The invention discloses an efficient rubber V-belt machining method, and belongs to the technical field of conveying belt machining. The efficient rubber V-belt machining method comprises the steps that belt core chamfers are cut, specifically, blank belts conforming to specifications are selected as belt cores, a belt core driving unit is adjusted to mount the belt cores on a belt core rotating rotary wheel and a belt core tensioning rotary wheel, the belt core driving unit is driven, thus the belt cores mounted on the belt core driving unit rotate, and a chamfer feeding unit is driven, so that a belt core chamfering unit cuts the belt cores to form the belt core chamfers; and conveying belts are vulcanized, specifically, molds are sequentially sleeved with the V-shaped conveying belts manufactured after belt core chamfer cutting, then the molds are placed on a mold-loading pressurizing platform, the molds are pressurized by a mold-loading pressurizing pressing rod, after pressurizing, fixing screws are mounted in screw holes of the molds to fix the molds, the molds loaded with the V-shaped conveying belts are transferred into a vulcanizing tank, the vulcanizing tank is covered with a cover plate, a tank cop is closed, and vulcanization compression molding is conducted. According to the efficient rubber V-belt machining method, the cutting efficiency and the cutting precisionof the rubber V-belt chamfers are improved.