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11. 发明授权

US4489571A Fractional solidification process and apparatuses for use therein 失效
标题翻译：分数凝固工艺及其中使用的装置
公开(公告)号：US4489571A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-25
申请号：US565856
申请日：1983-12-27
申请人： Sing-Wang Cheng , Chen-Yen Cheng
发明人： Sing-Wang Cheng , Chen-Yen Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D9/00 , B01D9/02
CPC分类号： B01D9/004
摘要： The present invention introduces a process for effectively washing a crystal-liquid (mother liquor) mixture with a mass of wash liquid to thereby form a mass of highly purified crystals and also introduces apparatuses for use therein. The purification is accomplished by properly conducted alternative stationary and agitated crystal washing operations and substantially countercurrent transfer of the solid phase and the free liquid in a purification zone. The zone contains a set of stationary washing sub-zones and a set of agitated washing sub-zones that are laid alternatively along the vertical direction.The mass of crystals in a stationary sub-zone is compacted by a compacting means to form a bed with an enhanced degree of compaction. The masses of crystals and liquid in each agitated sub-zone are properly agitated so that the impurities in the mother liquors retained in the crystal mass are released to the free liquid. It is important either to reduce the amount of liquid that is transferred with the crystals or counterwash the crystals during an inter sub-zone transfer of the solid phase. Means for accomplishing these functions are incorporated in the apparatuses of this invention. Because of the properly conducted alternative stationary and agitated washing operations and the properly conducted inter sub-zone transfers of the solid phases and the free liquids, the impurity concentrations of the liquids retained in the solid phases transferred between sub-zones decrease sequentially, nearly following a geometric sequence rather than approaching a limiting value.
摘要翻译：本发明引入了一种用洗涤液质量洗涤晶体 - 液体（母液）混合物的方法，从而形成大量高纯度晶体，并引入了其中使用的装置。净化通过适当地进行的替代的静止和搅动的晶体洗涤操作和在纯化区中固相和游离液体的基本上逆流转移来实现。该区域包含一组固定的洗涤子区域和一组沿垂直方向交替布置的搅动洗涤子区域。固定子区域中的晶体质量通过压实装置压实以形成具有增强压实度的床。适当地搅拌每个搅拌的亚区域中的晶体和液体的质量，使保留在结晶物质中的母液中的杂质释放到游离液体中。重要的是减少用晶体转移的液体量或在固相的亚区域转移过程中反洗洗涤晶体。用于实现这些功能的手段被并入本发明的装置中。由于适当进行的固定和搅拌的洗涤操作以及固相和游离液体的适当传导的子区间转移，保留在子区域之间转移的固相中的液体的杂质浓度依次降低，几乎跟随几何序列而不是接近极限值。

12. 发明授权

US4420318A Vacuum freezing process with multiple phase transformations of low pressure vapor 失效
标题翻译：真空冷冻过程与低压蒸汽的多相转变
公开(公告)号：US4420318A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-13
申请号：US315858
申请日：1981-10-28
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D7/00 , B01D7/02 , B01D9/02 , B01D9/04 , C02F1/22
CPC分类号： C02F1/22 , B01D7/02 , B01D9/04 , C02F2103/08
摘要： The Vacuum Freezing Vapor Desublimation Desublimate Vaporization Process (denoted as VDDV Process) is an improved vacuum freezing process that is useful in separating solvent from a solution that contains one or more non-volatile solutes. It can be used in desalination of sea water and brackish water, renovation of waste water, and concentration of aqueous and non-aqueous solutions.Referring to sea water desalination, the process comprises the following steps: (a) feed sea water is flash vaporized under a reduced pressure to thereby form a first low pressure water vapor (3.5 torr) and an ice-brine slush; (b) the first low pressure water vapor is cooled without pressurization to form a mass of desublimate; (c) the ice-brine slush is separated into a mass of purified ice and a concentrated brine; (d) the desublimate is melted and vaporized to form a second low pressure water vapor that is at a pressure higher than the triple point pressure of water (4.58 torr); (d) the second low pressure water vapor is brought in contact with the purified ice to thereby condense the vapor and melt the ice. Both the condensate and the melt become product fresh water. The characteristic feature of the process is that a low pressure vapor is pressurized from a first pressure that is lower than the triple point pressure to a second pressure that is higher than the triple point pressure by first desubliming the vapor and then melting and vaporizing the desublimate. The need of a low pressure compressor has been eliminated.
摘要翻译：蒸发蒸发蒸发蒸发方法（表示为“VDDV工艺”）是一种改进的真空冷冻方法，可用于从含有一种或多种非挥发性溶质的溶液中分离溶剂。可用于海水淡化，咸水淡化，废水净化，水溶液和非水溶液浓缩。关于海水淡化，该方法包括以下步骤：（a）进料海水在减压下闪蒸，从而形成第一低压水蒸汽（3.5托）和冰盐水; （b）第一低压水蒸汽在不加压的情况下被冷却以形成大量的稀释物; （c）将冰盐水冰浆分离成大量纯净的冰和浓缩的盐水; （d）稀释物被熔化和蒸发以形成处于高于水的三重点压力（4.58托）的压力的第二低压水蒸汽; （d）使第二低压水蒸汽与纯净的冰接触，从而使蒸气冷凝并融化。冷凝物和熔体均成为产品淡水。该方法的特征在于，将低压蒸汽从低于三重点压力的第一压力加压到高于三重点压力的第二压力，首先使蒸气冷凝，然后将该稀释物。已经消除了对低压压缩机的需求。

13. 发明授权

US4378984A Distillative freezing process for separating volatile mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于分离挥发性混合物的蒸馏冷冻方法
公开(公告)号：US4378984A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-05
申请号：US296130
申请日：1981-08-25
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04 , F25J3/00
CPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04
摘要： The distillative freezing process disclosed is useful in separating a mixture containing at least two volatile components, denoted respectively as A-component and B-component, by simultaneously vaporizing the two components from the mixture under a sufficiently reduced pressure to simultaneously crystallize B-component. The vapor mixture obtained is brought to a condensed state either by a simple condensation operation or a condensation-desublimation operation without being substantially pressurized. The process may be continued to completely eliminate the liquid phase and bring the mixture into the two phase solid-vapor region. Then, the solid phase is no longer contaminated by the adhering liquid phase and gives a high purity B-component on melting. The process is particularly useful in separating mixtures containing close boiling components, such as styrene-ethyl benzene mixtures, p-xylene-m-xylene mixtures and ethylene-ethane mixtures. The process can therefore be used in producing high purity monomers for the plastic industries and high purity chemicals for other industries.
摘要翻译：所公开的蒸馏冷冻方法可用于分离含有至少两种挥发性组分的混合物，分别表示为A组分和B组分，同时在充分降低的压力下从混合物中蒸发两种组分以同时结晶B组分。所获得的蒸气混合物通过简单的冷凝操作或冷凝 - 冷凝 - 操作而不会基本上被加压而进入冷凝状态。该过程可以继续完全消除液相并使混合物进入两相固体蒸汽区域。然后，固相不再被粘附液相污染，并在熔化时产生高纯度的B成分。该方法特别可用于分离含有近沸点组分的混合物，例如苯乙烯 - 乙苯混合物，对二甲苯 - 间二甲苯混合物和乙烯 - 乙烷混合物。因此，该方法可用于生产用于塑料工业的高纯度单体和用于其它工业的高纯度化学品。

14. 发明授权

US4236382A Separation of an aqueous solution by the improved vacuum freezing high pressure ice melting process 失效
标题翻译：通过改进的真空冷冻高压冰融化工艺分离水溶液
公开(公告)号：US4236382A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-02
申请号：US15343
申请日：1979-02-26
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng , Wu-Cheng Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng , Wu-Cheng Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D9/02 , B01D9/04 , C02F1/22 , C02F11/20
CPC分类号： B01D9/04 , C02F1/22 , C02F11/20 , C02F2103/08
摘要： In the Improved Vacuum-Freezing High Pressure Ice Melting Process, an aqueous solution is flash vaporized under a reduced pressure to simultaneously form a low pressure water vapor and ice crystals. The ice formed is first purified in a counter-washer and then melted inside of heat conductive conduits under a high pressure (e.g. 600 atm.) and the low pressure water vapor is desublimed to form desublimate (ice) on the outside of the conduits. The latent heat of desublimation released is utilized in supplying the heat needed in the ice-melting operation. The desublimate is removed intermittently by an in-situ dissolution operation utilizing an aqueous such as the feed solution or the concentrate; about an equivalent amount of ice is formed inside of the conduits by an exchange freezing operation. The ice so formed is also melted by the high pressure ice melting operation described. The process uses components that are available commercially and can be reliably operated. The process is highly energy efficient and cost competitive with other desalination processes and conventional evaporation processes. The process is useful in desalination of brackish water and sea water and in concentrating industrial aqueous solutions.
摘要翻译：在改进的真空冷冻高压冰融化方法中，将水溶液在减压下闪蒸，同时形成低压水蒸汽和冰晶。形成的冰首先在反洗涤器中净化，然后在高压（例如600atm））下在导热管道内熔化，并且低压水蒸汽被冷凝以在管道外部形成疏水（冰）。释放的预热的潜热用于提供在冰融化操作中所需的热量。通过使用诸如进料溶液或浓缩物的水的原位溶解操作间歇地除去稀释物; 大约通过交换冷冻操作在管道内形成等量的冰。所形成的冰也通过所述的高压冰融化操作而熔化。该方法使用可商购的并可靠地操作的部件。该过程与其他脱盐工艺和常规蒸发工艺相比具有高能效和成本竞争力。该方法可用于淡化咸水和海水以及浓缩工业水溶液。

15. 发明授权

US3982527A Method and apparatus for concentrating, harvesting and storing of solar energy 失效
标题翻译：聚光，收集和储存太阳能的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3982527A
公开(公告)日：1976-09-28
申请号：US429500
申请日：1974-01-02
申请人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： F24S10/75 , F24S23/00 , F24S23/30 , F24S23/70 , F24S23/71 , F24S23/74 , F24J3/02
CPC分类号： F24J2/1047 , F24J2/06 , F24J2/08 , F24J2/085 , F24J2/12 , F24J2/14 , F24J2/26 , F24J2002/1066 , F24J2002/108 , Y02E10/42 , Y02E10/43 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/45
摘要： The present invention, introduces (i) a reflector-heat sink panel with myriads of miniature parabolic mirrors and conductive heat collectors and (ii) a flattened focusing mirror. The reflector-heat sink panel has a transparent cover, a multiplicity of miniature parabolic mirrors to focus the Sun's rays into their respective focal regions which also serve as heat sink regions. For an efficient operation, heat generated in these regions is collected and transmitted to a heat transfer surface which is located on the backside relative to the mirror surfaces by conductive heat collecting branches and a conductive main and is transmitted to a heat absorbing medium. Another convenient way is to use the space separating the transparent cover and the mirror surfaces as a conduit to carry a heat absorbing medium and use the surfaces of conductive heat collecting branches and the mirror surface as the heat transfer surface of transmitting heat energy to the heat absorbing medium. Converging lens-heat sink panels which do similar job as that of reflector-heat sink panels are also described. The flattened focusing mirror is a thin multistep mirror which functions as a regular parabolic mirror with a relatively large focal length. What a flattened focusing mirror is to a regular parabolic mirror is about what a Fresnel lens is to a regular lens. method,The invention also introduces a multiple focusing method of accomplishing an even higher degree of concentrating solar energy and ways of storing heat energy at a relatively high temperature. In the multiple focusing method a wide band of the Sun's parallel rays is first reduced into a narrow band of parallel and concentrated rays, which is then reconverged into concentrated bands and harvested by a narrow reflector-heat sink panel. In another embodiment, several narrow bands of parallel and concentrated rays are formed and combined into a large band of parallel and concentrated rays and refocused into a set of very highly concentrated rays.
摘要翻译：本发明引入（i）具有大量抛物面反射镜和导热性集热器的反射器 - 散热板，以及（ii）扁平聚焦镜。反射器 - 散热面板具有透明盖，多个微型抛物面镜，将太阳的光线聚焦到它们各自的聚焦区域中，该区域也用作散热片区域。为了有效的操作，在这些区域中产生的热量通过导热集热分支和导电主体被收集并传输到位于相对于镜面的背面的传热表面，并被传递到吸热介质。另一个方便的方法是使用分隔透明盖和镜面的空间作为导管携带吸热介质，并使用导热集热分支和镜面的表面作为将热能传递到热的传热表面吸收介质。还描述了与反射器散热板相似的聚焦透镜 - 散热板。扁平聚焦镜是一种薄的多步镜，其作为具有较大焦距的常规抛物面镜。一个普通的抛物面反射镜是一个平坦的聚焦镜是关于什么是菲涅耳透镜是普通镜头。

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