A lamp installation structure capable of implementing rapid central positioning, comprising a base plate (100) and a ceiling hanging plate (200). The ceiling hanging plate (200) comprises a circular bottom plate (210) fixed on an installation plane. An annular limiting portion (220) is provided on the edge of the bottom plate (210). The bottom of the base plate (100) is provided with a positioning portion (110) that has the same shape as the limiting portion (220). The positioning portion (110) is nested on the limiting portion (220) to implement central positioning. The base plate (100) and the ceiling hanging plate (200) are connected by means of a snap-fit mechanism. The snap-fit mechanism comprises male snaps (120) and female snaps (230) respectively provided on the base plate (100) and the ceiling hanging plate (200). The male snaps (120) are slidably fastened to the interiors of the female snaps (230). The height of the limiting portion (220) or the positioning portion (110) is greater than the height of the male snap (120) or the female snap (230). The positioning portion (110) and the limiting portion (220) are respectively provided on the base plate (100) and the ceiling hanging plate (200), rapid central positioning is implemented by the mutual nesting of the positioning portion (110) and the limiting portion (220), and then the snap-fit connection between the base plate (100) and the ceiling hanging plate (200) is implemented by means of the snap-fit mechanism to prevent the base plate (100) from being separated from the ceiling hanging plate (200), thereby solving the problem of inaccurate snap-fitting during blind installation of the base plate (100), and improving the accuracy and ease of installation.