The invention provides an adaptive storage electronic pressure gauge and a measuring method thereof. The pressure gauge comprises a sensor short connecting rod, an adaptive storage short connecting rod, an outer sleeve, a suspension adapter, a downhole measuring module, an adaptive storage module, and a power management module. The adaptive storage electronic pressure gauge and the measuring method thereof have the effects that through design of a circuit and a mechanical structure of the pressure gauge and studying an adaptive storage algorithm based on wavelet packet and empirical modal decomposition, the pressure and temperature data collected in the construction operation process are divided according to the construction operation stages, and sampling and storage frequencies of the current stage are set independently according to the classification results, so that frequency-variable sampling and storage of the downhole pressure and temperature data are realized. The adaptive storage electronic pressure gauge can independently identify the construction operation stage where the pressure gauge is located and conducts frequency-variable sampling and storage of pressure and temperature information, the storage data amount is decreased to 50% or below of a conventional electronic pressure gauge, and thus workload of subsequent data processing and power consumption of the pressure gauge are lowered.