specifically, the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the pumping source is relatively high, while the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the signal to be amplified is relatively low. Thus, the pumping illumination is coupled from the first fiber to the second fiber to stimulate the doping material in the second fiber, while the signal to be amplified remains relatively uncoupled, and is amplified by the coherent light emitted by the lasing material.
摘要翻译：光纤双向放大器包括一对并排配置的小直径光纤，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有将以信号频率变化的材料放大待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。第一和第二纤维的折射率基本上相同，但由一对纤维之间的几何关系提供的耦合特性产生了与波长相关的耦合效率。具体地说，在泵浦源的波长处的耦合效率相对较高，而要放大的信号的波长的耦合效率相对较低。因此，泵浦照明从第一光纤耦合到第二光纤以刺激第二光纤中的掺杂材料，而待放大的信号保持相对不耦合，并且由激光材料发射的相干光放大。

15. 发明授权

US4461536A Fiber coupler displacement transducer 失效
标题翻译：光纤耦合器位移传感器
公开(公告)号：US4461536A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-24
申请号：US300956
申请日：1981-09-10
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G01D5/32 , G01K11/32 , G02B6/28 , G02B5/172
CPC分类号： G01K11/32 , G01D5/32 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283
摘要： A transducer for the measurement of minute displacements incorporates a fiber optic coupler having a coupling efficiency which varies in relation to the relative position of coupler elements. The transducer may also be used indirectly as an accurate sensor of physical parameters, such as temperature and pressure, through the use of a secondary transducer which provides a displacement proportional to such physical parameter. The outputs from the fiber optic coupler may be compared to provide a measure of the coupling efficiency, and may be monitored by a display which provides a direct measurement of displacement or a secondary physical parameter.
摘要翻译：用于测量微小位移的传感器包括具有耦合效率的光纤耦合器，耦合效率相对于耦合器元件的相对位置而变化。换能器还可以间接地用作物理参数（例如温度和压力）的精确传感器，通过使用提供与这种物理参数成比例的位移的次级换能器。可以比较来自光纤耦合器的输出以提供耦合效率的量度，并且可以由提供位移的直接测量或辅助物理参数的显示器监视。

16. 发明授权

US4723824A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4723824A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-09
申请号：US930136
申请日：1986-11-12
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , H04B10/17 , H04J14/02 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094003 , H04B10/291 , H04J14/02 , H01S3/06787 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An amplifier for use with fiber optic systems comprises a neodymium YAG crystal placed in series with a signal-carrying optical fiber. The ND:YAG crystal is supplied by the optical fiber with both the signal to be amplified, and pumping illumination. The pumping illumination is coupled onto the optical fiber by a multiplexing coupler which is used to combine the signal to be amplified and illumination from a pumping illumination source onto a single optical fiber. The pumping illumination inverts the neodymium ions within the ND:YAG crystal. The signal to be amplified propagates through this crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the neodymium ions, resulting in amplification of the signal. Because this arrangement permits the ND:YAG crystal to be end-pumped with pumping illumination, and because the length of the ND:YAG crystal may be substantially greater that the absorption length for the crystal at the wavelength of the pumping illumination, virtually all of the pumping illumination may be absorbed within the ND:YAG crystal and used for amplification of the signal carried by the optical fiber.
摘要翻译：用于光纤系统的放大器包括与信号承载光纤串联放置的钕YAG晶体。 ND：YAG晶体由光纤提供，同时具有要放大的信号和泵浦照明。泵浦照明通过复用耦合器耦合到光纤上，复用耦合器用于将待放大的信号和来自泵浦照明源的照明组合到单个光纤上。泵浦照明反转ND：YAG晶体内的钕离子。要放大的信号通过该晶体传播，以刺激来自钕离子的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。因为这种布置允许ND：YAG晶体在泵浦照明下被端泵浦，并且因为ND：YAG晶体的长度可能显着大于泵浦照明波长处的晶体的吸收长度，实际上全部泵浦照明可以在ND：YAG晶体内被吸收，并用于放大由光纤承载的信号。

17. 发明授权

US4603940A Fiber optic dye amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤染料放大器
公开(公告)号：US4603940A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-05
申请号：US527946
申请日：1983-08-30
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Ralph A. Bergh , Wayne V. Sorin , Brian H. Kolner
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Ralph A. Bergh , Wayne V. Sorin , Brian H. Kolner
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/17 , G02F1/19 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/36
CPC分类号： G02B6/2821 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213
摘要： A fiber optic amplifier as disclosed, comprised of a fiber optic, monomode waveguide which has a core and cladding. Part of the cladding over a predetermined region is removed and replaced by an active medium capable of absorbing light energy at a first wavelength and emitting light energy at a second wavelength. The active medium is a lasing dye which has an index of refraction adjusted to be slightly less than the index of refraction of the fiber core. The amount of cladding which is removed is adjusted such that a predetermined amount of penetration of the evanescent field from a pump light signal coupled into an end of the fiber penetrates the active medium. A probe signal to be amplified causes stimulated emission from the excited dye molecules by penetration of its evanescent field into the dye in the region where the cladding is removed.In the preferred embodiment a recirculating pump is used to circulate dye through a cavity which is placed over the portion of the fiber where the cladding is removed. The dye molecules in contact with the surface caused by removal of the cladding are continually changed. A temperature control unit maintains the temperature of the dye such that its index of refraction remains tuned to an amount just less than the index of refraction of the core.
摘要翻译：公开的一种光纤放大器，包括具有芯和包层的光纤，单模波导。除去预定区域上的部分包层，并用能够吸收第一波长的光能并以第二波长发射光能的活性介质代替。活性介质是一种激光折射率，其折射率被调整为略小于纤维芯的折射率。被去除的包层的量被调整为使得从耦合到纤维的端部的泵浦光信号中的消逝场的预定量的穿透穿透活性介质。要被放大的探针信号通过在消除包层的区域中将其消逝场穿透到染料中，从而激发染料分子的受激发射。在优选实施例中，循环泵用于使染料循环通过空腔，所述空腔放置在去除了包层的纤维部分上。由去除包层引起的与表面接触的染料分子不断变化。温度控制单元保持染料的温度，使得其折射率保持调谐到刚好小于芯的折射率的量。

18. 发明授权

US4560234A Fiber optic switchable coupler 失效
标题翻译：光纤可切换耦合器
公开(公告)号：US4560234A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-24
申请号：US523150
申请日：1983-08-15
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B26/08 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/35
CPC分类号： G02B6/3502 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2861 , G02B6/3588 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3578 , G02B6/3594
摘要： A pair of optical couplers are arranged in series with a pair of outputs from the first optical coupler supplying the pair of inputs to the second optical coupler. At least one of the optical fibers between the first and second couplers is arranged to have a variable length, said variation being at least one-half the wavelength of the light signal utilized within the system. When light is supplied to one input of the first coupler, this light can be switched selectively to either of the outputs of the second coupler by varying the length of one of the optical fibers between the couplers. Thus, a light signal supplied to either of the inputs of the first coupler can be selectively output at either of the outputs of the second coupler or can be made to alternate between these outputs in accordance with the length of the intervening optical fiber.
摘要翻译：一对光耦合器与来自第一光耦合器的一对输出串联布置，将一对输入端提供给第二光耦合器。第一和第二耦合器之间的光纤中的至少一个布置成具有可变长度，所述变化是系统内所使用的光信号的波长的至少一半。当光被提供给第一耦合器的一个输入端时，该光可以通过改变耦合器之间的一根光纤的长度来选择性地切换到第二耦合器的输出端。因此，提供给第一耦合器的任一输入端的光信号可以选择性地输出到第二耦合器的输出端，或者可以根据中间光纤的长度在这些输出端之间交替。

19. 发明授权

US4462699A Fiber coupler temperature transducer 失效
标题翻译：光纤耦合器温度传感器
公开(公告)号：US4462699A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-31
申请号：US300954
申请日：1981-09-10
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G01D5/26 , G01D5/32 , G01D5/353 , G01K11/32 , G02B6/28 , G08C19/36 , G01J5/08 , G02B5/172
CPC分类号： G02B6/283 , G01D5/32 , G01K11/32 , G02B6/2826
摘要： A transducer for the measurement of temperature incorporates a fiber optic coupler having a coupling efficiency which varies in relation to the index of refraction of a thin layer of index matching liquid, such as index matching oil, placed between the optical fibers of the coupler. Since the index of refraction of the liquid varies predictably with temperature, the coupling efficiency of the transducer may be used to directly measure the temperature of the coupler and its surroundings.
摘要翻译：用于测量温度的换能器包括具有耦合效率的光纤耦合器，该耦合效率相对于放置在耦合器的光纤之间的折射率匹配液体（例如折射率匹配油）的薄层的折射率而变化。由于液体的折射率随温度而可预测地变化，所以传感器的耦合效率可用于直接测量耦合器及其周围环境的温度。

20. 发明授权

US4832437A Fiber optic inter-mode coupling single side band frequency shifter 失效
标题翻译：光纤互耦合单边带变频器
公开(公告)号：US4832437A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US48142
申请日：1987-05-11
申请人： Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw , Helege E. Engan , James N. Blake
发明人： Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw , Helege E. Engan , James N. Blake
IPC分类号： G02B6/14 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/01
CPC分类号： G02B6/14 , G02B6/2821 , G02F1/0134
摘要： An optical fiber is subjected to a series of traveling flexural waves propagating along a length of the fiber. At least a portion of an optical signal propagating within the optical fiber in a first propagation mode is coupled to a second propagation mode. The optical signal in the second propagation mode has a frequency which is equal to either the sum of or the difference between the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode and the frequency of the traveling flexural waves. The frequency of the optical signal in the second propagation mode is shifted upward or downward from the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode as determined by the direction of propagation of the first optical signal with respect to the direction of propagation of the traveling flexural waves, and as also determined by whether the phase propagation velocity of the optical signal in the first propagation mode is greater than or less than the propagation velocity of the optical signal in the second propagation mode.
摘要翻译：光纤经受沿纤维长度传播的一系列行进弯曲波。以第一传播模式在光纤内传播的光信号的至少一部分耦合到第二传播模式。第二传播模式中的光信号具有等于第一传播模式中的光信号的频率与行进的弯曲波的频率的和之和的频率的频率。第二传播模式中的光信号的频率从第一传播模式中的光信号的频率向上或向下偏移，由第一光信号相对于传播的传播方向的传播方向确定弯曲波，并且还根据第一传播模式中的光信号的相位传播速度是否大于或小于第二传播模式中的光信号的传播速度来确定。

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