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91. 发明授权

US6108576A Time-resolved diffusion tomographic 2D and 3D imaging in highly scattering turbid media 失效
标题翻译：在高散射混浊介质中的时间分辨扩散断层扫描2D和3D成像
公开(公告)号：US6108576A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-22
申请号：US797163
申请日：1997-02-10
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Swapan K. Gayen
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Swapan K. Gayen
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/47 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0073 , A61B5/7257 , G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0091
摘要： A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: wherein W is a matrix relating output at source and detector positions r.sub.s and r.sub.d, at time t, to position r, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine:.LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j = / Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absorption information. An algorithm, which combines a two dimensional (2D) matrix inversion with a one-dimensional (1D) Fourier transform inversion is used to obtain images of three dimensional hidden objects in turbid scattering media.
摘要翻译：一种用于在高散射混浊介质中成像物体的方法。根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法包括使用多个相交的源/检测器组和时间分辨设备来产生用于从介质出射的光的漫射分量的多个时间分辨强度曲线。对于每个曲线，多个时间的强度然后被输入到以下逆重建算法中以形成介质的图像：其中W是在时间t处将源的输出和检测器位置rs和rd相关联的矩阵，为了定位r，LAMBDA是一个正则化矩阵，为方便起见选择为对角线，但以与噪声的比值与我们试图确定的吸收（或扩散）Xj的波动相关的方式进行选择： LAMBDA ij = lambda j delta ij，其中λj = / Y是在检测器处收集的数据，Xk是朝向期望的吸收信息的第k次迭代。将二维（2D）矩阵求逆与一维（1D）傅里叶变换反演相结合的算法用于获取浑浊散射介质中三维隐藏物体的图像。

92. 发明授权

US6045465A Baseball training bat with colored transferable bands 失效
标题翻译：棒球训练棒与彩色可转移乐队
公开(公告)号：US6045465A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US54694
申请日：1998-04-03
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Scott A. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Scott A. Alfano
IPC分类号： A63B69/00 , A63B69/36
CPC分类号： A63B69/0002 , A63B2069/0008 , A63B69/3617
摘要： A baseball bat which includes one or more colored bands with transferrable colored pigments in or adjacent to the hitting zone to assist a batter in determining where a ball is hit on the hitting zone of the bat. The colored bands on the bat have a color pigment that will mark the ball when hit. The marked ball will provide an indication of where the bat impacted the ball. This information can be used to better train the players in hitting the balls.
摘要翻译：一种棒球棒，其包括一个或多个彩色带，其中具有可转移的着色颜料，在击球区域中或其附近，以协助击球手确定球在击球区域的击球区域。蝙蝠上的彩色乐队有一个彩色颜料，当打击时会标记球。标记的球将提供蝙蝠撞击球的位置的指示。这些信息可以用来更好地训练玩家击球。

93. 发明授权

US6006001A Fiberoptic assembly useful in optical spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：光纤组件可用于光谱学
公开(公告)号：US6006001A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US982332
申请日：1997-12-02
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Stavros G. Demos , Gang Zhang
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Stavros G. Demos , Gang Zhang
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G02B6/04 , G02B6/24
CPC分类号： G02B6/241 , A61B5/0059 , G02B6/04
摘要： A fiberoptic assembly for optical spectroscopic analysis of a sample. In a preferred embodiment, the assembly is well-suited for use inside the working channel of an endoscope and comprises a tubular outer jacket and a tubular inner jacket, the inner jacket being coaxial with and positioned inside the outer jacket. The open front end of the inner jacket is spaced rearwardly a short distance relative to the open front end of the outer jacket. The outer jacket has an outer diameter of approximately 2.2 mm. The assembly also includes a plug made of fused silica. The plug has a front cylindrical portion of comparatively large cross-sectional diameter and a rear cylindrical portion of comparatively small cross-sectional diameter. The front portion is mounted within the outer jacket by a friction-fit and extends longitudinally from the open front end thereof to the open front end of the inner jacket. The rear portion of the plug is mounted within the inner jacket by a friction-fit and extends rearwardly from its open front end for a short distance. A narrow-band filter in the form of a dielectric-coating is formed on the rear end of the rear portion of the plug. The assembly also includes an illumination fiber centered within the inner jacket and spaced rearwardly a short distance from the narrow-band filter. The output end of the illumination filter is shaped to collimate light emergent therefrom. The assembly additionally comprises a plurality of light collection fibers, which fibers are disposed within the outer tubular jacket and are spaced about the outside of the inner tubular jacket.
摘要翻译：用于光谱分析样品的光纤组件。在优选实施例中，该组件非常适合于在内窥镜的工作通道内部使用，并且包括管状外护套和管状内护套，内护套与外护套同轴并位于外护套内。内护套的开放前端相对于外护套的敞开前端向后隔开一短距离。外护套的外径约为2.2mm。组件还包括由熔融石英制成的塞子。插头具有比较大的横截面直径的前圆柱形部分和相对较小横截面直径的后圆柱形部分。前部通过摩擦配合安装在外护套内，并从其敞开的前端纵向延伸到内护套的敞开的前端。插头的后部通过摩擦配合安装在内护套内，并从其敞开的前端向后延伸短距离。在插头后部的后端形成电介质涂层形式的窄带滤波器。该组件还包括以内护套为中心并与窄带过滤器相隔一定距离的照明纤维。照明滤光器的输出端被成形为使从其出射的光准直。组件还包括多个聚光纤维，该纤维布置在外部管状护套内并且围绕内部管状护套的外部间隔开。

94. 发明授权

US5656810A Method and apparatus for evaluating the composition of an oil sample 失效
标题翻译：用于评估油样品组成的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5656810A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-12
申请号：US155450
申请日：1993-11-22
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Cheng H. Liu
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Cheng H. Liu
IPC分类号： G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N21/64 , G01N2021/6423
摘要： A method and apparatus for evaluating the composition of an oil sample. The method and apparatus are premised on the discovery that spectral differences can be observed in the luminescence, excitation, light scattering and absorption spectra in the near UV, visible and near IR regions for various crude oil components, such as asphaltenes, deasphalted crude oil and organic solid residues. Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment the method comprises illuminating an oil sample with light of a suitable excitation wavelength, measuring the resultant fluorescence therefrom and comparing the resultant fluorescence to appropriate standards derived from known components of crude oil.
摘要翻译：用于评估油样的组成的方法和装置。该方法和装置的前提是发现在各种原油组分如沥青质，脱沥青原油和近红外，可见光和近红外区域的发光，激发，光散射和吸收光谱中可以观察到光谱差异，有机固体残留物。因此，在一个优选实施方案中，该方法包括用合适的激发波长的光照射油样品，测量所得到的荧光，并将得到的荧光与源自原油已知组分的合适的标准进行比较。

95. 发明授权

US5474910A Method and device for detecting biological molecules and/or microorganisms within a desired area or space 失效
标题翻译：用于检测所需区域或空间内的生物分子和/或微生物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5474910A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-12
申请号：US136402
申请日：1993-10-15
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： C12Q1/04 , G01J3/44 , G01N21/64 , G01N21/00 , H01L21/306
CPC分类号： G01N21/6486 , C12Q1/04 , G01J3/4406 , Y10S250/91
摘要： A method and device for detecting fluorescent biological molecules and/or microorganisms containing said fluorescent biological molecules within a given area or space. The method comprises illuminating an area or space with light of a suitable wavelength to excite the fluorescent biological molecules and then measuring the resultant fluorescent light from the illuminated area or space at a wavelength indicative of fluorescence of the fluorescent biological molecules. The invention can also be used to detect changes in the levels of such biological molecules and/or microorganisms within a given area or space by illuminating the area or space at two different times, measuring the resultant fluorescence after each illumination and comparing the respective fluorescence measurements. The present invention is also directed to a hand-held device for in vivo inspection of desired areas or spaces.
摘要翻译：一种用于在给定区域或空间内检测含有所述荧光生物分子的荧光生物分子和/或微生物的方法和装置。该方法包括用适当波长的光照射面积或空间以激发荧光生物分子，然后以指示荧光生物分子的荧光的波长测量从被照射区域或空间得到的荧光。本发明还可以用于通过在两个不同时间点亮该区域或空间来检测给定区域或空间内的这些生物分子和/或微生物的水平的变化，测量每次照射之后的所得荧光，并比较各自的荧光测量值。本发明还涉及用于体内检查所需区域或空间的手持装置。

96. 发明授权

US5348018A Method for determining if tissue is malignant as opposed to non-malignant using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：使用时间分辨荧光光谱法确定组织是否恶性的方法与非恶性肿瘤相反
公开(公告)号：US5348018A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-20
申请号：US797723
申请日：1991-11-25
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Asima Pradhan , Guichen C. Tang , Leming Wang , Yury Budansky , Bidyut Baran Das
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Asima Pradhan , Guichen C. Tang , Leming Wang , Yury Budansky , Bidyut Baran Das
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , B23K26/06 , G01N21/64 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/6486 , A61B5/0071 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/0091 , A61B5/4312 , B23K26/0624 , G01N21/6408 , A61B5/0075 , A61B5/0086 , G01N2021/6417
摘要： A method for determining if tissue is malignant as opposed to non-malignant (i.e., benign tumor tissue, benign tissue, or normal tissue), In one embodiment, the method comprises irradiating a human breast tissue sample with light at a wavelength of about 310 nm and measuring the time-resolved fluorescence emitted therefrom at about 340 nm. The time-resolved fluorescence profile is then compared to similar profiles obtained from known malignant and non-malignant human breast tissues. By fitting the profiles to the formula I(t)=A.sub.1 e(-t/.tau..sub.1)+A.sub.2 e(-t/.tau..sub.2) one can quantify the differences between tissues of various conditions. For example, non-malignant human breast tissues exhibit a slow component (.tau..sub.2) which is less than 1.6 ns whereas malignant human breast tissues exhibit a slow component (.tau..sub.2) which is greater than 1.6 ns. In addition, non-malignant human breast tissues exhibit a ratio of fast to slow amplitudes (A.sub.1 /A.sub.2) which is greater than 0.85 whereas malignant human breast tissues exhibit a ratio of fast to slow amplitudes (A.sub.1 /A.sub.2) which is less than 0.6. This technique can be used with different excitation and/or emission wavelengths, and can be applied to the detection of malignancies (or other abnormal states) in tissues other than human breast tissue.
摘要翻译：与非恶性（即，良性肿瘤组织，良性组织或正常组织）相反，用于确定组织是否为恶性的方法。在一个实施方案中，该方法包括用约310的波长的光照射人乳房组织样品并测量在约340nm处从其发射的时间分辨荧光。然后将时间分辨的荧光图谱与从已知的恶性和非恶性人乳腺组织获得的相似特征进行比较。通过拟合公式I（t）= A1e（-t / tau1）+ A2e（-t / tau2），可以量化各种条件的组织之间的差异。例如，非恶性人乳腺组织表现出小于1.6ns的缓慢成分（tau 2），而恶性人乳腺组织表现出大于1.6ns的缓慢成分（tau 2）。此外，非恶性人乳腺组织表现出快于慢振幅（A1 / A2）的比值大于0.85，而恶性人乳腺组织表现出快于慢振幅（A1 / A2）的比值小于0.6 。该技术可以用于不同的激发和/或发射波长，并且可以应用于除人乳腺组织以外的组织中的恶性肿瘤（或其他异常状态）的检测。

97. 发明授权

US5140463A Method and apparatus for improving the signal to noise ratio of an image formed of an object hidden in or behind a semi-opaque random media 失效
标题翻译：用于改善信号的噪声比的方法和装置，用于隐藏对象或隐藏在半自动随机媒体中的图像的噪声比
公开(公告)号：US5140463A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-18
申请号：US489942
申请日：1990-03-08
申请人： Kwong M. Yoo , Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Kwong M. Yoo , Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B10/00 , G01N21/17 , G01N21/47 , G06T1/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 , G01N2021/177 , G01N2021/178 , G01N2021/1791 , G01N2201/0697
摘要： The quality of image of an object hidden inside a highly scattering semi-opaque disordered medium is improved by using space gate imaging or time gate imaging or space time gate imaging. In space gate imaging, a small segment of the object is illuminated at a time. The scattered light is passed through a spatial noise filter. On the image plane, an aperture is open at the position of the image segment which correspond to the segment of the illuminated object. A full image is obtained by scanning the object segment by segment and simultaneously recording the signal at the corresponding image segment. In time gate imaging, the unscattered (i.e. ballistic) portion of the pulse which contains the information of the image is temporally separated from the other (i.e. scattered) portions which contains the noise using a ultrafast laser pulse and temporal gating devices. The technique is in space-time gate imaging, the two techniques are combined to produce an image with a much higher signal to noise ratio. The time separation between the ballistic and scattered light may be increased by increasing thickness of random medium or by introducing small scatters into the random medium so as to make the medium more random. The signal to noise ratio can also be increased by making the random medium less random (so that there will be less scattered light). In addition, the signal to noise ratio can be increased by introducing an absorbing dye into the medium or by using a wavelength for the light which is in the absorption spectrum of the random medium or by making the medium more ordered (i.e. less random) or by using a pair of parallel polarizers.

98. 发明授权

US5131398A Method and apparatus for distinguishing cancerous tissue from benign tumor tissue, benign tissue or normal tissue using native fluorescence 失效
标题翻译：使用天然荧光鉴别癌组织与良性肿瘤组织，良性组织或正常组织的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5131398A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-21
申请号：US468633
申请日：1990-01-22
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Bidyut Das , Guichen Tang
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Bidyut Das , Guichen Tang
IPC分类号： A61B5/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0084 , A61B5/0071 , A61B5/0091 , A61B5/4312
摘要： A method and apparatus for distingishing cancerous tumors and tissue from benign tumors and tissue or normal tissue using native fluorescence. The tissue to be examined is excited with a beam of monochromatic light at 300 nanometers (nm). The intensity of the native fluorescence emitted from tissue is measured at 340 and 440 nm. The ratio of the two intensities is then calculated and used as a basis for determining if the tissue is cancerous as opposed to benign or normal. The invention is based on the discovery that when tissue is excited with monochromatic light at 300 nm, the native fluorescence spectrum over the region from about 320 nm to 600 nm is the tissue that is cancerous and substantially different from the native fluorescence spectrum that would result if the tissue is either benign or normal. The technique is useful in invivo and in vitro testing of human as well as animal tissue.
摘要翻译：使用天然荧光从良性肿瘤和组织或正常组织中分散癌性肿瘤和组织的方法和装置。待检查的组织用300纳米（nm）的单色光束激发。在340和440nm处测量从组织发出的天然荧光的强度。然后计算两个强度的比例，并将其用作确定组织是否为癌性而不是良性或正常的基础。本发明是基于以下发现：当组织被300nm的单色光激发时，在约320nm至600nm的区域上的天然荧光光谱是与天然荧光光谱相似的癌症和显着不同的组织如果组织是良性或正常的。该技术可用于人体和动物组织的体内和体外检测。

99. 发明授权

US4973160A SHG autocorrelator 失效
标题翻译： SHG自相关器
公开(公告)号：US4973160A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-27
申请号：US334029
申请日：1989-04-06
申请人： Yoshihiro Takiguchi , Robert R. Alfano , Yury Budansky
发明人： Yoshihiro Takiguchi , Robert R. Alfano , Yury Budansky
IPC分类号： G01J9/02 , G01J11/00 , G01N21/63
CPC分类号： G01J11/00 , G01J9/02 , G01N21/636
摘要： An SHG autocorrelator for use in measuring the duration of an ultrashort pulse of light includes in one embodiment a thin pellicle beamsplitter for splitting the pulse of light into first and second beams, a stationary optical delay disposed along the path of the first beam, a movable optical delay disposed along the path of the second beam, a thin SHG crystal, a concave mirror for bringing the first and second beams to focus into the SHG crystal, a photodetector for detecting light emitted from the SHG crystal, and a narrow bandpass filter in front of the photodetector for filtering out non second harmonic light. The device reduces time broadening and delay of ultrashort pulses in the femtosecond time domain.
摘要翻译：用于测量超短脉冲光持续时间的SHG自相关器包括在一个实施例中，用于将光脉冲分为第一和第二光束的薄薄膜分束器，沿第一光束路径设置的固定光学延迟，沿着第二光束的路径设置的光学延迟，薄的SHG晶体，用于使第一和第二光束聚焦到SHG晶体中的凹面镜，用于检测从SHG晶体发射的光的光电检测器和窄带通滤波器用于滤除非二次谐波光的光电检测器的前部。该器件减少了飞秒时域中超短脉冲的时间拓宽和延迟。

100. 发明授权

US4931704A Ultrafast sampling oscilloscope 失效
标题翻译：超快采样示波器
公开(公告)号：US4931704A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-05
申请号：US281679
申请日：1988-12-09
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ardie D. Walser
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ardie D. Walser
IPC分类号： G01R13/34 , H01J43/08 , H01J43/30
CPC分类号： H01J43/30 , G01R13/34 , H01J43/08
摘要： A femtosecond sampling oscilloscope includes a femtosecond laser for generating a pulse of light in the femtosecond range and a beam splitter for splitting the pulse of light into pulses traveling along first and second beam paths. A photoconductive switch disposed along the first beam path is used to produce an electrical stimulus output at a first output port, an electrical pulse output at a second output port and an optical output at a third output port. A photomultiplier tube having a strip line photocathode receives the pulse of light traveling along the first beam path. An input port is coupled to the photocathode. In use, the output signal at one of the output ports is connected to a test device producing a test voltage signal which is applied to the input port. When the test voltage signal and the light pulse traveling along the second path intersect on the photocathode in space and time, an electrical signal output is produced at the photomultiplier tube. The output is processed and/or stored in a computer and then, when desired, displayed on a cathode ray tube.
摘要翻译：飞秒采样示波器包括用于产生飞秒范围内的脉冲的飞秒激光器，以及用于将光脉冲分成沿第一和第二光束路径行进的脉冲的分束器。沿着第一光束路径设置的感光开关用于在第一输出端口处产生电刺激输出，在第二输出端口处产生电脉冲输出，在第三输出端口产生光输出。具有带状光电阴极的光电倍增管接收沿着第一光束路径行进的光的脉冲。输入端口耦合到光电阴极。在使用中，其中一个输出端口处的输出信号连接到产生测试电压信号的测试设备，该测试电压信号被施加到输入端口。当测试电压信号和沿着第二路径行进的光脉冲在空间和时间上在光电阴极上相交时，在光电倍增管处产生电信号输出。将输出处理和/或存储在计算机中，然后在需要时显示在阴极射线管上。

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