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101. 发明授权

US07020521B1 Methods and apparatus for detecting and/or monitoring heart failure 失效
标题翻译：用于检测和/或监测心力衰竭的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07020521B1
公开(公告)日：2006-03-28
申请号：US10291267
申请日：2002-11-08
申请人： James E. Brewer , Mark W. Kroll
发明人： James E. Brewer , Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/365
CPC分类号： A61N1/3627 , A61N1/0551 , A61N1/36514
摘要： Methods and apparatuses are provided for assisting with the diagnosis, monitoring, and/or treatment of patients that are suffering from asymptomatic heart failure or may be susceptible to asymptomatic heart failure. The methods and apparatuses can be implemented with implantable devices. In certain implementations, a method is provided which includes sensing muscle sympathetic nerve activity using at least one nerve sensing electrode that is in electrical contact with a patient's efferent muscle-nerve structure, acquiring a muscle sympathetic nerve activity signal from the sensed nerve activity using a nerve activity sensing circuit operatively coupled to the nerve sensing electrode, and analyzing the nerve activity signal for changes in nerve burst activity indicative of the presence and/or severity of asymptomatic heart failure.
摘要翻译：提供了方法和装置，用于帮助诊断，监测和/或治疗患有无症状心力衰竭的患者或可能对无症状的心力衰竭易感。该方法和装置可以用可植入装置实现。在某些实施方式中，提供了一种方法，其包括使用与患者的传出肌肉 - 神经结构电接触的至少一个神经感测电极感测肌肉交感神经活动，使用感测到的神经活动从感测到的神经活动获得肌肉交感神经活动信号神经活动感测电路可操作地耦合到神经感测电极，并且分析神经活动信号以指示无症状心力衰竭的存在和/或严重性的神经突发活动的变化。

102. 发明授权

US06954669B1 System and method of generating an optimal three-step defibrillation waveform for use in an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) 失效
标题翻译：生成用于植入式心律转复除颤器（ICD）的最佳三步除颤波形的系统和方法，
公开(公告)号：US06954669B1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-11
申请号：US09976603
申请日：2001-10-09
申请人： Matthew G. Fishler , Gabriel A. Mouchawar , Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Matthew G. Fishler , Gabriel A. Mouchawar , Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3906 , A61N1/3912
摘要： Increased myocardial voltage is achieved by configuring a shocking circuit of an ICD to generate a defibrillation pulse waveform having a positive phase with three distinct voltage peaks. The shocking circuit employs three capacitors along with switching circuitry for selectively discharging the capacitors so as to generate the defibrillation pulse waveform. More specifically, the switching circuitry generates a first step of the pulse waveform by discharging the capacitors while connected in parallel, then generates a second step of the pulse waveform by discharging the capacitors while the two of the three capacitors are connected in parallel and the third is connected in series, and finally generates a third step of the pulse waveform by discharging the capacitors while connected in series. By employing a three capacitor shocking circuit configured as described herein, the amount of energy required to reach a myocardial defibrillation threshold is less than for one-capacitor or two-capacitor systems, regardless of the total capacitance of the system. Hence, battery power can be saved and device longevity improved, while still providing effective defibrillation. Moreover, the total amount of time required to reach the defibrillation threshold is less than with one-capacitor or two-capacitor systems, permitting the patient to be defibrillated more quickly. Additionally, the three-capacitor system is generally less influenced by variations in underlying parameters and operating conditions.
摘要翻译：通过配置ICD的震荡电路来产生具有三个不同电压峰值的正相的除颤脉冲波形来实现增加的心肌电压。冲击电路采用三个电容器和开关电路，用于选择性地放电电容器，以产生除颤脉冲波形。更具体地，切换电路通过在并联连接时对电容器进行放电来产生脉冲波形的第一步骤，然后通过在三个电容器中的两个并联连接的同时放电电容器来产生脉冲波形的第二步骤，并且第三步串联连接，最后通过串联连接放电电容器来产生脉冲波形的第三步。通过使用如本文所述配置的三电容器冲击电路，达到心肌除颤阈值所需的能量量小于单电容器或双电容器系统所需的能量，而不管系统的总电容如何。因此，可以节省电池电量，提高器件寿命，同时仍能提供有效的除颤。此外，达到除颤阈值所需的总时间小于单电容器或双电容器系统所需的总时间，允许患者更快地除颤。另外，三电容器系统通常较少受底层参数和操作条件的变化的影响。

103. 发明授权

US06904314B1 Automatic defibrillation threshold tracking 失效
标题翻译：自动除颤阈值跟踪
公开(公告)号：US06904314B1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-07
申请号：US10119590
申请日：2002-04-09
申请人： James E. Brewer , Mark W. Kroll
发明人： James E. Brewer , Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3943
摘要： An implantable cardiac stimulating device employs an automatic defibrillation threshold tracking process that uses a measured pacing stimulation threshold to estimate the patient's defibrillation threshold on a dynamic, ongoing basis, using changes in the defibrillation threshold to re-calculate new defibrillation parameters (e.g., energy settings) on a periodic basis as a patient's heart changes over time. The defibrillation threshold estimation formula may involve a variety of variables, such as, for example, the patient's age and/or gender, and may include a selected safety margin. New defibrillation parameters are loaded into the appropriate locations of the device's memory, replacing the prior parameters, and are thereafter available for use by the device for defibrillation therapy. The defibrillation threshold tracking technique may be used in an external device, such as a programmer or external cardiac stimulation device.
摘要翻译：可植入心脏刺激装置采用自动除颤阈值跟踪过程，该过程使用测量的起搏刺激阈值在动态持续的基础上使用除颤阈值的变化来估计患者的除颤阈值，以重新计算新的除颤参数（例如能量设定）作为患者的心脏随着时间的推移而定期进行。除颤阈值估计公式可以涉及各种变量，例如患者的年龄和/或性别，并且可以包括所选择的安全裕度。新的除颤参数被加载到设备的存储器的适当位置，替换了先前的参数，然后可用于设备用于除颤疗法。除颤阈值跟踪技术可以用在诸如编程器或外部心脏刺激装置的外部装置中。

104. 发明授权

US06865420B1 Cardiac stimulation device for optimizing cardiac output with myocardial ischemia protection 失效
标题翻译：心脏刺激装置，用心肌缺血保护优化心输出量
公开(公告)号：US06865420B1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-08
申请号：US10047115
申请日：2002-01-14
申请人： Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/365
CPC分类号： A61N1/36557
摘要： A cardiac stimulation device and method detect myocardial ischemia and provide a response for alleviating the ischemia. Myocardial ischemia is detected by identifying changes in the ST-segment of the intracardiac electrogram (EGM) sensed using large sensing electrode surfaces created by electrically coupling one or more cardiac electrodes or by using larger surface area shocking coils. Myocardial ischemia monitoring is performed when stimulation parameters are adjusted for increasing cardiac output, causing an increased metabolic demand to be placed on the myocardium itself. When myocardial ischemia is detected, stimulation parameters are re-adjusted to reduce the demand placed on the myocardium and thereby alleviate the ischemia.
摘要翻译：心脏刺激装置和方法检测心肌缺血并提供缓解缺血的反应。通过识别使用通过电耦合一个或多个心脏电极或通过使用较大的表面区域震动线圈而产生的大的感测电极表面感测到的心内电描记（EGM）的ST段的变化来检测心肌缺血。当调整刺激参数以增加心输出量时，进行心肌缺血监测，导致将增加的代谢需求置于心肌本身上。当检测到心肌缺血时，重新调整刺激参数以减少对心肌的需求，从而减轻缺血。

105. 发明授权

US06854844B2 Tan-thru sunglasses 失效
标题翻译：谭穿太阳镜
公开(公告)号：US06854844B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-15
申请号：US10083844
申请日：2002-02-25
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Lori C. Kroll
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Lori C. Kroll
IPC分类号： A41D31/00 , B63C9/08 , B63C9/125 , G02C7/10
CPC分类号： A41D13/0125 , A41D31/0038 , A41D2400/14 , A41D2400/26 , A41D2400/28 , A42B3/12 , A45B25/18 , A45B2025/183 , A61N5/06 , A61N5/0614 , A61N2005/0645 , A61N2005/0648 , B63C9/125 , B63C9/1255 , B63C9/20 , G02B5/208 , G02B5/223 , G02C5/00 , G02C7/10
摘要： The basic object of this invention is the use of light selective materials and fabrics to increase the utility of a garment or sports article. The invention is the novel idea that light selective materials and fabrics can radically improve the usefulness, pleasure, and appeal obtained from sportswear and other garments. Examples taught include life vests, ski vests, ski pants, ski helmet/hat, and sunglasses.
摘要翻译：本发明的基本目的是使用光选择性材料和织物来增加服装或运动制品的效用。本发明是光选择性材料和织物可以从运动服装和其他服装获得的有用性，愉悦感和吸引力的根本上改进的新颖思想。教学实例包括生活背心，滑雪背心，滑雪裤，滑雪头盔/帽子和太阳镜。

106. 发明授权

US06760625B1 Battery monitoring system for an implantable medical device 有权
标题翻译：可植入医疗器械的电池监控系统
公开(公告)号：US06760625B1
公开(公告)日：2004-07-06
申请号：US09996310
申请日：2001-11-21
申请人： Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N118
CPC分类号： A61N1/3708 , A61N1/08 , G01R31/3648
摘要： An implantable cardiac device, such as a pacemaker, provided with a carbon monofluoride (CFx) battery. The CFx battery enables replacement of the typical voltage tripler with a voltage doubler and eliminates the need for a bulky decoupling capacitor. The device includes a precision A/D and voltage monitor to enable more accurate prediction of impending battery end-of-life. Several methods of accurately determining a pending end-of-life of a battery with a flat voltage output throughout discharge, such as a CFx battery, are provided.
摘要翻译：一种植入式心脏装置，例如起搏器，其设置有一氟化碳（CFx）电池。 CFx电池可以使用倍压器替换典型的三电平电压，并且不需要大体积的去耦电容器。该器件包括一个精密的A / D和电压监视器，可以更准确地预测即将到来的电池的使用寿命。提供了几种准确地确定在整个放电期间具有平坦电压输出的电池的待命结束寿命的方法，例如CFx电池。

107. 发明授权

US06658292B2 Detection of patient's position and activity status using 3D accelerometer-based position sensor 有权
公开(公告)号：US06658292B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-02
申请号：US09939051
申请日：2001-08-24
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Chris Sorensen , Gene A. Bornzin
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Chris Sorensen , Gene A. Bornzin
IPC分类号： A61N118
CPC分类号： A61N1/36585 , A61N1/36521 , A61N1/36542
摘要： An implantable cardiac stimulation device is equipped with an accelerometer-based sensor to sense a patient's movement and produce a vertical acceleration component indicative of a patient's acceleration in a vertical direction. A vertical velocity component is computed from the vertical acceleration component. The device further includes a minute ventilation sensor to sense minute ventilation of the patient. Coupled to the various sensors is a processor that is programmed to determine a patient's position and activity status, such as whether the patient is ascending/descending stairs or is sitting up from a lying position, based on the vertical velocity and minute ventilation data. The patient's status dictates whether to administer cardiac pacing therapy to the patient and the kind of therapy to be applied.

108. 发明授权

US06578499B2 Wind and insect resistant picnic system 失效
标题翻译：防风防虫野餐系统
公开(公告)号：US06578499B2
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09790380
申请日：2001-02-21
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Lori C. Kroll , Karl J. F. Kroll
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Lori C. Kroll , Karl J. F. Kroll
IPC分类号： A47B1308
CPC分类号： A47G19/10
摘要： A disposable dish system, with the bottom surfaces of the disposable dishes being at least partially coated with a light tack non-toxic adhesive to retain it to a tablecloth, tray, or table in a manner which will be resistant to wind or tipping, but yet allow for easy removal and replacement during use. Also a wind-resistant disposable tablecloth which includes adhesive disposed at certain locations on the tablecloth for use in retaining the tablecloth on a picnic table or a similar table or surface. The tablecloth has the adhesive placed thereon in strips, which are covered by strips of release liner prior to the tablecloth being used. The release liner strips are removed to expose the adhesive on the tablecloth, which is used to secure the tablecloth on the picnic table.
摘要翻译：一次性盘系统，一次性盘的底表面至少部分地涂覆有轻质无毒粘合剂，以将其以耐风或倾翻的方式保持在桌布，托盘或桌子上，但是但允许在使用过程中方便拆卸和更换。还有一种防风一次性桌布，其包括布置在桌布上的某些位置处的粘合剂，用于将桌布保持在野餐桌或类似的桌子或表面上。桌布上的粘合剂放置在条带上，在使用桌布之前，其被剥离衬垫条覆盖。去除剥离衬垫条以露出桌布上的粘合剂，其用于将桌布固定在野餐桌上。

109. 发明授权

US06549807B1 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator having a rechargeable, fast-charging battery and method thereof 失效
标题翻译：具有可充电，快速充电电池的可植入式心律转复除颤器及其方法
公开(公告)号：US06549807B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09709667
申请日：2000-11-09
申请人： Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/378 , A61N1/3956
摘要： An implantable cardiac device has a pulse generator configured to generate electric shocks for delivery to a patient's heart. The device has an output capacitor, and connected charging circuitry. A first battery is switchably coupled to the charging circuitry, and has a high current flow rate to rapidly charge the capacitor. A second battery is switchably connected in parallel to the first battery, and is operable to recharge the first battery. A detector coupled to the charging circuitry detects when the recharging current is above a predetermined threshold indicative of abnormal recharging. A controller is programmed to enable the charging circuitry to produce the shocks, and to disable the second battery whenever an abnormal recharging current is detected. The controller may operate to connect the batteries on anti parallel whenever an abnormal recharging current is detected.
摘要翻译：可植入心脏装置具有脉冲发生器，其被配置为产生用于输送到患者心脏的电击。该器件具有输出电容器，并连接充电电路。第一电池可切换地耦合到充电电路，并且具有高电流流速以快速对电容器充电。第二电池与第一电池并联地可切换地连接，并且可操作以对第一电池再充电。耦合到充电电路的检测器检测充电电流何时高于指示异常充电的预定阈值。控制器被编程为使充电电路产生冲击，并且每当检测到异常充电电流时禁用第二电池。当检测到异常充电电流时，控制器可以操作以反并联连接电池。

110. 发明授权

US06539254B1 Implantable ventricular cardioverter/defibrillator employing atrial pacing for preventing atrial fibrillation from ventricular cardioversion and defibrillation shocks 有权
标题翻译：使用心房起搏的植入式心律转复/除颤器可预防心房颤动从心室复律和除颤休克
公开(公告)号：US06539254B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-25
申请号：US10153829
申请日：2002-05-21
申请人： Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N139
CPC分类号： A61N1/3962 , A61N1/395
摘要： An implantable ventricular cardioverter/defibrillator applies a quantity of electrical energy to a heart for terminating a ventricular arrhythmia while preventing the induction of atrial fibrillation. The cardioverter/defibrillator includes a ventricular arrhythmia detector and an atrial pacer that delivers atrial pacing pulses to an atrium of the heart when the ventricular arrhythmia detector detects a ventricular arrhythmia. A generator applies a quantity of electrical energy to the heart in timed relation to a delivered atrial pacing pulse to terminate the ventricular arrhythmia to avoid inducing atrial fibrillation.
摘要翻译：植入式心室复律/除颤器将一定量的电能施加到心脏以终止心室心律不齐，同时防止心房颤动的诱导。心律转复除颤器包括心室心律失常检测器和心室起搏器，当室性心律失常检测器检测到室性心律失常时，可将心房起搏脉搏传送至心脏心房。发生器以与递送的心房起搏脉冲定时关系的方式将一定量的电能施加到心脏，以终止心室心律失常以避免诱发心房颤动。

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