The invention provides a control system and method for an injection head clamping device. The control system refers to a first speed acquisition device is connected with a clamping chain of the injection head clamping device, a second speed acquisition device is connected with a guide device of an injection head, the first speed acquisition device and the second speed acquisition device are electrically connected with a control device correspondingly, the control device is connected with the injection head clamping device through a control loop, and the control device regulates the clamping strength of the injection head clamping device on a coiled tubing through the control loop. The control method is implemented through the control device. According to the control system and method for the injection head clamping device, hydraulic clamping force of the injection head clamping device can be monitored and adjusted in real time, whether the coiled tubing is slipped or not is monitored in real time, when detecting occurrence of the tubing slipping situation, the coiled tubing can be clamped and fixed quickly, and expansion of the tubing slipping situation is prevented.