The invention relates to a transformer partial discharge source rapid positioning system based on the thermal imaging technology. The system comprises a binocular infrared camera and an industrial personal computer. The binocular infrared camera is fixed on the inner wall of a main transformer room to shoot the height positions of all the transformer main bodies; the binocular infrared camera communicates with an industrial personal computer through a wireless network; an image processing module is arranged in the binocular infrared camera, and a position recognition module and a display alarmmodule are arranged in the industrial personal computer. According to the invention, the thermal imaging sensing technology and the binocular-based stereoscopic vision technology are introduced, andthe rapid positioning of a transformer partial discharge source is realized by collecting insulating oil temperature change information caused in a partial discharge process, so most of troubleshooting time is saved, and the effective help is provided for rapid repair of faults; in addition, the adverse effect of the strong electromagnetic interference environment on the collection of the partialdischarge signals is avoided.