The invention discloses a bridge moving vehicle load identification method. In the using process of the bridge, an effective method for identifying loads of moving vehicles on the bridge is lacked, and potential safety hazards of the bridge are caused by overload of the moving vehicles. The method comprises the following five steps: step 1, determining the static weight of a target vehicle; step 2, determining parameters of the target vehicle; step 3, determining the driving speed of the target vehicle; step 4, determining the vertical acceleration of the target vehicle; step 5, establishing asystem numerical model; a simplified numerical model of the bridge structure is established; step 6, determining the load of the moving target vehicle. According to the vertical acceleration obtainedin the step 4, the target vehicle in the process of passing through the bridge, the vertical acceleration of the target vehicle in the process of passing through the bridge is obtained, and the vertical acceleration of the target vehicle in the process of passing through the bridge is obtained; and obtaining an interaction force between the bridge structure and the moving vehicle within a duration time range of t2-t1 in the driving process of the target vehicle by combining a formula. The invention further discloses a method for obtaining the interaction force between the bridge structure andthe moving vehicle by using the method.