The invention discloses a preparation method of a fluorine-doped porous carbon nanofiber-loaded alkali-metal hydrogen storage material, belonging to the field of hydrogen storage technology. The method comprises the following steps: preparing porous nanofibers by using an electrostatic spinning method and a hydrothermal method; then, subjecting the porous PAN/PFSA nanofibers and an alkali metal solution to replacement so as to form lithium/calcium-porous PAN/PFSA nanofibers; and carrying out calcining so as to obtain the hydrogen storage material which is large in specific surface area, dopedwith fluorine and compounded by uniformly dispersing alkali metal in the porous carbon nanofibers. The alkali metal and the porous carbon nanofibers are beneficial for improving mass hydrogen storagedensity; and fluorine doping is beneficial for the mass hydrogen storage density of the composite material, can reduce the dehydrogenation temperature of the composite material, and realizes reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption of the composite material. The porous carbon nanofiber-loaded alkali-metal hydrogen storage material is applied to fuel cells, lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors and can be used as a carbon-supported alkali metal catalyst.