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11. 发明申请

WO0143216A3 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPERATING A FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于操作燃料电池的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：WO0143216A3
公开(公告)日：2001-12-06
申请号：PCT/CA0001426
申请日：2000-12-04
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , BOEHM GUSTAV , WILKINSON DAVID P , KNIGHTS SHANNA , SCHAMM REINHOLD , FLETCHER NICHOLAS J
发明人： BOEHM GUSTAV , WILKINSON DAVID P , KNIGHTS SHANNA , SCHAMM REINHOLD , FLETCHER NICHOLAS J
IPC分类号： H01M8/10 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089
摘要： The present invention relates to improving the overall efficiency of a fuel cell system by reducing parasitic power consumption. In particular, efficiency is improved by controlling the supply of oxidant to reduce excess oxidant stream flow by operating the fuel cell system with an oxidant stoichiometry between about one and two. A controller is programmed to decrease oxidant stoichiometry until oxidant starvation is detected or until oxidant stoichiometry is about one. When oxidant starvation is detected, the oxidant stoichiometry is increased until oxidant starvation is no longer detected. The fuel cell system employs a sensor for detecting an operational characteristic such as voltage output, or oxygen or hydrogen concentration in the cathode exhaust stream. The controller uses the operational characteristic to calculate oxidant stoichiometry or to determine when there is oxidant starvation at the cathode.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过减少寄生功率消耗来提高燃料电池系统的整体效率。特别地，通过以大约1和2之间的氧化剂化学计量操作燃料电池系统，通过控制氧化剂的供应以减少过量的氧化剂流的流动来提高效率。控制器被编程以减少氧化剂化学计量直到检测到氧化剂饥饿或直到氧化剂化学计量大约为1。当检测到氧化剂饥饿时，氧化剂化学计量增加，直到不再检测到氧化剂饥饿。燃料电池系统使用传感器来检测诸如电压输出的操作特性，或阴极排气流中的氧气或氢气浓度。控制器使用操作特性来计算氧化剂化学计量或确定阴极何时存在氧化剂饥饿。

12. 发明申请

WO2004010521A2 IMPROVED ANODE CATALYST COMPOSITIONS FOR A VOLTAGE REVERSAL TOLERANT FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于电压反转容许燃料电池的改进的阳极催化剂组合物
公开(公告)号：WO2004010521A2
公开(公告)日：2004-01-29
申请号：PCT/CA0301031
申请日：2003-07-17
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC , YE SIYU , BEATTIE PAUL , CAMPBELL STEPHEN A , WILKINSON DAVID P , THEOBALD BRIAN RONALD CHARLES , THOMPSETT DAVID
发明人： YE SIYU , BEATTIE PAUL , CAMPBELL STEPHEN A , WILKINSON DAVID P , THEOBALD BRIAN RONALD CHARLES , THOMPSETT DAVID
IPC分类号： H01M4/96 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/88 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8835 , H01M4/9016 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/1004
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in a fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel. In order to pass current, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode, particularly if the anode employs a carbon black supported catalyst. Such fuel cells can be made substantially more tolerant to cell reversal by using certain anodes employing both a higher catalyst loading or coverage on a corrosion-resistant support and by incorporating, in addition to the typical electrocatalyst for promoting fuel oxidation, certain unsupported catalyst compositions to promote the water electrolysis reaction.
摘要翻译：在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可导致燃料电池被驱动进入电压反转。例如，如果该电池接收到不充分的燃料供应，则可能发生电池电压反转。为了通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组件的氧化。后者可能导致阳极的显着降解，特别是如果阳极采用负载炭黑的催化剂。这样的燃料电池可以通过使用在耐腐蚀载体上使用较高催化剂负载量或覆盖率的某些阳极，并且除了用于促进燃料氧化的典型电催化剂之外，还将某些未负载的催化剂组合物掺入到促进水电解反应。

13. 发明申请

WO0227832A3 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING TRANSFER LEAKS IN FUEL CELLS AND FUEL CELL STACKS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于检测燃料电池和燃料电池堆中的转移泄漏的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：WO0227832A3
公开(公告)日：2002-12-27
申请号：PCT/CA0101364
申请日：2001-09-26
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , BAILEY ROSS W J , WILKINSON DAVID P , CAMPBELL STEPHEN A
发明人： BAILEY ROSS W J , WILKINSON DAVID P , CAMPBELL STEPHEN A
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , G01R31/36
CPC分类号： H01M8/04671 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04679 , H01M8/04783
摘要： A method of detecting transfer leaks within a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cell assemblies includes supplying reactants and inert gas to the fuel, oxidant and/or coolant manifolds of the stack, as appropriate, and measuring the voltage across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies. An apparatus for detecting transfer leaks within solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks comprises a device for measuring the voltage across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies. Transfer leaks across the polymer electrolyte membrane, and across reactant-coolant bipolar plates, may be detected according to the present method and apparatus.
摘要翻译：检测包括多个燃料电池组件的固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆内的转移泄漏的方法包括：酌情将反应物和惰性气体供应到堆的燃料，氧化剂和/或冷却剂歧管，并测量至少一个燃料电池组件。用于检测固体聚合物电解质燃料电池组内的转移泄漏的设备包括用于测量跨过至少一个燃料电池组件的电压的装置。根据本发明的方法和设备可以检测穿过聚合物电解质膜以及跨反应物 - 冷却剂双极板的泄漏。

14. 发明申请

WO9708766A3 Electrochemical fuel cell with an electrode substrate having an in-plane nonuniform structure for control of reactant and product transport 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有电极基板的电化学燃料电池具有面内非均匀结构，用于控制反应物和产物运输
公开(公告)号：WO9708766A3
公开(公告)日：1997-04-24
申请号：PCT/CA9600568
申请日：1996-08-23
申请人： JOHNSON MARK C , WILKINSON DAVID P , ASMAN CHARLES P , BOS MYLES L , POTTER ROBERT J , BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
发明人： JOHNSON MARK C , WILKINSON DAVID P , ASMAN CHARLES P , BOS MYLES L , POTTER ROBERT J
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/0234 , H01M4/8626 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0241 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In an electrochemical fuel cell, an electrode substrate (66) has an in-plane nonuniform structure. The electrode substrate having an in-plane nonuniform structure enables controlled transport of reactant toward the electrocatalyst layer (66b, 76b) and controlled transport of reaction product away from the electrocatalyst layer.
摘要翻译：在电化学燃料电池中，电极基板具有平面内不均匀的结构。具有面内不均匀结构的电极基板使得能够控制反应物向电催化剂层的输送并控制反应产物远离电催化剂层。

15. 发明专利

DE10084946T5 未知
公开(公告)号：DE10084946T5
公开(公告)日：2005-03-10
申请号：DE10084946
申请日：2000-08-23
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
发明人： KNIGHTS SHANNA D , TAYLOR JARED L , WILKINSON DAVID P , WAINRIGHT DAVID S
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M10/42 , H01M8/00
摘要： A voltage reversal tolerant fuel cell anode structure that includes a gas diffusion layer is prepared by a method that comprises: (a) applying to the gas diffusion layer a first carbon component comprising a sacrificial carbon component having substantially no resistance to corrosion during cell reversal at fuel cell operating temperatures, and (b) applying to the gas diffusion layer a second carbon component. The first carbon material has a BET surface area of at least 350 m2g-1. The second carbon component supports an electrocatalyst material and has substantially more resistance to corrosion during cell reversal at fuel cell operating temperatures than the first carbon component.

16. 发明专利

CA2240661C METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING REACTANT CROSSOVER IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL FUEL CELL 未知
公开(公告)号：CA2240661C
公开(公告)日：2005-01-25
申请号：CA2240661
申请日：1996-11-25
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
发明人： CAMPBELL STEPHEN A , WILKINSON DAVID P , JOHNSON MARK C , COLBOW KEVIN M
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/10
摘要： In an electrochemical fuel cell, a sufficient quantity of catalyst, effective for promoting the reaction of reactant supplied to an electrode, is disposed within the volume of the electrode so that a reactant introduced at a first major surface of the electrode is substantially completely reacted upon contacting the second major surface. Crossover of reactant from one electrode to the other electrode through the electrolyte in an electrochemical fuel cell is thereby reduced.

17. 发明专利

AT251804T 未知
公开(公告)号：AT251804T
公开(公告)日：2003-10-15
申请号：AT00941832
申请日：2000-06-27
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
发明人： ROBERTS JOY , VAN DER GEEST MARIAN , ST-PIERRE JEAN , WILKINSON DAVID P , LEE ALVIN , MOROZ STEPHANIE
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/10
摘要： A method and apparatus increase the temperature of a fuel cell via reactant starvation at one or both electrodes. Reactant starvation at an electrode results in an increased overvoltage at the electrode and hence increased internal heat generation under load. Further, starvation techniques may be used to prevent poisoning of electrode catalysts, a potential problem that is aggravated at lower temperatures. Starvation conditions can be prolonged or intermittent and can be obtained, for example, by suitably reducing the supply rate of a reactant or by operating the fuel cell at sufficiently high current density so as to consume reactant faster than it is supplied. The method can allow for some generation of useful power by the fuel cell during start-up. The method is particularly suitable for starting up a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell from temperatures below 0° C.

18. 发明专利

DE69232293D1 未知
公开(公告)号：DE69232293D1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-24
申请号：DE69232293
申请日：1992-10-20
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
发明人： WILKINSON DAVID P , VOSS HENRY H , PRATER KEITH
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M2/00 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/22 , H01M8/24
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell is provided for converting a fuel reactant stream and an oxidant reactant stream to a reaction product stream and electrical energy. The fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly interposed between two separator layers. The separator layers are formed of thin electrically conductive sheet material which is substantially impermeable to the fuel and oxidant reactant streams. The membrane electrode assembly comprises first and second electrode layers formed of porous electrically conductive sheet material. The electrode layers have a catalyst associated therewith, and an ion exchange membrane is interposed between the first and second electrode layers. The electrode layers include passages, such as the interstitial spaces within the electrode material or grooves formed in the surface of the electrode material, for flowing a reactant stream between an inlet and outlet within the electrode layer. The incorporation of the reactant flow passages within the electrode material permits the use of thin, lightweight separator layers, thus providing higher power-to-volume and power-to-weight ratios than conventional fuel cells having reactant flow passages engraved, milled or molded in the separator plates.

19. 发明专利

CA2192170C ELECTROCHEMICAL FUEL CELL STACK WITH CONCURRENTLY FLOWING COOLANT AND OXIDANT STREAMS 未知
公开(公告)号：CA2192170C
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：CA2192170
申请日：1995-06-23
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , DAIMLER BENZ AG
发明人： FLETCHER NICHOLAS J , CHOW CLARENCE Y , POW ERIC G , WOZNICZKA BOGUSLAV M , VOSS HENRY H , HORNBURG GERALD , WILKINSON DAVID P
IPC分类号： F28F3/08 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/24
摘要： A fuel cell assembly within an electrochemical fuel cell stack has a cooling jacket disposed adjacent the cathode layer. The cooling layer comprises a coolant stream inlet, a coolant stream outlet, and at leas t one channel for directing a coolant stream from the co olant stream inlet to the coolant stream outlet. The coolant stream channels exten d such that the coolest region of the cooling layer subs tantially coincides with the region of the adjacent cathode layer having the highest c oncentration of oxygen (and also the lowest water conten t), and the warmest region of the cooling layer substantially coincides with the reg ion of the adjacent cathode layer having the lowest conc entration of oxygen (and also the highest water content).

20. 发明专利

CA2392457A1 FUEL CELL SEPARATOR PLATE WITH DISCRETE FLUID DISTRIBUTION FEATURES 未知
公开(公告)号：CA2392457A1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-05
申请号：CA2392457
申请日：2000-12-13
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
发明人： DUDLEY JAMES T , VANDERLEEDEN OLEN , WILKINSON DAVID P
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
摘要： An electrically conductive, substantially fluid impermeable fuel cell separator plate comprises a substantially planar major surface for facing a fluid permeable fuel cell electrode, a fluid inlet through which a fluid may be directed to the planar major surface, a fluid outlet through which fluid may be removed from the planar major surface, and at least one discrete flui d distribution feature, such as a channel, formed in the planar major surface. Within the thickness of the plate, the fluid distribution feature is fluidly isolated from the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, such that in a fuel cell assembly the reactant fluid must pass through the adjacent fluid permeable electrode to travel between the discrete fluid distribution feature and each of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet.

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