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    • 93. 发明授权
    • Dry toner, dry toner production process, and image forming method
    • 干粉,干粉生产工艺和成像方法
    • US06635398B1
    • 2003-10-21
    • US09695079
    • 2000-10-25
    • Keiji KomotoTsutomu KukimotoTatsuhiko ChibaAkira Hashimoto
    • Keiji KomotoTsutomu KukimotoTatsuhiko ChibaAkira Hashimoto
    • G03G9087
    • G03G9/0821G03G9/0827G03G9/08737
    • A dry toner has toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a wax component and an external additive. The binder resin contains a component derived from a monomer selected from butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene. The toner has a main Tg from 40° C. to 70° C. When specific surface area measured by the BET method in an environment of 23° C. atmospheric temperature and 65% relative humidity is represented by A (m2/g) and specific surface area measured by the BET method in an environment of 50° C. atmospheric temperature and 3% relative humidity is represented by B (m2/g), the toner satisfies the following relationship: 0.8≦A≦4.0, 0.80≦(B/A)≦1.05. The toner has a circle-corresponding number-average particle diameter D1 from 2 to 10 &mgr;m, an average circularity from 0.950 to 0.995 and a circularity standard deviation less than 0.040. The toner has a main-peak molecular weight from 2,000 to 100,000 and contains a THF-insoluble matter from 5 to 60% by weight.
    • 干燥调色剂具有至少含有粘合剂树脂,着色剂和蜡组分的调色剂颗粒和外部添加剂。 粘合剂树脂含有源自选自丁二烯,异戊二烯和氯丁二烯的单体的成分。 调色剂的主要Tg为40℃至70℃。当在23℃环境温度和65%相对湿度的环境中通过BET法测得的比表面积由A(m 2 / g)和通过BET法在50℃环境温度和3%相对湿度的环境中测量的比表面积由B(m 2 / g)表示,调色剂满足以下关系:0.8 <= A <= 4.0,0.80 <=(B / A)<= 1.05。 调色剂具有2至10μm的圆对应的数均粒径D1,0.950至0.995的平均圆形度和小于0.040的圆形度标准偏差。 调色剂的主峰分子量为2,000〜100,000,含有5〜60重量%的THF不溶物。
    • 94. 发明授权
    • Exhaust emission control system for internal combustion engine
    • 内燃机废气排放控制系统
    • US06629408B1
    • 2003-10-07
    • US09685571
    • 2000-10-11
    • Akira MurakamiMistuo HashizumeKotaro MiyashitaToshikatsu TakanohashiYuichiro TanabeAkira Hashimoto
    • Akira MurakamiMistuo HashizumeKotaro MiyashitaToshikatsu TakanohashiYuichiro TanabeAkira Hashimoto
    • F01N300
    • F01N3/0842F01N11/007F01N2550/03F01N2570/04F01N2900/0422F02D41/028Y02T10/47
    • An exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine, having a nitrogen oxide removing device provided in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine for absorbing nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gases in an exhaust lean condition. The exhaust emission control system includes first and second oxygen concentration sensors respectively provided upstream and downstream of the nitrogen oxide removing device for detecting an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases. The air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be supplied to the engine is changed from a lean region to a rich region with respect to a stoichiometric ratio. An amount of reducing components flowing into the nitrogen oxide removing device from the time when an output value from the first oxygen concentration sensor has changed to a value indicative of a rich air-fuel ratio after enrichment of the air-fuel ratio is calculated. Deterioration of the nitrogen oxide removing device is determined according to the calculated amount of reducing components and an output value from the second oxygen concentration sensor.
    • 一种用于内燃机的排气排放控制系统,其具有设置在内燃机的排气系统中的氮氧化物去除装置,用于吸收排气贫化状态下的废气中所含的氮氧化物。 废气排放控制系统包括分别设置在氮氧化物去除装置的上游和下游的用于检测废气中的氧浓度的第一和第二氧浓度传感器。 供给到发动机的空气燃料混合物的空燃比相对于化学计量比从贫区变为浓区。 计算从第一氧浓度传感器的输出值变为表示浓缩空燃比后的浓空燃比的值时流入氮氧化物除去装置的还原成分的量。 根据计算出的还原成分量和来自第二氧浓度传感器的输出值,确定氮氧化物除去装置的劣化。
    • 96. 发明授权
    • Dielectric element and method for fabricating the same
    • 介电元件及其制造方法
    • US06597027B1
    • 2003-07-22
    • US09709423
    • 2000-11-13
    • Akira HashimotoYoshimi SatoAtsushi KawakamiHideya KobariTetsuya Nakajima
    • Akira HashimotoYoshimi SatoAtsushi KawakamiHideya KobariTetsuya Nakajima
    • H01L2100
    • H01L28/75H01L28/55Y10S438/957
    • It is disclosed a dielectric element comprising a lower electrode, a dielectric layer, and an upper electrode which are provided on a substrate, in which at least one of the electrodes is a Pt layer, a Ru layer is used as a base layer for the Pt layer. In the fabrication of the dielectric element, the Pt layer is formed by electroplating, a photoresist pattern is used as a plating mask, and an Ru layer is formed as a seed layer. The present invention makes it possible to provide a dielectric element using Pt as an electrode material, that is capable of easily forming a Pt electrode having excellent electrical characteristics without generating voids or seams, that is capable of forming a fine pattern, and that does not occur contamination in a processing chamber, and a method for fabricating a dielectric element of having the characteristics mentioned above.
    • 公开了一种介电元件,其包括设置在基板上的下电极,电介质层和上电极,其中至少一个电极为Pt层,Ru层用作基极层 Pt层。 在电介质元件的制造中,通过电镀形成Pt层,使用光致抗蚀剂图案作为电镀掩模,并且形成Ru层作为籽晶层。 本发明使得可以提供使用Pt作为电极材料的电介质元件,其能够容易地形成能够形成精细图案的电气特性优异的Pt电极而不产生空隙或接缝,并且不 在处理室中发生污染,以及具有上述特征的制造电介质元件的方法。
    • 98. 发明授权
    • Toner for developing electrostatic images and image forming method
    • 用于显影静电图像和成像方法的调色剂
    • US06528224B2
    • 2003-03-04
    • US09280579
    • 1999-03-30
    • Manabu OhnoSatoshi YoshidaSatoshi HandaAkira HashimotoKeiji Komoto
    • Manabu OhnoSatoshi YoshidaSatoshi HandaAkira HashimotoKeiji Komoto
    • G03G9097
    • G03G9/0819G03G9/0827G03G9/08782
    • A toner suitable for use in electrophotography, etc., is composed of toner particles each containing a binder resin, a colorant and a wax component. The toner has a number-average particle size of 2-6 &mgr;m and a standard deviation in particle size of below 2.6 &mgr;m based on a number-basis distribution of circle-equivalent diameters, an average circularity of 0.970-0.995 and a standard deviation in circularity of below 0.030 based on a circularity frequency distribution, and a residual monomer content of at most 500 ppm. The toner particles have such a microtexture as to provide a particle cross section as observed through a transmission electron microscope (TEM) exhibiting a matrix of the binder resin and a particle of the wax dispersed in a discrete form in the matrix of the binder resin.
    • 适用于电子照相术等的调色剂由各自含有粘合剂树脂,着色剂和蜡组分的调色剂颗粒组成。 调色剂的数均粒径为2-6μm,粒径小于2.6μm的标准偏差基于圆当量直径的数均分布,平均圆形度为0.970-0.995,标准偏差为 圆形度低于0.030,基于圆形度频率分布,残留单体含量为500ppm以下。 调色剂颗粒具有这样的微观结构,以提供通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察到的颗粒横截面,该透射电子显微镜(TEM)显示粘合剂树脂的基体和以分散形式分散在粘合剂树脂的基体中的蜡的颗粒。