Provided are a drug identification device, a drug identification method, and a program with which it is possible for efficient identification to be carried out accurately, even when identifying drugs including drugs that are similar to one another. A drug identification device (2) is provided with: a drug database (20A); an image input unit (10A) into which a target image is input; a drug region extracting unit (10B) which extracts from the target image a drug region in which a drug appears; a registered image acquiring unit (10C) which acquires a first registered image and a second registered image; a first recognizing unit (10D) which performs similarity recognition between the drug region and the corresponding first registered image; a second recognizing unit (10E) which performs similarity recognition with the second registered image, for a drug region that has been recognized by the first recognizing unit as being similar to the first registered image; and a drug identifying unit (10F) which identifies whether the drug is a first drug on the basis of the recognition results from the first recognizing unit and the second recognizing unit.